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Workplace discrimination   |   Research: When Employees Identify with Their
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Workplace discrimination


RESEARCH: WHEN EMPLOYEES IDENTIFY WITH THEIR COMPANY, THEY’RE LESS LIKELY TO
RECOGNIZE GENDER DISCRIMINATION

Beware the “not here” bias.
by
 * Jamie L. Gloor,
 * Tyler Okimoto,
 * Xinxin Li,
 * Brooke Gazdag,
   and
 * Michelle Ryan

by
 * Jamie L. Gloor,
 * Tyler Okimoto,
 * Xinxin Li,
 * Brooke Gazdag,
   and
 * Michelle Ryan

May 03, 2024
piranka/Getty Images
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Summary.    Identifying as an organizational member — or feeling a strong sense
of attachment to the organization — is generally a positive thing for employees
and employers. But our research on workplace incivility and mistreatment shows
that it can also shape when — and if —...more
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You’re in the elevator of your office building. The doors open and two coworkers
— one male and one female — enter the elevator in a heated debate. The female
employee is trying to explain an issue on a project she’s leading, but the male
employee interrupts her: “Geez, I’ve heard enough of you and your opinions!” The
woman falls silent, clearly upset and shaken by the comment.

The outburst feels rude and unnecessary. But let’s consider two questions: (1)
Is this a more general instance of incivility that might go against the grain of
workplace norms of respect and collegiality? (2) Or, worse, is this selective
incivility, a subtle form of gender discrimination that women tend to experience
more of at work?

There are no clear answers to these two questions. This situation is subjective,
open to interpretation and bias. But our new research suggests that when you are
strongly attached to your workplace, you are more likely to interpret this type
of interaction as general disrespect (general incivility) and not gender-based
disrespect (selective incivility). In other words, you might be blind to bias
when it occurs.

Why might this happen? When you identify with your workplace, you tend to feel
proud when it succeeds and embarrassed when it slips up or makes mistakes.
Although identifying with your workplace has manifold benefits for employees and
organizations alike (e.g., better performance and contributions to the
organization), having a stronger organizational identification may also make it
harder to see subtle incivility or microaggressions as a form of discrimination.
This is an effect referred to as “not here” bias, or the idea that even
employees and leaders who acknowledge inequity exists in general hesitate to
acknowledge it exists in their own organizations. After all, if your
organization is such a great place to work, how can gender discrimination be
present? This was exactly the type of question Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff
recently struggled with when a gender pay gap was discovered at his own
organization.

New research, including ours, sheds light on how gender discrimination takes
more “undercover” forms, why it can be harder for some to spot, and what leaders
and employees can do to foster more gender equity in their workplace.


IDENTITY AS A SOURCE OF BIAS

Since the 1960s, gender discrimination in organizations has moved underground
due to increasing awareness, changes in policies and laws, and a decreasing
social acceptance of blatant acts of sexism. While this may look positive on the
surface, gender discrimination now takes on subtler forms that are more
difficult to detect and prevent. Indeed, the inherent ambiguity of
microaggressions makes it nearly impossible to determine if the act was
intentional or motivated by prejudice. For example, workplace incivility is
rampant, and has been for decades, with virtually all employees (98-99%)
experiencing or witnessing incivility at work. But it is women and individuals
from underrepresented groups who experience incivility most frequently.

To better understand why this subtle gender discrimination persists in modern
organizations, we explored how identity impacts bystander responses to gender
discrimination at work. In our research, published in the Journal of Management,
we investigated three relevant ways employees identify themselves: being a woman
(which, for our sample, included only women), being a feminist (which included
both men and women), and being an organizational member (which also included
both men and women). We were interested in how these facets of identity
influence employees’ reactions to colleagues being mistreated at work —
specifically, instances of disrespect, incivility, or microaggressions targeting
women. (Note: Our research only examined two genders — men and women — because
very few participants identified outside these two genders. Performing
meaningful analyses with such small numbers was not possible.)

Through comprehensive analysis of extensive field data and three mixed methods
studies (a field study and two different experiments) with 1,250 employees
across Switzerland and the U.S., we uncovered some surprising insights. Notably,
findings from all three studies indicate a strong sense of belonging or
attachment to an organization led to a lower likelihood of recognizing
mistreatment toward female colleagues as discrimination. However, there were a
few key exceptions.

In one study, for example, we tested whether these perceptions affect
intervention. We found that somemale employees who identify as being an
organizational member are also more likely to intervene if they recognize the
discrimination. Perhaps this is the case for male employees only because of the
negative consequences that women often face when speaking up, or their fear that
speaking up will not make a difference. While male bystanders who have a strong
sense of attachment with their organization are less likely to recognize
incivility, once they remove their rose-colored glasses, they are quick to step
up and speak up.

Our findings also point to the potentially positive role of feminist
self-identification in women and men. That is, the results from our studies show
that those who consider feminism a central part of who they are also seem to be
more attuned to discrimination toward women at work. They are more likely to
perceive discrimination and they are more likely to intervene in response to
women’s mistreatment at work. That said, feminist men are still more likely than
feminist women to intervene, likely for the same reasons we describe above.

