ushudcooperative.com

Summary

This website contacted 2 IPs in 1 countries across 2 domains to perform 7 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 2606:4700:3033::6815:349e, located in United States and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is ushudcooperative.com.
TLS certificate: Issued by E5 on October 23rd 2024. Valid for: 3 months.

This is the only time ushudcooperative.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
1 1	44.230.85.241 44.230.85.241	16509 (AMAZON-02) (AMAZON-02)
2	2606:4700:303... 2606:4700:3033::6815:349e	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
1 6	172.67.201.37 172.67.201.37	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
7	2

1 44.230.85.241 (Boardman, United States) 1 redirects

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)
PTR: ec2-44-230-85-241.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com

ushudcoperativenetwork.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 2606:4700:3033::6815:349e (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

ushudcooperative.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

6 172.67.201.37 (United States) 1 redirects

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

ushudcooperative.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
8	ushudcooperative.com 1 redirects ushudcooperative.com	21 KB
1	ushudcoperativenetwork.com 1 redirects ushudcoperativenetwork.com	294 B
7	2

	Domain	Requested by
8	ushudcooperative.com	1 redirects ushudcooperative.com
1	ushudcoperativenetwork.com	1 redirects
7	2

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
www.cloudflare.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
ushudcooperative.com E5	`2024-10-23` - `2025-01-21`	3 months	crt.sh

This page contains 2 frames:

Primary Page: https://ushudcooperative.com/
Frame ID: CB067907F5AE57AE2860C322143DBD5D
Requests: 5 HTTP requests in this frame

Frame: https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/scripts/jsd/787bc399e22f/main.js
Frame ID: 58C43A6C8CE8936C7E27CD608C4B7A60
Requests: 2 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Attention Required! | Cloudflare

Page URL History Show full URLs

https://ushudcoperativenetwork.com/ HTTP 307
https://ushudcooperative.com/ Page URL

Page Statistics

7
Requests

86 %
HTTPS

33 %
IPv6

2
Domains

2
Subdomains

2
IPs

1
Countries

20 kB
Transfer

46 kB
Size

1
Cookies

1 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://www.cloudflare.com/5xx-error-landing
Title: Cloudflare

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

https://ushudcoperativenetwork.com/ HTTP 307
https://ushudcooperative.com/ Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 1

https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js HTTP 302
https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/scripts/jsd/787bc399e22f/main.js

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H2

403

Primary Request / Show response
ushudcooperative.com/
Redirect Chain

https://ushudcoperativenetwork.com/
https://ushudcooperative.com/

5 KB
3 KB

46ms
12ms

Document
text/html

2606:4700:3033::6815:349e
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://ushudcooperative.com/

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700:3033::6815:349e , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

180126aa62953717e16bb467553e8d5fe46f698d1aa239a5d78b396cad217949

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
cache-control: max-age=15
cf-ray: 8f559d053bfdd40e-FRA
content-encoding: zstd
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
expires: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:58 GMT
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
referrer-policy: same-origin
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=ymahmgWS9KifAtlS0ft87hxpuVNuo7R1GHInq%2BXMVtLP%2Fo8TCQrUlcnxJt5yF3oZ3nCX324cqe0hDXPLpM55nd322OgtPllOvcfFYqqwXq%2BA3Yb0Hfbe%2Fy54dLrD9GQUDGLEwAg%2BZU6kbsWCmgDbreSxyQ%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server: cloudflare
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=5826&min_rtt=5767&rtt_var=1004&sent=7&recv=11&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=3936&recv_bytes=2325&delivery_rate=676367&cwnd=253&unsent_bytes=0&cid=88682b5d22a9f616&ts=18&x=0"
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN

Redirect headers

content-length: 168
content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
location: https://ushudcooperative.com/
server: openresty
x-frame-options: sameorigin

GET
H2 200 cf.errors.css
ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/styles/ 23 KB
5 KB 9ms
8ms Stylesheet
text/css 2606:4700:3033::6815:349e
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/styles/cf.errors.css

Requested by

Host: ushudcooperative.com
URL: https://ushudcooperative.com/

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700:3033::6815:349e , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

84e3c77025ace5af143972b4a40fc834dcdfd4e449d4b36a57e62326f16b3091

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	DENY

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://ushudcooperative.com/

Response headers

vary: Accept-Encoding
cache-control: max-age=7200, public
content-encoding: gzip
etag: W/"675fc4ac-5df3"
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-ray: 8f559d055c20d40e-FRA
expires: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 07:53:43 GMT
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
content-type: text/css
last-modified: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 06:11:56 GMT
server: cloudflare
x-frame-options: DENY

GET
H3

200

main.js Show response
ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/scripts/jsd/787bc399e22f/ Frame 58C4
Redirect Chain

https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/scripts/jsd/787bc399e22f/main.js?

