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1. /
2. Knowledge Center/
3. How can I utilize user data to automatically run a script with every restart
of my Amazon EC2 Linux instance?/

HOW CAN I UTILIZE USER DATA TO AUTOMATICALLY RUN A SCRIPT WITH EVERY RESTART OF
MY AMAZON EC2 LINUX INSTANCE?

3 minute read
2

I want to utilize user data to run a script every time my Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance is restarted. How can I do that?

SHORT DESCRIPTION

By default, user data scripts and cloud-init directives run only during the
first boot cycle when an EC2 instance is launched. However, you can configure
your user data script and cloud-init directives with a mime multi-part file. A
mime multi-part file allows your script to override how frequently user data is
run in the cloud-init package. Then, the file runs the user script. For more
information on mime multi-part files, see Mime Multi Part Archive on the
cloud-init website.

Note: It's a best practice to create a snapshot of your instance before
proceeding with the following resolution.

RESOLUTION

Warning: Before starting this procedure, review the following:

* Stopping and starting the instance erases any data on instance store volumes.
Be sure that you back up any data on the instance store volumes that you want
to keep. For more information, see Determine the root device type of your
AMI.
* If your EC2 instance has an auto-assigned public IPv4 address, then stopping
and starting the instance causes the IPv4 address to change. If you need the
instance to have a static public IPv4 address, consider using an Elastic IP
address. Elastic IP addresses persist after an instance stop and start.

1. Make sure that the latest version of cloud-init is installed and
functioning properly on your EC2 instance.

2. For security reasons, create an IAM policy to restrict the users who are
allowed to add or remove user data through the ModifyInstanceAttribute API.

3. Open the Amazon EC2 console.

4. Stop your instance.

5. Choose Actions, choose Instance Settings, and then choose Edit User Data.

6. Copy your user script into the Edit user data box, and then choose Save.

The following example is a shell script that writes "Hello World" to a
testfile.txt file in a /tmp directory.

Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="//"
MIME-Version: 1.0

--//
Content-Type: text/cloud-config; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="cloud-config.txt"

#cloud-config
cloud_final_modules:
- [scripts-user, always]

--//
Content-Type: text/x-shellscript; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="userdata.txt"

#!/bin/bash
/bin/echo "Hello World" >> /tmp/testfile.txt
--//--

By default, cloud-init allows only one content type in user data at a time.
However, this example shows both text/cloud-config and text/x-shellscript
content-types in a mime-multi part file.

The text/cloud-config content type overrides how frequently user data is run in
the cloud-init package by setting the SCRIPTS-USER parameter to ALWAYS.

The text/x-shellscript content type provides the actual user script to be run by
the cloud-init cloud_final_modules module. In this example, there is only one
line to be run, which is /bin/echo "Hello World." >> /tmp/testfile.txt.

Note: Replace the line /bin/echo "Hello World." >> /tmp/testfile.txt with the
shell script that you want to run during the instance boot.

7. Start your EC2 instance again, and validate that your script runs
correctly.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RELATED INFORMATION

Run commands on your Linux instance at launch

Run commands on your Windows instance at launch

AWS Systems Manager Automation

User-Data Formats

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Topics
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repost.aws Open in urlscan Pro 13.224.189.55 Public Scan

Form analysis 1 forms found in the DOM

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repost.aws Open in urlscan Pro
13.224.189.55 Public Scan

Form analysis
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