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 * JMIR Formative Research
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 * JMIR Formative Research
   * Journal of Medical Internet Research 8141 articles
   * JMIR Research Protocols 3752 articles
   * JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2581 articles
   * JMIR Formative Research 2419 articles
   * JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 1291 articles
   * JMIR Medical Informatics 1239 articles
   * JMIR Mental Health 954 articles
   * JMIR Human Factors 629 articles
   * JMIR Serious Games 541 articles
   * Iproceedings 510 articles
   * JMIR Medical Education 425 articles
   * Interactive Journal of Medical Research 347 articles
   * JMIR Cancer 330 articles
   * JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 327 articles
   * JMIRx Med 323 articles
   * JMIR Aging 321 articles
   * JMIR Dermatology 252 articles
   * JMIR Diabetes 237 articles
   * JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 236 articles
   * JMIR Cardio 169 articles
   * JMIR Infodemiology 123 articles
   * JMIR Perioperative Medicine 102 articles
   * JMIR Nursing 90 articles
   * Journal of Participatory Medicine 84 articles
   * JMIR Biomedical Engineering 76 articles
   * JMIR AI 60 articles
   * JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology 38 articles
   * Medicine 2.0 26 articles
   * Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 16 articles
   * JMIR Neurotechnology 13 articles
   * Online Journal of Public Health Informatics
   * JMIRx Bio
   * JMIR Data
   * JMIR Challenges
   * JMIR Preprints
   * JMIR XR and Spatial Computing


JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH

PROCESS EVALUATIONS, EARLY RESULTS, AND FEASIBILITY/PILOT STUDIES OF DIGITAL AND
NON-DIGITAL INTERVENTIONS

Editor-in-Chief:

Amaryllis Mavragani, Scientific Editor (Acting)


Impact Factor 2.2

JMIR Formative Research (JFR, ISSN 2561-326X, Impact Factor 2.2) publishes
peer-reviewed, openly accessible papers containing results from process
evaluations, feasibility/pilot studies and other kinds of formative research and
preliminary results. While the original focus was on the design of medical- and
health-related research and technology innovations, JFR publishes studies
from all areas of medical and health research.

Formative research is research that occurs before a program is designed and
implemented, or while a program is being conducted. Formative research can help

 * define and understand populations in need of an intervention or public health
   program
 * create programs that are specific to the needs of those populations
 * ensure programs are acceptable and feasible to users before launching
 * improve the relationship between users and agencies/research groups
 * demonstrate the feasibility, use, satisfaction with, or problems with a
   program before large-scale summative evaluation (looking at health outcomes)

Many funding agencies will expect some sort of pilot/feasibility/process
evaluation before funding a larger study such as a Randomized Controlled Trial
(RCT).

Formative research should be an integral part of developing or adapting programs
and should be used while the program is ongoing to help refine and improve
program activities. Thus, formative evaluation can and should also occur in the
form of a process evaluation alongside a summative evaluation such as an RCT.

JFR fills an important gap in the academic journals landscape, as it publishes
sound and peer-reviewed formative research that is critical for investigators to
apply for further funding, but that is usually not published in outcomes-focused
medical journals aiming for impact and generalizability.

Summative evaluations of programs and apps/software that have undergone a
thorough formative evaluation before launch have a better chance to be published
in high-impact flagship journals; thus, we encourage authors to submit - as a
first step - their formative evaluations in JFR (and their evaluation protocols
to JMIR Research Protocols). 

In 2023, JMIR Formative Research received an inaugural Journal Impact Factor™ of
2.2 (Source: Journal Citation Reports™ from Clarivate, 2023). JFR is indexed
in PubMed, PubMed Central, DOAJ, Scopus, and the Emerging Sources Citation Index
(Clarivate).

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"The impact our research received by publishing in JMIR has been unmatched."

Dr. Wasim Ahmed, PhD, Msc, BA (Hons)

Lecturer In Digital Business, Newcastle University Business School




RECENT ARTICLES


Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Machine Learning and Symptom Patterns in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy:
Web-Based Survey Study

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), a progressive spinal cord injury caused
by spinal cord compression from degenerative pathology, often presents with neck
pain, sensorimotor dysfunction in the upper or lower limbs, gait disturbance,
and bladder or bowel dysfunction. Its symptomatology is very heterogeneous,
making early detection as well as the measurement or understanding of the
underlying factors and their consequences challenging. Increasingly, evidence
suggests that DCM may consist of subgroups of the disease, which are yet to be
defined.