9 KB
5 KB

18ms
18ms

Script
application/javascript

172.67.201.37
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/scripts/jsd/787bc399e22f/main.js?

Protocol

H3

Server

172.67.201.37 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

73252fcf8cdda583e48030eaddec5a0d03d827c4632bf1964988c24f0052d12d

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer

Response headers

cache-control: max-age=14400, stale-if-error=10800, stale-while-revalidate=10800, public
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-encoding: zstd
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=5FeX31tzHcRuef5ehYXa%2BY4%2FmV8A06rohhjwXj5z06V9uDqcT5VrYmlO%2B3m9fMgXRjA%2FbPNYgWddUNJ34HjOR0kFusRCBfeVQ5E8zR3krcivwxcy4RlbiIAeSB2FI2oflhG0bExCdg%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-ray: 8f559d05ac73dbdb-FRA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=QUIC&rtt=13265&min_rtt=12292&rtt_var=2641&sent=20&recv=16&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=9357&recv_bytes=5859&delivery_rate=47345&cwnd=12000&unsent_bytes=0&cid=05f586e4bd8b74fc&ts=51&x=1", cfExtPri, cfHdrFlush;dur=0
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
content-type: application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
server: cloudflare
priority: u=3,i=?0

Redirect headers

cache-control: max-age=300, stale-if-error=10800, stale-while-revalidate=10800, public
location: /cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/scripts/jsd/787bc399e22f/main.js?
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=CXNwZXu95UCLuf4e3fx3zZB02q6UuZUyNL%2BmN37PSKiE%2BrTCPynGKGHdPN9w554rF6aqlxBX%2BqOJiirsg04XkcUAxom0cu%2FC1Dp8nw%2FDwyVF9UY%2FouOywCrt6eTv0DmvMtRfGMkS0A%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cf-ray: 8f559d058c31dbdb-FRA
access-control-allow-origin: *
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length: 0
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=QUIC&rtt=12414&min_rtt=12292&rtt_var=2692&sent=17&recv=11&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=8578&recv_bytes=5095&delivery_rate=47345&cwnd=12000&unsent_bytes=0&cid=05f586e4bd8b74fc&ts=33&x=1", cfExtPri, cfHdrFlush;dur=0
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
vary: Accept-Encoding
server: cloudflare
priority: u=3,i=?0

GET
H3 200 browser-bar.png
ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/images/ 715 B
933 B 14ms
14ms Image
image/png 172.67.201.37
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/images/browser-bar.png?1376755637

Requested by

Host: ushudcooperative.com
URL: https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/styles/cf.errors.css

Protocol

H3

Security

QUIC, , AES_128_GCM

Server

172.67.201.37 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

8c873472f4925d5d47521db4d52532d2983e9cb1bde8b43143a6cc6db56c35db

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	DENY

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/styles/cf.errors.css

Response headers

vary: Accept-Encoding
cache-control: max-age=7200, public
etag: "675fc4ac-2cb"
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-ray: 8f559d058c33dbdb-FRA
expires: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 07:53:43 GMT
accept-ranges: bytes
content-length: 715
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
content-type: image/png
last-modified: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 06:11:56 GMT
server: cloudflare
x-frame-options: DENY

GET
H3 200 cf-no-screenshot-error.png
ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/images/ 3 KB
3 KB 15ms
15ms Image
image/png 172.67.201.37
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/images/cf-no-screenshot-error.png

Requested by

Host: ushudcooperative.com
URL: https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/styles/cf.errors.css

Protocol

H3

Security

QUIC, , AES_128_GCM

Server

172.67.201.37 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

1c53772285052e52bb7c12ad46a85a55747ed7bf66963fe1993fcef91ff5b0d0

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	DENY

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/styles/cf.errors.css

Response headers

vary: Accept-Encoding
cache-control: max-age=7200, public
etag: "675fc4ac-c8d"
x-content-type-options: nosniff
cf-ray: 8f559d058c34dbdb-FRA
expires: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 07:53:43 GMT
accept-ranges: bytes
content-length: 3213
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
content-type: image/png
last-modified: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 06:11:56 GMT
server: cloudflare
x-frame-options: DENY

GET
H3 403 favicon.ico
ushudcooperative.com/ 4 KB
2 KB 20ms
19ms Other
text/html 172.67.201.37
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://ushudcooperative.com/favicon.ico

