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Docs Home → Develop Applications → MongoDB Manual


SECURITY CHECKLIST


This document provides a list of security measures that you should implement to
protect your MongoDB installation. The list is not meant to be exhaustive.


PRE-PRODUCTION CHECKLIST/CONSIDERATIONS



➤ ENABLE ACCESS CONTROL AND ENFORCE AUTHENTICATION


 * Enable access control and specify an authentication mechanism.
   
   MongoDB Community supports a number of authentication mechanisms that clients
   can use to verify their identity:
   
   * SCRAM (Default)
   
   * x.509 Certificate Authentication.
   
   In addition to the preceding mechanisms, MongoDB Atlas and MongoDB Enterprise
   support the following mechanisms:
   
   * LDAP proxy authentication, and
   
   * Kerberos authentication.
   
   These mechanisms allow MongoDB to integrate into your existing authentication
   system.


TIP


SEE ALSO:

 * Authentication

 * Enable Access Control


➤ CONFIGURE ROLE-BASED ACCESS CONTROL


 * Create a user administrator first, then create additional users. Create a
   unique MongoDB user for each person/application that accesses the system.

 * Follow the principle of least privilege. Create roles that define the exact
   access rights required by a set of users. Then create users and assign them
   only the roles they need to perform their operations. A user can be a person
   or a client application.
   
   
   NOTE
   
   A user can have privileges across different databases. If a user requires
   privileges on multiple databases, create a single user with roles that grant
   applicable database privileges instead of creating the user multiple times in
   different databases.


TIP


SEE ALSO:

 * Role-Based Access Control

 * Manage Users and Roles


➤ ENCRYPT COMMUNICATION (TLS/SSL)


 * Configure MongoDB to use TLS/SSL for all incoming and outgoing connections.
   Use TLS/SSL to encrypt communication between mongod and mongos components of
   a MongoDB deployment as well as between all applications and MongoDB.
   
   MongoDB uses the native TLS/SSL OS libraries:
   
   Platform
   TLS/SSL Library
   Windows
   Secure Channel (Schannel)
   Linux/BSD
   OpenSSL
   macOS
   Secure Transport


TIP


SEE ALSO:

Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL.


➤ ENCRYPT AND PROTECT DATA


 * You can encrypt data in the storage layer with the WiredTiger storage
   engine's native Encryption at Rest.

 * If you are not using WiredTiger's encryption at rest, MongoDB data should be
   encrypted on each host using file-system, device, or physical encryption (for
   example dm-crypt). You should also protect MongoDB data using file-system
   permissions. MongoDB data includes data files, configuration files, auditing
   logs, and key files.

 * You can use Queryable Encryption or Client-Side Field Level Encryption to
   encrypt fields in documents application-side prior to transmitting data over
   the wire to the server.

 * Collect logs to a central log store. These logs contain database
   authentication attempts including source IP addresses.


➤ LIMIT NETWORK EXPOSURE


 * Ensure that MongoDB runs in a trusted network environment and configure
   firewall or security groups to control inbound and outbound traffic for your
   MongoDB instances.

 * Disable direct SSH root access.

 * Allow only trusted clients to access the network interfaces and ports on
   which MongoDB instances are available.


TIP


SEE ALSO:

 * Network and Configuration Hardening

 * the net.bindIp configuration setting

 * the security.clusterIpSourceAllowlist configuration setting

 * the authenticationRestrictions field to the db.createUser() command to
   specify a per-user IP allow list.


➤ AUDIT SYSTEM ACTIVITY


 * Track access and changes to database configurations and data. MongoDB
   Enterprise includes a system auditing facility that can record system events
   (including user operations and connection events) on a MongoDB instance.
   These audit records permit forensic analysis and allow administrators to
   exercise proper controls. You can set up filters to record only specific
   events, such as authentication events.


TIP


SEE ALSO:

 * Auditing

 * Configure Auditing


➤ RUN MONGODB WITH A DEDICATED USER


 * Run MongoDB processes with a dedicated operating system user account. Ensure
   that the account has permissions to access data but no unnecessary
   permissions.


TIP


SEE ALSO:

Install MongoDB


➤ RUN MONGODB WITH SECURE CONFIGURATION OPTIONS


 * MongoDB supports the execution of JavaScript code for certain server-side
   operations: mapReduce, $where, $accumulator, and $function. If you do not use
   these operations, disable server-side scripting by using the --noscripting
   option.

 * Keep input validation enabled. MongoDB enables input validation by default
   through the net.wireObjectCheck setting. This ensures that all documents
   stored by the mongod instance are valid BSON.


➤ REQUEST A SECURITY TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE (WHERE APPLICABLE)


 * The Security Technical Implementation Guide (STIG) contains security
   guidelines for deployments within the United States Department of Defense.
   MongoDB Inc. provides its STIG, upon request.


➤ CONSIDER SECURITY STANDARDS COMPLIANCE


 * For applications requiring HIPAA or PCI-DSS compliance, please refer to the
   MongoDB Security Reference Architecture to learn more about how you can use
   MongoDB's key security capabilities to build compliant application
   infrastructure.


ANTIVIRUS AND ENDPOINT DETECTION AND RESPONSE SCANNING


If you use an antivirus (AV) scanner or an endpoint detection and response (EDR)
scanner, configure your scanner to exclude the database storage path and the
database log path from the scan.

The data files in the database storage path are compressed. Additionally, if you
use the encrypted storage engine, the data files are also encrypted. The I/O and
CPU costs to scan these files may significantly decrease performance without
providing any security benefits.

If you don't exclude the directories in your database storage path and database
log path, the scanner could quarantine or delete important files. Missing or
quarantined files can corrupt your database and crash your MongoDB instance.


PERIODIC/ONGOING PRODUCTION CHECKS


 * Periodically check for MongoDB Product CVE and upgrade your products .

 * Consult the MongoDB end of life dates and upgrade your MongoDB installation
   as needed. In general, try to stay on the latest version.

 * Ensure that your information security management system policies and
   procedures extend to your MongoDB installation, including performing the
   following:
   
   * Periodically apply patches to your machine.
   
   * Review policy/procedure changes, especially changes to your network rules
     to prevent inadvertent MongoDB exposure to the Internet.
   
   * Review MongoDB database users and periodically rotate them.


REPORT SUSPECTED SECURITY BUGS


If you suspect that you have identified a security bug in any MongoDB products,
please report the issue through the MongoDB Bug Submission Form.

←  SecurityEnable Access Control →

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