2024-01-25 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Pilot studies (ehealth)
An Initial Validation of Community-Based Air-Conduction Audiometry in Adults
With Simulated Hearing Impairment Using a New Web App, DigiBel: Validation Study

Approximately 80% of primary school children in the United States and Europe
experience glue ear, which may impair hearing at a critical time for speech
acquisition and social development. A web-based app, DigiBel, has been developed
primarily to identify individuals with conductive hearing impairment who may
benefit from the temporary use of bone-conduction assistive technology in the
community.


2024-01-25 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Improving Medical Photography in a Level 1 Trauma Center by Implementing a
Specialized Smartphone-Based App in Comparison to the Usage of Digital Cameras:
Prospective Panel Study

Medical photography plays a pivotal role in modern health care, serving multiple
purposes ranging from patient care to medical documentation and education.
Specifically, it aids in wound management, surgical planning, and medical
training. While digital cameras have traditionally been used, smartphones
equipped with specialized apps present an intriguing alternative. Smartphones
offer several advantages, including increased usability and efficiency and the
capability to uphold medicolegal standards more effectively and consistently.


2024-01-25 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Transfer of Knowledge on Pneumoconiosis Care Among Rural-Based Members of a
Digital Community of Practice: Cross-Sectional Study

Given the re-emergence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in Appalachia and
Mountain West United States, there is a tremendous need to train rural
professionals in its multidisciplinary management. Since 2016, the Miners’
Wellness TeleECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) Program held by the
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, and Miners’ Colfax Medical Center, Raton,
New Mexico, provides structured longitudinal multidisciplinary telementoring to
diverse professionals taking care of miners by creating a digital community of
practice. Program sessions emphasize active learning through discussion, rather
than didactic training. Professional stakeholder groups include respiratory
therapists, home health professionals, benefits counselors, lawyers or
attorneys, clinicians, and others. Rural-urban differences in knowledge transfer
in such a community of practice, however, remain unknown.


2024-01-24 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Demographics and Social Factors Associated With Persistent Nonuse of Video
Appointments at a Multisite Health Care Institution: Cross-Sectional Study

During the COVID-19 outbreak, video appointments became a popular method for
health care delivery, particularly in the early stages of the pandemic. Although
Mayo Clinic aimed to reduce face-to-face (F2F) appointments to prevent the
spread of the virus, some patients continued seeing their health care providers
in person. In the later stages of the pandemic, many patients became comfortable
with video appointments, even if they were initially hesitant. However, a subset
of patients continued to avoid video appointments. It is not yet clear what
sociodemographic factors may be associated with this group of patients.


2024-01-24 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Development and Evaluation of Research Methods, Instruments and Tools
Use of Machine Learning Tools in Evidence Synthesis of Tobacco Use Among Sexual
and Gender Diverse Populations: Algorithm Development and Validation

From 2016 to 2021, the volume of peer-reviewed publications related to tobacco
has experienced a significant increase. This presents a considerable challenge
in efficiently summarizing, synthesizing, and disseminating research findings,
especially when it comes to addressing specific target populations, such as the
LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, Two
Spirit, and other persons who identify as part of this community) populations.


2024-01-24 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
A Bluetooth-Enabled Device for Real-Time Detection of Sitting, Standing, and
Walking: Cross-Sectional Validation Study

This study assesses the accuracy of a Bluetooth-enabled prototype activity
tracker called the Sedentary behaviOR Detector (SORD) device in identifying
sedentary, standing, and walking behaviors in a group of adult participants.


2024-01-24 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Culturally Adapting the World Health Organization Digital Intervention for
Family Caregivers of People With Dementia (iSupport): Community-Based
Participatory Approach

Informal caregivers of people with dementia are at high risk of developing
mental and physical distress because of the intensity of the care provided.
iSupport is an evidence-based digital program developed by the World Health
Organization to provide education and support for the informal everyday care of
people living with dementia.


2024-01-24 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Experiences Among Patients With Cystic Fibrosis in the MucoExocet Study of Using
Connected Devices for the Management of Pulmonary Exacerbations: Grounded Theory
Qualitative Research

Early detection of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in patients with cystic
fibrosis is important to quickly trigger treatment and reduce respiratory
damage. An intervention was designed in the frame of the MucoExocet research
study providing patients with cystic fibrosis with connected devices and
educating them to detect and react to their early signs of PEx.


2024-01-23 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Pilot studies (ehealth)
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Smartphone-Based Real-Time Assessment of
Suicide Among Black Men: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Suicide rates in the United States have increased recently among Black men. To
address this public health crisis, smartphone-based ecological momentary
assessment (EMA) platforms are a promising way to collect dynamic, real-time
data that can help improve suicide prevention efforts. Despite the promise of
this methodology, little is known about its suitability in detecting experiences
related to suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) among Black men.