Protocol

H3

Security

QUIC, , AES_128_GCM

Server

172.67.201.37 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

8d2ea9b0d3af3c6b75eb575c1a95c3583d7e159de72d4400b887c2ab327db48d

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://ushudcooperative.com/

Response headers

cache-control: max-age=15
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-encoding: zstd
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=n%2BhIXZeEtGEQgWyaMQyjHYc2Im77dZeuHyz2nyh6aRxTy7iL%2FTruhe98t6niCb8aQI7kddEvhgyXrYteKgTOpfikcyLvOwbVwIa1Y2ed%2FJo1%2FLJaFqy%2Fib2d4ULf%2BrUMC78f62lRaQ%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
referrer-policy: same-origin
cf-ray: 8f559d05ac75dbdb-FRA
expires: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:58 GMT
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=QUIC&rtt=13265&min_rtt=12292&rtt_var=2641&sent=25&recv=16&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=14331&recv_bytes=5859&delivery_rate=47345&cwnd=12000&unsent_bytes=0&cid=05f586e4bd8b74fc&ts=52&x=1", cfExtPri, cfHdrFlush;dur=0
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
server: cloudflare
priority: u=1,i
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN

POST
H3 200 8f559d053bfdd40e Show response
ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/jsd/r/ Frame 58C4 0
1 KB 23ms
20ms XHR
text/plain 172.67.201.37
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/jsd/r/8f559d053bfdd40e
Requested by: Host: ushudcooperative.com
URL: https://ushudcooperative.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
Protocol: H3
Security: QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server: 172.67.201.37 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json
Referer

Response headers

nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=CtVBkJoayEkLXTSsauNq5JCnh8ILS%2FELeYoK2nSLLUzrrhKwzFct6HKgdr0HeOQbSZIijusYH5ft9EInHFQwncSCyv2dJlLH%2Bb6NaYqtbcKIg3B2Q5NnSjM0uUtmv%2BRwuiPVBNhO%2Fg%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cf-ray: 8f559d061cfbdbdb-FRA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=QUIC&rtt=15143&min_rtt=12292&rtt_var=3632&sent=32&recv=35&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=17041&recv_bytes=23136&delivery_rate=470305&cwnd=12000&unsent_bytes=0&cid=05f586e4bd8b74fc&ts=132&x=1", cfExtPri, cfHdrFlush;dur=0
content-length: 0
date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 05:53:43 GMT
content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
server: cloudflare
priority: u=1,i

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

2 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

object| 0 object| _cf_translation

1 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			.ushudcooperative.com/	1970-01-21 10:38:16	Name: cf_clearance Value: NXEp4jhqus6C1AcVaq4x_EVHBauDbEj3tnoThocMbOU-1734760423-1.2.1.1-DdOaOj981_iHJeLOrk7sEHjDPOZnkNaRKYDM3I_zLVHObHqxsI1h5wUvi2bKHpWETu7u03KyJr675Mp6_jiPblDVfii.MyIO_qt1R5YnPw4BMk2vgiL4wAdgS6f__tz9nxJt0S_2oGhrUOs1XI1EgNpcpExDxKdeFFDRKxB4Zm0YaR07F2DZEdoT00MeXhND0C0bQEG.LzX.bgwFyoEZ7Kk9BC1JyYkRWSOAsNch0sJeu7MAGg8qLu0iL8EyhDVZDN_GnuyU_ekhFR173aKq3fuy1bwqjFGSKEZTqCje2Lk54NziMq3ECSZMA3BrPGdX.qutNaK6vJrlqxvxXeEFxvwMJWK28ct6v72hmHGPCspqbk6YXn5by_HVn2GZn5S1

2 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
network	error	URL: https://ushudcooperative.com/ Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
network	error	URL: https://ushudcooperative.com/favicon.ico Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

ushudcooperative.com
ushudcoperativenetwork.com
172.67.201.37
2606:4700:3033::6815:349e
44.230.85.241
180126aa62953717e16bb467553e8d5fe46f698d1aa239a5d78b396cad217949
1c53772285052e52bb7c12ad46a85a55747ed7bf66963fe1993fcef91ff5b0d0
73252fcf8cdda583e48030eaddec5a0d03d827c4632bf1964988c24f0052d12d
84e3c77025ace5af143972b4a40fc834dcdfd4e449d4b36a57e62326f16b3091
8c873472f4925d5d47521db4d52532d2983e9cb1bde8b43143a6cc6db56c35db
8d2ea9b0d3af3c6b75eb575c1a95c3583d7e159de72d4400b887c2ab327db48d
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

ushudcooperative.com Open in urlscan Pro 2606:4700:3033::6815:349e Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page URL History Show full URLs

Page Statistics

7 Requests

86 %HTTPS

33 %IPv6

2 Domains

2 Subdomains

2 IPs

1 Countries

20 kBTransfer

46 kBSize

1 Cookies

1 Outgoing links

Page URL History

Redirected requests

7 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

2 JavaScript Global Variables

1 Cookies

2 Console Messages

Security Headers

Indicators

ushudcooperative.com Open in urlscan Pro
2606:4700:3033::6815:349e Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

7
Requests

86 %
HTTPS

33 %
IPv6

2
Domains

2
Subdomains

2
IPs

1
Countries

20 kB
Transfer

46 kB
Size

1
Cookies

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions