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News > Medscape Medical News


PUMPING IRON IMPROVES LONGEVITY IN OLDER ADULTS

Nancy A. Melville

October 07, 2022

27
277



Older adults who take part in regular weightlifting — either with or without
moderate to vigorous aerobic activity — show significant reductions in all-cause
and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, with the strongest effects observed
when the two types of exercise are combined, new research shows.



"The novel finding from our study is that weightlifting is independently
associated with lower all-cause and CVD-specific mortality, regardless of
aerobic activity," first author Jessica Gorzelitz, PhD, told Medscape Medical
News.

Participants' physical aerobic activity was also assessed. Physical activity
guidelines (2018) recommend at least 150-300 minutes per week of
moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity or 75-150 minutes per week of
vigorous intensity aerobic activity or an equal combination of the two. Overall,
23.6% of participants reported activity that met the guideline for moderate to
vigorous physical activity, and 8% exceeded it.



Over a median follow-up of about 9 years, 28,477 deaths occurred.



Those reporting weightlifting had a 9% lower risk of combined all-cause
mortality and CVD mortality, after adjustment for any moderate to vigorous
physical activity (each hazard ratio [HR], 0.91).



Adults who met aerobic activity recommendations but did not weightlift had a 32%
lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.68), while those who also reported
weightlifting 1-2 times per week in addition to the aerobic activity had as much
as a 41% lower risk of death (HR, 0.59) compared with adults reporting no
moderate to vigorous aerobic activity or weightlifting.



The benefit of weightlifting in terms of cancer mortality was only observed
without adjustment for moderate to vigorous physical activity, and was therefore
considered null, which Gorzelitz noted was somewhat surprising. "We will examine
this association further because there could still be a signal there," she said,
noting other studies have shown that muscle strengthening activity is associated
with lower cancer-specific mortality.



Of note, the benefit of weightlifting appeared stronger in women versus men,
Gorzelitz said.




WHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS?

Underscoring that the results show only associations and not causation,
Gorzelitz speculated that mechanisms behind a mortality benefit could include
known favorable physiological changes of weightlifting.



"If people are weightlifting [to a degree] to reap strength benefits, we
generally see improvement in body composition, including reductions in fat and
improvements in lean tissue, and we know that those changes are associated with
mortality, so it could be that the weightlifting is driving the strength or body
composition," she said.



The full body response involved in weightlifting could also play a key role, she
noted.



With weightlifting, "the muscles have to redirect more blood flow, the heart is
pumping harder, the lungs breathe more and when the muscles are worked in that
fashion, there could be other system-wide adaptations," she said.



Furthermore, social aspects could play a role, Gorzelitz observed.



"Unlike muscle strengthening [activities] that can be done in the home setting,
weightlifting typically has to be done in recreational facilities or other
community centers, and considering that this is an older adult population, that
social interaction could be very key for preventing isolation."



Important limitations include that the study did not determine the nature of the
weightlifting, including the duration of the weightlifting sessions or type of
weight, which could feasibly range from small hand-held weights to heavier
weightlifting.



The study also couldn't show how long participants had engaged in weightlifting
in terms of months or years, hence, the duration needed to see a mortality
benefit was not established.



Nevertheless, the study's finding that the group with the lowest benefits was
the one reporting no aerobic or weightlifting exercise underscores the benefits
of even small amounts of exercise.



"I think it's really important to promote the importance of adding muscle
strengthening, but also of any physical activity," Gorzelitz said. "Start small,
but something is better than nothing."



The authors have reported no relevant financial relationships.



Br J Sports Med. Published online September 27, 2022. Abstract



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Cite this: Pumping Iron Improves Longevity in Older
Adults - Medscape - Oct 07, 2022.

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NANCY A. MELVILLE

Freelance writer, Medscape

Disclosure: Nancy A. Melville has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

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