2024-01-22 |

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Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Virtual Exercise in Medicine: A Proof of Concept in a Healthy Population

Science is beginning to establish the benefits of the use of virtual reality
(VR) in health care. This therapeutic approach may be an appropriate
complementary treatment for some mental illnesses. It could prevent high levels
of morbidity and improve the physical health of patients. For many years, the
literature has shown the health benefits of physical exercise. Physical exercise
in a VR environment may improve the management of mild to moderate mental health
conditions. In this context, we developed a virtual environment combined with an
ergocycle (the augmented physical training for isolated and confined
environments [APTICE] system).


2024-01-22 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section
Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions
Development and Usability Testing of an mHealth Tool for Trauma-Informed
Prevention of Substance Use, HIV Acquisition, and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among
Adolescents: Mixed Methods Study

Youth who experience traumatic events are at a substantially higher risk of
engaging in substance use and sexual risk behaviors and problems (eg, HIV
acquisition) than their non–trauma-exposed counterparts. Evidence-based
substance use and risky sexual behavior prevention may reduce the risk of these
outcomes. Trauma-focused mental health treatment provides a window of
opportunity for the implementation of such preventive work with these youth.
However, overburdened clinicians face challenges in adding prevention content
while implementing evidence-based treatments. Mobile health (mHealth) tools can
help reduce this burden in delivering prevention curricula. Trauma-Informed
Prevention for Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior (TIPS) is an mHealth app
that was developed to aid trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)
clinicians in the implementation of an evidence-based risk behavior prevention
curriculum.


2024-01-18 |

Skip recent articles and go to articles open for peer-review section


PREPRINTS OPEN FOR PEER-REVIEW


2024-01-24 |
Utilizing Public Databases for Prognostic Classification in Hepatocellular
Carcinoma Amidst Clinical Data Lacking: A Robust Multi-Omics Study

Open Peer Review Period:

January 24, 2024 - March 20, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2024-01-21 |
Harnessing innovative technologies to train nurses in suicide safety planning
with hospital patients: Findings from a formative evaluation of an eLearning
continuing education training

Open Peer Review Period:

January 22, 2024 - March 18, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2024-01-19 |
Lessons learned from a sequential mixed-mode survey design to recruit and
collect data from case-control study participants: Usability study

Open Peer Review Period:

January 19, 2024 - March 15, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2024-01-17 |
The Role of Digital Health Literacy on Use of Patient Portals: A Cross-sectional
Survey Based on the Technology Acceptance Model

Open Peer Review Period:

January 18, 2024 - March 14, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2023-12-29 |
Study on Competitive Strategies of Internet Hospitals Based on Porter's Five
Forces Model: The Case of an Internet Hospital in Tianjin China

Open Peer Review Period:

January 18, 2024 - March 14, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2024-01-15 |
The Development of “Mamá, Te Entiendo”: a Web App Intervention to Alleviate
Postpartum Depression Symptoms in Chilean Women

Open Peer Review Period:

January 15, 2024 - March 11, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2024-01-13 |
Exploring the Impact of Self-Care Program on Anxiety, Loneliness and
Satisfaction with Life in High School Community: Results from a Randomized
Survey Study

Open Peer Review Period:

January 13, 2024 - March 09, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2023-12-29 |
Chest X-Rays Done as Part of Hospital at Home Service Demonstrate Significant
Consensus Between Imaging Specialists, Internal Medicine Specialists and
Artificial Intelligence. A Prospective study of 260 Patients.

Open Peer Review Period:

January 12, 2024 - March 08, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2024-01-02 |
Factors associated with prompted smartphone-based survey completion and message
viewing in smokers initially unready to quit

Open Peer Review Period:

January 10, 2024 - March 06, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2023-12-22 |
Information and Communication Technologies for chronic pain: A survey to explore
the perception of people diagnosed with fibromyalgia

Open Peer Review Period:

January 08, 2024 - March 04, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2024-01-03 |
The Influence of TikTok on Body Satisfaction among Gen-Z: Combination of
Quantitative and Qualitative Approach

Open Peer Review Period:

January 03, 2024 - February 28, 2024

Peer-Review Me
2023-12-20 |
Online Public Attention of Urinary incontinence in Mainland China

Open Peer Review Period:

December 25, 2023 - February 19, 2024

Peer-Review Me
View All Open Peer Review Preprints


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