Interestingly, the findings across all three studies also challenge the
widespread notion that women whose gender is central and important to who they
are experience heightened sensitivity to women’s mistreatment. Women’s gender
identification had a nearly null effect — or an effect that could not be
distinguished from zero — on their perceptions of or reactions to discrimination
toward women at work. These results suggest that we can perhaps put the
problematic myth about women’s alleged “hypersensitivity” to women’s
mistreatment in organizations to rest.


WHAT CAN EMPLOYEES AND LEADERS DO?

The research on workplace incivility and mistreatment clearly shows a range of
negative effects for victims, bystanders, and the organizations that employ
them. Evidence shows that leaders, as well as employees, play a key role in
identifying and remedying gender discrimination in all its forms. If the goal is
to proactively address gender discrimination in the workplace and encourage
leaders and workers to remove their rose-colored glasses, we offer a few
suggestions:

 1. Clarify what your organization stands for — and against. Our findings
    underscore the need for leaders to foster employee identification with their
    organizations, while simultaneously ensuring that intolerance of disrespect
    and discrimination remains a central value in the organization’s culture.
 2. Activate bystanders. Bystanders and other allies play a critical role in
    recognizing and responding to these impactful, interpersonal acts. This is
    because targets themselves are often delegitimized when they speak up,
    labelled as “complainers” or disregarded as being “too sensitive.” Simply
    checking in with the person at the receiving end of the potential
    mistreatment could constitute a valued act of allyship, while also helping
    the bystander make sense of the situation. Bystanders must also be aware of
    their own blind spots: If they care deeply about and derive great pride from
    the organization, their optimism may cause them to miss the everyday reality
    many of their colleagues experience — as well as opportunities to interrupt
    discriminatory acts.
 3. Engage with employees. Most employees are unhappy with how their
    organizations handle incivility and mistreatment at work. Simply starting a
    conversation around this troubling topic, by asking leaders and employees to
    try to recall a time when someone in their organization experienced subtle
    discrimination, may be enough to reduce collective displeasure. This type of
    intervention can potentially reduce “not here” bias, while also encouraging
    bystanders and organizational members to speak up when they see possible
    mistreatment.


. . .

A problem must first be identified before it can be addressed. In the same
sense, recognizing “not here” bias is a key step toward reducing pernicious and
persistent forms of subtle, gender-based workplace discrimination like
incivility and microaggressions. By realizing when we might be wearing — and
when we need to remove — our rose-colored glasses, we can continue our progress
toward equity and inclusion in our organization.

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Read more on Workplace discrimination or related topics Gender, Workplace health
and safety, Managing people, Personal ethics and Interpersonal skills
 * JG
   Jamie L. Gloor is a Swiss National Science Foundation professor of Leadership
   & Diversity Science at the University of St.Gallen in Switzerland. Her
   research, teaching, and speaking focus on diversity and inclusion,
   leadership, humor, and sustainability to craft more equitable, enjoyable, and
   productive workplaces with positive impact.
 * TO
   Tyler Okimoto is a professor of management and academic dean within the
   faculty of Business, Economics, and Law at the University of Queensland. His
   research aims to understand the factors that bias employee judgments and lead
   to discrimination at work, and how organizations can work through biased
   viewpoints to promote consensus and a greater sense of fairness.
   
   

 * XL
   
   Xinxin Li is an associate professor of management at the Antai College of
   Economics and Management at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Her research
   focuses on DEI, business ethics, and emotions at work.

 * BG
   Brooke Gazdag is an associate professor and academic director of executive
   education at the Kühne Logistics University in Hamburg, Germany. Through her
   research and teaching, she seeks to improve employees’ experience at work
   through leadership, negotiations, and diversity and inclusion.
   
   

 * MR
   
   Michelle Ryan is a professor of social and organizational psychology and the
   director of the Global Institute for Women’s Leadership at The Australian
   National University. Her work centers on understanding the psychological
   processes underlying workplace gender inequality, and designing and
   implementing innovative and evidence-based interventions to increase gender
   equality.

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Read more on Workplace discrimination or related topics Gender, Workplace health
and safety, Managing people, Personal ethics and Interpersonal skills



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NEXXEN INC.

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


EPSILON

Cookie duration: 184 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


YAHOO EMEA LIMITED

Cookie duration: 397 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ADVENTORI SAS

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


TRIPLELIFT, INC.

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


XANDR, INC.

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


NEORY GMBH

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NEXXEN GROUP LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


NEURAL.ONE

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Probabilistic
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ADITION (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ACTIVE AGENT (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


TABOOLA EUROPE LIMITED

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


EQUATIV

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ADFORM A/S

Cookie duration: 3650 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


MAGNITE, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


RATEGAIN ADARA INC

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SIFT MEDIA, INC

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, IP addresses

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


RAKUTEN MARKETING LLC

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


LUMEN RESEARCH LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


AMAZON AD SERVER

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


OPENX

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy
choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


YIELDLAB (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ROKU ADVERTISING SERVICES

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


NANO INTERACTIVE GROUP LTD.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SIMPLIFI HOLDINGS LLC

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data, IP
addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PUBMATIC, INC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


COMSCORE B.V.

