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CRYPTO GLOSSARY - ONLINE EDUCATION PLATFORM

Crypto Glossary is an educational platform where you can find commonly used
terminology, slangs, memes, specific names and everything that might occur in
your journey through crypto world.


ADDRESS

Address is a place where cryptocurrency can be sent to and from, in the form of
a string of letters and numbers. A cryptocurrency address can be shared publicly
in the form of text or QR code to those who want to send you cryptocurrency.


AIRDROP

Airdrop is a marketing campaign that distributes a specific cryptocurrency or
token to an audience. It is usually initiated by the creator of a cryptocurrency
in order to encourage the use and build the popularity of the coin or token.
Most airdrop campaigns run with mechanics such as receiving coins or tokens in
exchange for simple tasks like sharing news, referring friends, or downloading
an app.


ALGORITHM

Algorithm is a process or set of rules to be followed in problem-solving or
calculation operations, usually by a computer, although humans tend to follow
steps algorithmically as well (let’s say doing math or following a recipe).


ALL TIME LOW (ATL)

An All-Time Low (ATL), or a record low is the lowest price yet since a financial
instrument was unveiled. All-time lows can be recorded per year, month, per
week, or day. For Bitcoin, ATLs usually follow bad news about the coin or waning
interest from holders and users.


ALPHA

A software development team often works to release its product in stages. A
common practice is to solicit input and advice from a community, such that
ideas, suggestions, and improvements can be shared and incorporated before a
final product is released to the general public.


ALTCOIN

Altcoin is the term given to describe alternative digital assets, such as a coin
or token that is not Bitcoin. This nomenclature comes from the idea that Bitcoin
is the original cryptocurrency and that all others are then considered
“alternate” or “alternative” coins.




AML

Anti-money laundering (AML) is a broad term for laws and regulations put in
place to prevent criminals from making money illegally or moving illicit funds.
While many illegal activities are targeted by AML laws, some of the most
important are tax evasion, public corruption, and market manipulation through
methods such as wash trading.


ANARCHO-CAPITALISM

A political philosophy and school of thought that believes in removing
centralized states in favor of self-ownership, private property and free
markets. Many of the early adopters of Bitcoin were proponents of
anarcho-capitalism, believing it would give power and control back to the
masses.


ANGEL INVESTOR

Angel Investor Also called a seed or private investor, angel investors actively
seek out opportunities to provide funding for entrepreneurs or start-up
companies. They are often individuals with high net worth who are seeking new
methods of expanding their wealth while simultaneously helping to launch an up
and coming venture.


API

API stands for Application Programming Interface. It is a set of routines,
protocols, and tools for building software applications. APIs specify how
software components should interact, such as what data to use and what actions
should be taken.


ARBITRAGE

A practice of taking advantage of differences in price of the same commodity in
two or more markets or exchanges. For example, cryptocurrency prices on Korean
exchanges can be different from those on US exchanges. An arbitrage trader would
be in both markets in order to buy in one and sell in another for profit.


ASHDRAKED

A situation where you lose all your money, more specifically when you lose all
your money shorting Bitcoin. This was based on a story of a Romanian trader who
continued to short BTC when it went from $300 to $500, since he had made a lot
of profit doing so historically. Adapt your trading strategy!


ASIC

Short for ‘Application Specific Integrated Circuit’; it is a mining equipment
that is used specifically to mine a certain cryptocurrency. Often compared to
GPUs, ASICs are specially created and bought for mining purposes and offer
significant efficiency improvements and power savings due to its narrow use
case.


ASTROTURFING

A deceptive practice where a sponsor is masked or hidden, making it seem as
though a marketing message came from and is strongly supported by the community
when it is not.


ATH

The term “All-Time High” relates to the highest price that an asset has achieved
on an exchange, for the current trading pair that is being referenced. For
example, if a share of stock in XZY Corp comes to IPO at a price of $5 per
share, then trades as high as $20 per share, before falling to $10 in a certain
period of time, we could say that the “All-Time High” for the XZY Corp share
price was $20.


ATOMIC SWAP

Atomic swap is a technology based on smart contracts that enables the exchange
of different cryptocurrencies without the need for a centralized market or other
intermediaries. Also known as atomic cross-chain trading, atomic swaps involve
the trade of one cryptocurrency to another, even if they are running in
different blockchain networks.


ATTACK 51%

If more than half the computer power or mining hash rate on a network is run by
a single person or a single group of people, then a 51% attack is in operation.
This means that this entity has full control of the network and can negatively
affect a cryptocurrency by taking over mining operations, stopping or changing
transactions, and double-spending (reusing) coins.


ATTESTATION LEDGER

An attestation ledger is an account book designed to provide evidence of
individual transactions. It is generally used to “attest” that a financial
transaction took place, or to prove authenticity of transactions or products.


BAG

In the crypto space, the word bag refers to the coins, and tokens one is holding
as part of their portfolio. Typically, the term is used to describe a
significant amount of a particular cryptocurrency. There is no defined minimum,
but when the value is relatively high, one could say they are holding “heavy
bags” of a certain coin or token.


