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News | Heart Failure | April 08, 2022


ELECTRONIC ALERT IMPROVES GUIDELINE ADHERENCE FOR HEART FAILURE TREATMENT

More patients receive the right medication when physicians receive health record
system alerts

> Image credit: Getty Images


April 8, 2022 – Physicians prescribed significantly more guideline-directed
medications for heart failure if they received a customized digital alert via an
electronic health record (EHR) system when inputting medical orders shortly
after seeing a patient, according to a study presented at the American College
of Cardiology’s 71st Annual Scientific Session.

The study, which met its primary endpoint of an increase in number of
guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) classes prescribed at 30 days
post-randomization, is the first randomized trial to show significant
improvements in the use of GDMT for heart failure using a low-cost, scalable
intervention to prompt clinicians to prescribe recommended medications.

“The results were quite remarkable,” said Tariq Ahmad, MD, chief of the Yale
Heart Failure Program at Yale School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Health and
the study’s lead author. “We were able to dramatically increase the number of
guideline-directed medical therapies used in a very rapid fashion.”

Heart failure is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes too weak to pump
blood effectively. Four types of medications, used together, have been shown to
significantly improve health outcomes for patients with heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), a type of heart failure in which the heart
does not squeeze as strongly as it should. However, the use of this therapy has
persistently remained low despite attempts to improve guideline adherence.

“There is a huge gap between our knowledge [on heart failure treatments] and the
implementation of this knowledge,” Ahmad said. “We felt that one of the reasons
why past trials have been negative is that they’re not integrated into the usual
clinical flow. When a clinician is seeing a patient, that is an opportune time
to remind them to put patients on the right medications.”

For the study, researchers consulted physicians and partnered with behavioral
economics experts to determine the precise moment in the clinical workflow when
an alert would be most useful. They then designed and programmed the Yale New
Haven Health Epic EHR system with the alert, which occurred when clinicians were
inputting follow-up orders after a patient visit. The alert listed the
medications and doses the patient had been prescribed along with what they
should be taking based on medical guidelines. Physicians could then easily
adjust the dosing or prescribe additional medications to fill any gaps during
the same patient visit.

To assess the alert’s impact, researchers enrolled 100 clinicians in the Yale
New Haven Health system who were seeing the greatest number of patients with
HFrEF. Half of the clinicians were assigned to begin receiving the Epic alerts
and half were not. The study ran for about seven months, during which the
enrolled physicians saw 1,310 patients with HFrEF.

After the trial, more than one-fourth of patients whose physicians received the
alerts had an increase in the number of guideline-directed medical therapy
classes prescribed, a significant improvement compared with patients whose
physicians did not receive alerts (just under 19% of whom had an increase in
their number of medications). This translates to one medication addition per
every 14 alerts received. Patients whose physicians received alerts were also
more likely to receive an increase in the dosage for medications they were
currently taking. In an evaluation, 80% of participating clinicians reported
finding the alerts to be “very helpful.”

The four medication types that were the focus of the study are beta blockers,
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs)/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), mineralocorticoid
receptor antagonist (MRA) medications and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2
inhibitors (SGLT2i). These medications, collectively known as the four pillars
of heart failure therapy, have been shown to work in complementary ways to
improve survival and quality of life for patients who have HFrEF.

Although the study did not assess clinical health outcomes, researchers said
that increasing the use of guideline-directed medications is highly likely to
lead to direct health improvements.

“Anything that increases use of these medications and dosing of these
medications has been definitively shown to improve medical outcomes,” Ahmad
said. “I have no question that if you were able to do this on a larger scale,
that it would lead to dramatic improvements in patient survival and reductions
in hospitalizations.”

Ahmad said the trial ran concurrently with a broader effort to encourage
guideline adherence for heart failure treatment across the health system. He
suggested the relative impact of implementing EHR alerts may be even greater in
the absence of such an effort.

The researchers plan to make the code for the alert system available to any
health systems that wish to use it. Noting that the Yale New Haven Health system
serves a patient population with a similar demographic profile to the U.S. as a
whole and that the Epic EHR system is the country’s most common EHR system,
Ahmad said the study results should be generalizable and feasible for other
health systems to implement on a large scale.

“Any facility or practice that has Epic would be able to do this very easily,”
Ahmad said. “If we could get this implemented across the country, we could
improve the use of these life-saving therapies very quickly.”

This study was simultaneously published online in the Journal of the American
College of Cardiology at the time of presentation. The study was funded by
AstraZeneca.

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