Cookie duration: 720 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


FLASHTALKING

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PULSEPOINT, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Device characteristics, IP
addresses

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SMAATO, INC.

Cookie duration: 21 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


SEMASIO GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CRIMTAN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


GENIUS SPORTS UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CRITEO SA

Cookie duration: 390 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ADLOOX SA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, IP addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


BLIS GLOBAL LIMITED

Cookie duration: 400 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


LOTAME SOLUTIONS, INC

Cookie duration: 274 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


LIVERAMP

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy
choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


GROUPM UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


LOOPME LIMITED

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


DYNATA LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ASK LOCALA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


AZIRA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


DOUBLEVERIFY INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Probabilistic
identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Privacy choices

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


BIDSWITCH GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


IPONWEB GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NEXTROLL, INC.

Cookie duration: 183 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


TEADS FRANCE SAS

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


STRÖER SSP GMBH (SSP)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


OS DATA SOLUTIONS GMBH & CO. KG

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


PERMODO GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PLATFORM161 B.V.

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ADACADO TECHNOLOGIES INC. (DBA ADACADO)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Browsing and
interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


BASIS GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


SMADEX, S.L.U.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Users’
profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


BOMBORA INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


EASYMEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


REMERGE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ADVANCED STORE GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


MAGNITE CTV, INC.

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


DELTA PROJECTS AB

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


USEMAX ADVERTISEMENT (EMEGO GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


EMETRIQ GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PUBLICIS MEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


M.D. PRIMIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Cookie duration: 25 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ONETAG LIMITED

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy
choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES S.A.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SMARTOLOGY LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


IMPROVE DIGITAL

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ADOBE ADVERTISING CLOUD

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more




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ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


BANNERFLOW AB

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Device characteristics,
IP addresses, Privacy choices

more




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ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


TABMO SAS

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE (INCORPORATING ADMANTX)

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


WIZALY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


WEBORAMA

Cookie duration: 393 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


JIVOX CORPORATION

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SAGE+ARCHER BV

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ON DEVICE RESEARCH LIMITED

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, IP addresses

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ROCKABOX MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


EXACTAG GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CELTRA INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, IP addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


MAINADV SRL

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


GEMIUS SA

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


THE KANTAR GROUP LIMITED

Cookie duration: 914 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy
choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH LTD.

Cookie duration: 120 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


SOLOCAL SA

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


PIXALATE, INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ORACLE ADVERTISING

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NUMBERLY

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


AUDIENCEPROJECT A/S

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

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Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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DEMANDBASE, INC.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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EFFILIATION / EFFINITY

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

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Cookie duration resets each session.


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ARRIVALIST CO.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses

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Cookie duration resets each session.


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SEENTHIS AB

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses

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COMMANDERS ACT

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, IP addresses

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TRAVEL AUDIENCE GMBH

Cookie duration: 397 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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HUMAN

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, IP addresses

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ADLUDIO LTD.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

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BLENDEE SRL

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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INNOVID LLC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy
choices

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Cookie duration resets each session.


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PAPIRFLY AS

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

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NEUSTAR, INC., A TRANSUNION COMPANY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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VERVE GROUP EUROPE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices,
Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


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OTTO (GMBH & CO KG)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, User-provided data, Browsing
and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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ADOBE AUDIENCE MANAGER, ADOBE EXPERIENCE PLATFORM

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


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LOCALSENSOR B.V.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


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ONLINE SOLUTION

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, User-provided data, Device
characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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RELAY42 NETHERLANDS B.V.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

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GP ONE GMBH

Cookie duration: Uses session cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, User-provided data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy
choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


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THE MEDIAGRID INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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MINDTAKE RESEARCH GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


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CINT AB

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


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GOOGLE ADVERTISING PRODUCTS

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


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GFK GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
User-provided data, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


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REVJET

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

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Cookie duration resets each session.


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PROTECTED MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses

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CLINCH LABS LTD

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


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ORACLE DATA CLOUD - MOAT

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data, IP addresses

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HEARTS AND SCIENCE MÜNCHEN GMBH

Cookie duration: 60 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

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Cookie duration resets each session.


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AMAZON ADVERTISING

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP
addresses, Privacy choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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MOLOCO, INC.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, IP addresses

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


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ADTRIBA GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy
choices, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


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OBJECTIVE PARTNERS BV

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers

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Cookie duration resets each session.


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ENSIGHTEN

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


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EBAY INC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Privacy
choices

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HURRA COMMUNICATIONS GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Precise location data,
Non-precise location data, Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Authentication-derived identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


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NETFLIX

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MACROMILL GROUP

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EBUILDERS

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APPLOVIN CORP.

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BDSK HANDELS GMBH & CO. KG

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DENTSU

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