BAGHOLDER

A person who holds large quantities, or bags, of a cryptocurrency. Often used to
describe such a person when the price of that cryptocurrency is declining.


BEAR MARKET

The term bear market refers to a negative trend in the prices of a market. It is
widely used not only in the cryptocurrency space but also in the traditional
markets, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, and commodities markets.


BEAR TRAP

A technique played by a group of traders, aimed at manipulating the price of a
cryptocurrency. The bear trap is set by selling a large amount of the same
cryptocurrency at the same time, fooling the market into thinking there is an
upcoming price decline.


BITCOIN

Bitcoin is a digital form of money that runs on a distributed network of
computers "nodes". In a broader sense, though, many people often use the word
Bitcoin to refer to a few different things: a digital currency, a decentralized
public ledger, a protocol, or simply the big ecosystem that encompasses all of
these.


BITCOIN ATM "BTM"

A machine from which you can Buy or Sell Bitcoin and get Cash. Example: BTC to
USD, BTC to EUR, etc.

At the moment in the world are 7586+ active bitcoin ATM machine


BITCOIN HALVING

Bitcoin Halving is an event that occurs approximately every four years and
prevents coin inflation while halving the reward for miners for a mined block.


BITCOIN IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL "BIP"

Bitcoin Improvement Proposal is A technical design document providing
information to the Bitcoin community, describing new proposed features,
processes or environments affecting the Bitcoin protocol. Suggested changes to
the protocol are submitted as a BIP. The BIP author is responsible for
soliciting feedback and consensus for his or her suggested improvements within
the community and documenting dissenting opinions.


BITLICENSE

A business license issued to cryptocurrency companies in New York, created and
provided by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS).


BITS

Bits is a sub-unit of one bitcoin. Any form of money needs to be easily broken
down into sub-units to allow an equal exchange for goods or services. And
bitcoin is wonderfully divisible, with its smallest unit being the tiny
0.00000001 of a bitcoin – a unit known as a ‘satoshi’. There are 1,000,000 bits
in one bitcoin.


BLOCK

A container or collection of transactions occurring every time period on a
blockchain. In short, the term block refers to computer files that store
transaction data. These blocks are arranged in a linear sequence that forms an
endless chain of blocks - hence, the term blockchain.


BLOCK EXPLORER

An online tool to view all transactions that have taken place on the blockchain,
network hash rate, and transaction growth, among other useful information. In
short, a block explorer is a tool that provides detailed analytics about a
blockchain network since its first day at the genesis block. We can say a block
explorer acts as a search engine and browser where users can find information
about individual blocks, public addresses, and transactions associated with a
specific cryptocurrency.


BLOCK HEIGHT

The number of blocks preceding the block in question on the blockchain, or can
be thought of as total blocks in the chain before this point.


BLOCK REWARD

An incentive for a miner who successfully calculates a valid hash in a block
during mining. By contributing to the security and liveness of the chain, the
miner is rewarded with this incentive, ensuring that miners continue to act in
the best interest of the blockchain by legitimately taking part in the process
(instead of hacking it).


BLOCKCHAIN

A blockchain is a continuously growing, append-only, list of records called
blocks, which are linked and secured using cryptography.


BOLLINGER BAND

A tool developed by Bollinger to help in the recognition of systemic pattern
recognition in prices; it is a band that is plotted two standard deviations away
from the simple moving average, or exponential moving average in some cases.


BOTS

Automated trading software bots that execute trade orders extremely quickly,
based on a preset algorithm of buy-and-sell rules.


BRUTE FORCE ATTACK "BFA"

Brute Force Attack is a method of trial-and-error, in which automated software
generates and tries a large number of possible combinations in order to crack a
code or key.


BUBBLE

A bubble describes a situation where market participants drive prices up above
their value, which is usually followed by a steep, rapid drop in prices as the
market corrects.


BUG BOUNTY

A reward offered for finding vulnerabilities and issues in computer code. It is
often offered by cryptocurrency companies like protocols, exchanges and wallets
to identify potential security breaches or bugs before they are exploited by
unfriendly parties.


BULL MARKET

The term bull market refers to a positive trend in the prices of a market. It is
broadly used not only in the cryptocurrency space but also in the traditional
markets. In short, a bull market concerns to a strong market uptrend that
presents meaningful rising prices over a relatively short period of time. When
compared to traditional markets, cryptocurrency markets are smaller and
consequently more volatile. Therefore, it is quite common to see strong and
consistent bull runs, where a 40% price increase in 1 or 2 days is quite common.


BULL TRAP

A false market signal where the declining trend of an asset appears to be on the
upturn, but does not actually materialize, leading bulls to lose money after
going long.


BURNED

When a coin or token has been made permanently unspendable or unusable.


BUY THE F**** DIP - BTD / BTFD

Buy The F**** Dip an enthusiastic exclamation by supporters of a cryptocurrency
to buy while prices are at a low point.


BUY WALL

A situation where a large limit order has been placed to buy when a
cryptocurrency reaches a certain value. This can sometimes be used by traders to
create a certain impression in the market, preventing a cryptocurrency from
falling below that value, as demand will likely outstrip supply when the order
is executed.


BYZANTINE FAULT TOLERANCE "BFT"

Byzantine Fault Tolerance is a property of fault-tolerant distributed computing
systems, reaching consensus through a mechanism, where components may fail and
there may be imperfect information. For example, Bitcoin is Byzantine Fault
Tolerant, utilizing the Proof-of-Work system to reach a consensus on the
blockchain. Its applications are beyond blockchain, including messaging and
networking systems, among others.


BYZANTINE GENERALS PROBLEM

Byzantine Generals Problem is a situation where communication that requires
consensus on a single strategy from all members within a group or party cannot
be trusted or verified. An example of this agreement problem is where a group of
generals, encircled around a city, must decide whether to attack or retreat.
Every general must agree to attack or retreat, or everyone will be worse off.
Some generals may be treacherous, voting falsely, and messengers may deliver
false votes. Under these circumstances, a consensus must be reached. In
cryptocurrency, when network participants post false or inaccurate information
to others about transactions taking place, it could lead to network failure.


CANDLESTICKS

Candlesticks is a graphing technique used to show changes in price over time.
Each candle provides 4 points of information: opening price, closing price,
high, and low. Also known as “candles” for short.


CASH

Cash is physical form of a currency, such as banknotes or coins.


CENTRAL LEDGER

A ledger maintained by a centralized agency (such as a bank) that records all
financial transactions.


CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Central Processing Unit, also known as a processor or CPU, is defined as the
“brains” of the computer, coordinating different components running on a
computer. CPU clock speed is measured in gigahertz or GHz for short.


CENTRALIZED

The concept of centralization relates to the distribution of power and authority
in an organization or a network. When a system is centralized, it means that the
planning and decision-making mechanisms are concentrated at a particular point
within the system.


CHAIN SPLIT

Chain Split is another term used to describe Fork and is accordingly a situation
where a blockchain splits into two separate chains. Chain Splits generally
happen in the crypto world when new governance rules are built into the
blockchain’s code.


CHANGE

Bitcoin transactions are made up of inputs and outputs, in a system called
Unspent Transaction Output. When you send bitcoins, you can only send them in a
whole output, and the rest are sent back as change.


CHARGEBACK

A demand made by a credit-card provider for a retailer to make good on the loss
on a fraudulent or disputed transaction, reversing said payment or money
transfer after it was authorized.


CIPHER

The name given to the algorithm that encrypts and decrypts information.


CIRCULATING SUPPLY

The best approximation of the number of coins that are circulating in the market
and in the general public’s hands.


CLIENT

Software that can access and process blockchain transactions on a local
computer. A common application of this is a cryptocurrency software wallet.


CLOSE

Refers to the closing price; similar to the same term used in financial stocks.


CLOUD MINING

Mining with remote processing power rented from companies operating outfits in
countries like Iceland, where the electricity is abundant and cost-efficient,
and the ambient temperature is cold year-round. Another term for this is mining
contract.


CO-SIGNER

A person or entity that has partial control and access over a cryptocurrency
wallet.


COIN

Coin is a cryptocurrency or digital cash that is independent of any other
blockchain or platform. The key feature of a coin is that of a currency, and the
term may also be used to describe a cryptocurrency asset that is not a token.


COINBASE

First designed in the Bitcoin system, a coinbase is a compulsorily-included
transaction on a block, the output of which directs where to send the mining
reward. In the Bitcoin system, the coinbase has a 100-byte size input, where
messages can be attached or used as an extra nonce.


COLD STORAGE

Offline storage of cryptocurrencies, typically involving hardware non-custodial
wallets, USBs, offline computers, or paper wallets


COLD WALLET

A cryptocurrency wallet that is in cold storage, i.e. not connected to the
internet.


CONFIRMATIONS

A transaction is only confirmed when it is included in a block on the
blockchain, at which point it has one confirmation. Each additional block is
another confirmation. Different exchanges require a different number of
confirmations to consider a cryptocurrency transaction final.


CONSENSUS

Consensus is achieved when all participants of the network agree on the order
and content of blocks and transactions contained in those blocks.


CONSORTIUM BLOCKCHAIN

A privately-owned and -operated blockchain in which a consortium shares
information not readily available to the public, while relying on the immutable
and transparent properties of the blockchain.


CORRECTION

A correction is a (usually negative) reverse movement of at least 10% in a
cryptocurrency or general market, to adjust for over- or under-valuations.


CRYPTO-JACKING

The use of another party’s computer to mine cryptocurrency without their
consent.


CRYPTOASSET

Cryptoassets leverage cryptography, consensus algorithms, distributed ledgers,
peer-to-peer technology and/or smart contracts to function as a store of value,
medium of exchange, unit of account, or decentralized application.


CRYPTOCURRENCY

A cryptocurrency is a digital medium of exchange using strong cryptography to
secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units, and
verify the transfer of assets.


CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH FUNCTION

Cryptographic hashes produce a fixed-size and unique hash value from
variable-size transaction input. The SHA-256 algorithm is an example of a
cryptographic hash function.


CRYPTOGRAPHY

A field of study and practice to secure information, preventing third parties
from reading information to which they are not privy.


CUSTODIAL

Usually referring to the storage of keys, in relation to wallets or exchanges, a
custodial set-up is one in which private keys are being held by the service
provider while they provide a login account.


CYPHERPUNK

An activist who advocates for the mass adoption and use of strong cryptographic
solutions and privacy-enhancing technologies to enact social and political
progress.


DARK WEB

A portion of internet content existing on darknets, not indexed by search
engines, that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations or
authorizations.


DATE OF LAUNCH

Is a term used for when ICOs will put up their tokens for sale.


DEAD CAT BOUNCE

A temporary recovery in prices after a huge decrease.


DECENTRALIZED

Decentralization refers to the property of a system in which nodes or actors
work in concert in a distributed fashion to achieve a global goal.


DECENTRALIZED APPLICATIONS (DAPPS)

A type of application that runs on a decentralized network, avoiding a single
point of failure.


DECENTRALIZED AUTONOMOUS INITIAL COIN OFFERINGS (DAICO)

A method for decentralized funding of projects, combining ideas from
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) and Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs),
proposed by Vitalik Buterin, creator of Ethereum. It introduces a form of
governance in the ICO process, allowing backers to vote for the return of their
funds if certain conditions are met.


DECENTRALIZED AUTONOMOUS ORGANIZATIONS (DAO)

An organization that is run through rules encoded in smart contracts.


DECENTRALIZED EXCHANGE (DEX)

A peer-to-peer exchange that allows users to buy and sell cryptocurrency and
other assets without a central intermediary involved.


DECRYPTION

The process of transforming data that has been rendered unreadable through
encryption back to its unencrypted form.


DEFLATION

Reduction of the general level of prices in an economy. May also refer to
deflationary monetary policy, such as Bitcoin, where there is a fixed supply of
coins.


DELEGATED PROOF-OF-STAKE (DPOS)

A consensus mechanism where users can vote for delegates producing blocks on the
blockchain, with votes proportional to their stake. It aims to increase
efficiency and environmental friendliness of blockchain consensus protocols.


DEPTH CHART

A graph that plots the requests to buy (bids) and the requests to sell (asks) on
a chart, based on limit orders. The chart shows the point at which the market is
most likely to accept a transaction.


DERIVATIVE

A contract deriving its value from the performance of an underlying asset,
index, or interest rate.


DERIVATIVES MARKET

A public market for derivatives, instruments such as futures contracts or
options, which are derived from other forms of cryptocurrency assets.


DETERMINISTIC WALLET

A type of wallet that derives keys from a starting point called a seed. As long
as you have this seed, you are able to backup and restore any wallet.


DIFFICULTY

A relative measure of how difficult it is to discover a new block. In Bitcoin,
the difficulty is adjusted periodically as a function of how much hashing power
has been deployed by the network of miners.


DIGITAL COMMODITY

An intangible asset that is transferred electronically, and has a certain value.


DIGITAL CURRENCY

Digital currency, also known as digital money or electronic money or electronic
currency, is a type of currency available only in digital form, allowing for
instantaneous transactions and borderless transfer-of-ownership.


DIGITAL IDENTITY

Digital representations and storage of personal information such as name,
address, social security number, and more; on the blockchain, digital identity
can be decentralized and used for identity verification in a secure manner.


DIGITAL SIGNATURE

A digital code generated by key encryption that is attached to an electronically
transmitted document to verify its contents and the sender’s identity.


DILDO

A dildo is a long green or red bar found on a graph showing the changes in price
of a cryptocurrency, in relation to the green and red candles found on price
charts.


DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPH (DAG)

A directed acyclic graph or DAG is a structure that is built out in one single
direction and in such a way that it never repeats.


DISTRIBUTED CONSENSUS

Collective agreement by various computers in a network enabling it to work in a
decentralized manner without a central authority.


DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE (DDOS) ATTACK

A cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network
resource unavailable, disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet,
by overloading the system with requests so that legitimate requests cannot be
served.


DISTRIBUTED LEDGER

Distributed ledgers are ledgers in which data is stored across a network of
decentralized nodes. A distributed ledger does not necessarily involve a
cryptocurrency and may be permissioned and private.


DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TECHNOLOGY (DLT)

The technology underlying distributed ledgers. This term is most often discussed
in the context of enterprise use cases around adoption of distributed ledger
technology.


DISTRIBUTED NETWORK

A type of network where processing power and data are spread over the nodes
without a centralized data center or authority.


DOLPHIN

A person who owns a moderate quantity of cryptocurrency. This person does not
qualify to be a whale, but has evolved from being a fish/minnow.


DOMINANCE

Also known as BTC Dominance for Bitcoin Dominance, it is an index that compares
the market capitalization of Bitcoin with the overall market cap of all other
cryptocurrencies in existence.


DOUBLE SPENDING

A situation where a sum of money is (illegitimately) spent more than once.


DUMP

To sell off all your coins.


DUMPING

The action of collective market sell-offs, creating downward price movement.


DUST TRANSACTIONS

Minuscule transactions that flood and slow the network, usually deliberately
created by people looking to disrupt it.


DYOR

Age-old adage: “Do Your Own Research”. Don’t just take people at their word.


ELI5

Stands for “Explain Like I’m 5”, an explanation so simple that even a
five-year-old can understand it.


EMISSION

Emission, also known as Emission Curve, Emission Rate, and Emission Schedule, is
the speed at which new coins are created and released.


ENTERPRISE ETHEREUM ALLIANCE (EEA)

A group of Ethereum developers, startups, and large corporations working
together to commercialize and use Ethereum for business applications.


ERC-20

A token standard for Ethereum, used for smart contracts implementing tokens. It
is a common list of rules defining interactions between tokens, including
transfer between addresses and data access.


ERC-721

A token standard for non-fungible Ethereum tokens. An Ethereum Improvement
Proposal introduced in 2017, it enables smart contracts to operate as tradeable
tokens similar to ERC-20 tokens.


ESCROW

An escrow is a contractual arrangement in which a third party receives and
disburses money or documents for the primary transacting parties, with the
disbursement dependent on conditions, agreed to by the transacting parties. This
is possible to be automated using smart contracts on the blockchain.


ETHER

The form of payment used in the operation of the distribution application
platform, Ethereum, in order to incentivize machines into executing the
requested operations.


ETHEREUM IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL (EIP)

Ethereum Improvement Proposals EIP, Means describes standards for the Ethereum
platform, including core protocol specifications, client APIs, and contract
standards.


ETHEREUM VIRTUAL MACHINE (EVM)

A Turing-complete virtual machine that enables execution of code exactly as
intended; it is the runtime environment for every smart contract. Every Ethereum
node runs on the EVM to maintain consensus across the blockchain.


EXCHANGE

Cryptocurrency exchanges (sometimes called digital currency exchanges) are
businesses that allow customers to trade cryptocurrencies for fiat money or
other cryptocurrencies.


EXCHANGE TRADED FUND (ETF)

A security that tracks a basket of assets such as stocks, bonds, and
cryptocurrencies but can be traded like a single stock.


FAUCET

A cryptocurrency reward system usually on a website or app, that rewards users
for completing certain tasks. It is mostly a technique used when first launching
an altcoin to interest people in the coin.


FIAT

Fiat currency is “legal tender” backed by a central government, such as the
Federal Reserve, and with its own banking system, such as fractional reserve
banking. It can take the form of physical cash, or it can be represented
electronically, such as with bank credit.


FIAT-PEGGED CRYPTOCURRENCY

Also known as “pegged cryptocurrency”, it is a coin, token, or asset issued on a
blockchain that is linked to a government- or bank-issued currency. Each pegged
cryptocurrency is guaranteed to have a specific cash value in reserves at all
times.


FISH

A fish, or minnow, is someone who holds insignificant amounts of
cryptocurrencies, often at the mercy of whales who move the market up and down.


FLIPPENING

A situation hoped for by Ethereum fans, where the total market cap of Ethereum
surpasses the total market cap of Bitcoin.


FLIPPING

An investment strategy (mostly popularized by real estate investing) where you
buy something with the goal of reselling for a profit later, usually in a short
period of time. In the context of ICOs, flipping refers to the strategy of
investing in tokens before they are listed on exchanges, then quickly reselling
them for a profit when they start trading on exchanges in the secondary market.


FOMO

An acronym that stands for 'fear of missing out' and in the context of
investing, refers to the feeling of apprehension for missing out on a
potentially profitable investment opportunity and regretting it later.

Fork (Blockchain)

Forks, or chain splits, create an alternate version of the blockchain, leaving
two blockchains to run simultaneously. An example is Ethereum and Ethereum
Classic, which was forked after the DAO hack.

Fork (Software)

A software fork, also known as a project fork, is when developers take the
technology (source code) from one existing software project and modify it to
create a new project. An example is Litecoin, which was a software fork of
Bitcoin.


FUD

An acronym that stands for “fear, uncertainty, and doubt”. It is a strategy to
influence perception of certain cryptocurrencies or the cryptocurrency market in
general by spreading negative, misleading or false information.


FUDSTER

Someone that is spreading FUD.


FULL NODE

Nodes that download a blockchain’s entire history in order to observe and
enforce its rules.


FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS (FA)

A method in which you research the underlying value of an asset by looking at
the technology, team, growth prospects and other indicators. Some people perform
fundamental analysis as part of an investment strategy called “value investing”.


FUTURES

A futures contract is a standardized legal agreement to buy or sell a particular
commodity or asset at a predetermined price at a specified time in the future.
They are different from forward contracts, which can be customized for each
trade and can be conducted over-the-counter, instead of being traded on an
exchange.


GAINS

Gains refer to an increase in value or profit.


GAS

A term used on the Ethereum platform that refers to a unit of measuring the
computational effort of conducting transactions or smart contracts, or launch
dApps in the Ethereum network. It is the “fuel” of the Ethereum network.


GAS LIMIT

A term used on the Ethereum platform that refers to the maximum amount of gas
the user is willing to spend on a transaction.


GAS PRICE

A term used on the Ethereum platform that refers to the price you are willing to
pay for a transaction. Setting a higher gas price will incentivize miners to
prioritize that transaction over others.


GENESIS BLOCK

The first block of data that is processed and validated to form a new blockchain
often referred to as block 0 or block 1.


GOLD-BACKED CRYPTOCURRENCY

A coin or token issued that represents a value of gold; for example, one
physical gram of gold equals to one coin. The gram of gold is stored in a safe
and can be traded with other coin holders.


GRAPHICAL PROCESSING UNIT (GPU)

More commonly known as a graphics card, it is a computer chip that creates 3D
images on computers but has turned out to be efficient for mining
cryptocurrencies.


GROUP MINING

Another term used to describe a Mining Pool.


GWEI

The denomination used in defining the cost of gas in transactions involving
Ether.


HACKING

Hacking is the process of using a computer to manipulate another computer or
computer system in an unauthorized fashion.


HALVING

An event in which the total rewarded bitcoins per confirmed block halves,
happening every 210,000 blocks mined.


HARD CAP

The maximum amount that an ICO will raise. If a hard cap is reached, no more
funds will be collected.


HARD FORK

Hard Fork is a type of protocol change that validates all previously invalid
transactions and invalidates all previously valid transactions. This type of
fork requires all nodes and users to upgrade to the latest version of the forked
protocol software. In a hard fork, a single cryptocurrency permanently splits
into two, resulting in one blockchain that follows the old protocol and the
other that follows the newest protocol. Some examples are Bitcoin and Bitcoin
Cash, or Ethereum and Ethereum Classic.


HASH

The act of performing a hash function on input data of arbitrary size, with an
output of fixed length that looks random and from which no data can be recovered
without a cipher. An important property of a hash is that the output of hashing
a particular document will always be the same when using the same algorithm.


HASH FUNCTION

Any function used to map data of arbitrary size to data of a fixed size.


HASH POWER / HASH RATE

A unit of measurement for the amount of computing power being consumed by the
network to continuously operate. The Hash Rate of a computer may be measured in
kH/s, MH/s, GH/s, TH/s, PH/s or EH/s depending on the hashes per second being
produced.


HIDDEN CAP

Hidden cap is an unknown limit to the amount of money a team elects to receive
from investors in its Initial Coin Offering (ICO). The purpose of a hidden cap
is to even the playing field by letting smaller investors put in money, without
the large investors forming an accurate understanding of the total cap and
adjusting their investment as a result.


HIERARCHICAL DETERMINISTIC WALLET (HD WALLET)

A wallet that uses Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) protocol to support the
generation of crypto-wallets from a single master seed using 12 mnemonic
phrases.


HODL

A type of passive investment strategy where you hold an investment for a long
period of time, regardless of any changes in the price or markets. The term
first became famous due to a typo made in a bitcoin forum, and the term is now
commonly expanded to stand for “Hold On for Dear Life”.


HOSTED WALLET

Hosted Wallet is a hosted crypto wallet is a digital wallet in which your
private keys are stored. In exchange, the wallet takes care of the backup and
security of your funds.


HOT STORAGE

The online storage of private keys allowing for quicker access to
cryptocurrencies.


HYBRID POW/POS

A hybrid PoW/PoS allows for both Proof-of-Stake and Proof-of-Work as consensus
distribution algorithms on the network. This approach aims to bring together the
security of PoW consensus and the governance and energy efficiency of PoS.

Hyperledger (Hyperledger Foundation)

Hyperledger is an umbrella project of open-source blockchains and
blockchain-related tools started by the Linux Foundation in 2015 to support the
collaborative development of blockchain-based distributed ledgers.


IMMUTABLE

A property that defines the inability to be changed, especially over time.


INFLATION

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.


INITIAL BOUNTY OFFERING (IBO)

An Initial Bounty Offering or IBO is the limited-time process by which a new
cryptocurrency is made public and distributed to people who invest time and
skill into earn rewards in the new cryptocurrency, such as doing translation or
marketing. Unlike an Initial Coin Offering where you can buy coins, an IBO
requires more mental commitment from the receiver.


INITIAL COIN OFFERING (ICO)

A type of crowdfunding, or crowdsale, using cryptocurrencies as a means of
raising capital for early-stage companies. It has come under fire due to the
occurrence of scams and market manipulators.


INITIAL TOKEN OFFERING (ITO)

Similar to ICOs, but the focus is on the offering of tokens with proven (or
unproven) intrinsic utility in the form of software or usage in an ecosystem.


INSTAMINE

A period in time, shortly after launch, when a large portion of total mineable
coins or tokens are mined in a compressed time frame, and may be unevenly and
quickly distributed to investors.

Intermediary / Middleman

An intermediary, or middleman, is a person or entity that acts as the go-between
different parties to bring about agreements or carry out directives.


JOMO

The opposite state of FOMO, JOMO stands for “Joy of Missing Out”. Most often
used by no-coiners who declare their happiness that they are not involved in
cryptocurrencies, usually when prices are declining or a scam ICO is revealed.


KYC

Acronym for “Know Your Customer”, this process refers to a project’s or
financial institution’s obligations to verify the identity of a customer in line
with global anti-money laundering laws.


LAMBO

Shorthand for Lamborghini, an exotic car that people often refer to in their
excitement over getting rich from cryptocurrencies. Often used in cryptocurrency
communities when asking when prices may rise again by saying: “When Lambo?” It
is usually combined with “When moon?”


LEDGER

A record of financial transactions that cannot be changed, only appended with
new transactions.


LEVERAGE

A loan offered by a broker on an exchange during margin trading to increase the
availability of funds in trades.


LIGHTNING NETWORK

The Lightning Network is a "second layer" payment protocol that operates on top
of a blockchain. Theoretically, it will enable fast, scalable transactions
between and across participating nodes, and has been touted as a solution to the
Bitcoin scalability problem.


LIMIT ORDER / LIMIT BUY / LIMIT SELL

Orders placed by traders to buy or sell a cryptocurrency when a certain price is
reached. This is in contrast with market orders at which a cryptocurrency is
sold at the current best available price.


LIQUIDITY

How easily a cryptocurrency can be bought and sold without impacting the overall
market price.


LONG

A situation where you buy a cryptocurrency with the expectation of selling it at
a higher price for profit later.


MAINNET

An independent blockchain running its own network with its own technology and
protocol. It is a live blockchain where its own cryptocurrencies or tokens are
in use, as compared to a testnet or projects running on top of other popular
networks such as Ethereum.


MARGIN CALL

When an investor’s account value falls below the margin maintenance amount. The
broker will then demand that the investor deposit additional money or securities
to meet the minimum required maintenance amount to continue trading.


MARGIN TRADING

A practice where a trader uses borrowed funds from a broker to trade a
cryptocurrency, which forms the collateral for the loan from the broker. It can
be relatively risky for inexperienced traders who may receive a margin call if
the market moves in the opposite direction of their trades.
* Margin Bear Position: The position you are taking if you are going “short” on
margin.
* Margin Bull Position: The position you are taking if you are going “long” on
margin


MARKET

An area or arena, online or offline, in which commercial dealings are conducted.
Usually referred to as the “crypto market”, which refers to the cumulative
cryptocurrencies and projects operating within the industry.


MARKET CAPITALIZATION / MARKET CAP / MCAP

Total capitalization of a cryptocurrency’s price. It is one of the ways to rank
the relative size of a cryptocurrency.

Market Cap = Current Price x Circulating Supply


MARKET ORDER / MARKET BUY / MARKET SELL

A purchase or sale of a cryptocurrency on an exchange at the current best
available price. Market orders are filled as buyers and sellers are willing to
trade. This is in contrast with limit orders at which a cryptocurrency is sold
only at a specified price.


MASTERNODES

Masternodes are a server maintained by its owner, somewhat like full nodes, but
with additional functionalities such as anonymizing transactions, clearing
transactions, and participating in governance and voting. It was initially
popularized by Dash to reward owners of these servers for maintaining a service
for the blockchain.


MAX SUPPLY

The best approximation of the maximum amount of coins that will ever exist in
the lifetime of the cryptocurrency.


MBTC

m฿ or mBTC are MilliBitcoin. 1 mBTC is equal to 0.001 Bitcoin "BTC".


MERKLE TREE

A tree structure in cryptography, in which every leaf node is labelled with the
hash of a data block and every non-leaf node is labelled with the cryptographic
hash of the labels of its child nodes. Hash trees allow efficient and secure
verification of the contents of blockchains, as each change propagates upwards
so verification can be done by simply looking at the top hash.

MicroBitcoin (uBTC)

One-millionth of a bitcoin or 0.000001 of a bitcoin. Often confused as a fork of
Bitcoin.


MICROTRANSACTION

A business model where very small payments can be made in exchange for common
digital goods and services, such as pages of an ebook or items in a game.


MINEABLE

Some cryptocurrencies have a system through which miners can be rewarded with
newly-created cryptocurrencies for creating blocks through contributing their
hash power. Cryptocurrencies with this ability to generate new cryptocurrencies
through the process of confirmation is said to be mineable.
* Not Mineable: Some cryptocurrencies are generated only through other
mechanisms, such as annual inflation through staking. These cryptocurrencies are
said to be not mineable.


MINERS

Contributors to a blockchain taking part in the process of mining. They can be
professional miners or organizations with large-scale operations, or hobbyists
who set up mining rigs at home or in the office.


MINING

A process where blocks are added to a blockchain, verifying transactions. It is
also the process through which new bitcoins or some altcoins are created.


MINING CONTRACT

Another term for cloud mining, where users can rent or invest in mining capacity
online.


MINING POOL

A setup where multiple miners combine their computing power to gain economies of
scale and competitiveness in finding the next block on a blockchain. Rewards are
split according to different agreements, depending on the mining pool. Another
term for this is Group Mining.


MINING REWARD

The reward resulting from contributing computing resources to process
transactions. Mining rewards are usually a mix of newly-minted coins and
transaction fees.


MINING RIG

A computer being used for mining. A mining rig could be a dedicated piece of
hardware for mining, or a computer with spare capacity that can be used for
other tasks, only mining part-time.


MINNOW

Another term used to describe Fish.


MIXING SERVICE

Also known as Tumbler, it is a service to improve the privacy and anonymity of
cryptocurrency transactions by mixing potentially identifiable or “tainted”
cryptocurrencies with other unrelated transactions, making it harder to track
what the cryptocurrency was used for and who it belongs to.


MNEMONIC PHRASE

A mnemonic phrase (also known as mnemonic seed, or seed phrase) is a list of
words used in sequence to access or restore your cryptocurrency assets. It
should be kept secret from everyone else. It is a standard in most HD wallets.


MNEMONICS

Mnemonics are memory aids with a system such as letters or associations that
help in recall.


MONEY TRANSMITTER/MONEY TRANSFER LICENSE

In the legal code of the United States, a money transmitter or money transfer
service is a business entity that provides money transfer services or payment
instruments, whether it is real currency, cryptocurrency, or any other value.
Money Transmitters in the US are part of a larger group of entities called money
service businesses or MSBs.


MOON

A situation where there is a continuous upward movement in the price of a
cryptocurrency. Often used in communities to question when a cryptocurrency will
experience such a phenomenon, saying: “When moon?” It is usually combined with
“When Lambo?”


MOVING AVERAGE CONVERGENCE DIVERGENCE (MACD)

A technical analysis method, it is a trend-following momentum indicator that
shows the relationship between two price moving averages. The calculation is
done by subtracting the 26-day exponential moving average (EMA) from the 12-day
EMA.


MT. GOX

Mtgox or Mt. Gox was one of the first websites where users could take part in
fiat-to-bitcoin exchange (and vice versa). In 2014, Mt. Gox was shut down after
about 850,000 bitcoin was declared lost or stolen. Mt. Gox was created in 2006
by Jed McCaleb who named it after Magic: The Gathering Online Exchange where
users could use the cards like stocks. Jed later sold Mt. Gox to Mark Karpelès
in 2011.

Multi-Signature (Multi-sig)

Multi-signature addresses provide an added layer of security by requiring more
than one key to authorize a transaction.


NETWORK

A network refers to all nodes in the operation of a blockchain at any given
moment in time.


NO-COINER

A no-coiner is someone who has no cryptocurrency in his or her investment
portfolio and firmly believes that cryptocurrency in general will fail.


NODE

A copy of the ledger operated by a participant of the blockchain network.


NON-CUSTODIAL

Usually referring to the storage of keys, in relation to wallets or exchanges, a
non-custodial setup is one in which private keys are held by the user directly.


NONCE

When a transaction is hashed by a miner, an arbitrary number meant to be used
only once is generated, called a nonce.


OFF-LEDGER CURRENCY

A currency that is created (minted) outside of the specified blockchain ledger
but is accepted or used.


OFFLINE STORAGE

The act of storing cryptocurrencies in devices or systems not connected to the
internet.


ON-LEDGER CURRENCY

A currency that is both minted on the blockchain ledger and also used on the
blockchain ledger, such as bitcoin.


ONE CANCELS THE OTHER ORDER (OCO)

A situation where two orders for cryptocurrency are placed simultaneously, with
a rule in place to enforce that if one is accepted, the other is cancelled.


ONLINE STORAGE

The act of storing cryptocurrencies in devices or systems connected to the
internet. Online storage offers more convenience but also increased risk of
theft.


OPEN SOURCE

Open-source software is a type of software released under a license in which the
copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute the
software to anyone and for any purpose. It is also a philosophy, with
participants believing in the free and open sharing of information in pursuit of
the greater common good.


OPEN/CLOSE

The price at which a cryptocurrency opens at a time period, for example at the
start of the day; the price at which a cryptocurrency closes at a time period,
for example at the end of the day. In general, these terms were more useful in
traditional financial markets as there are fixed hours of the day in which
trading occurs.


OPTION

A contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an
underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price. There are American
and European options, the former of which may be exercised at any time before
expiration, and the latter exercised only at the expiration date.


OPTIONS MARKET

A public market for options, giving the buyer an option to buy or sell a
cryptocurrency at a specific strike price, on or before a specific date.


ORACLES

An agent that finds and verifies information, bridging the real world and the
blockchain by providing data to smart contracts for execution of said contracts
under specified conditions.


ORPHAN

A valid block on the blockchain that is not part of the main chain. They may
come into existence when two miners produce blocks at similar times, or caused
by an attacker attempting to reverse transactions. This is sometimes also known
as a “detached block”.


OVER THE COUNTER (OTC)

Over The Counter is defined as a transaction made outside of an exchange, often
peer-to-peer through private trades. In jurisdictions where exchanges are
disallowed or where amounts traded will move the markets, traders will go
through the OTC route.


OVERBOUGHT

When a cryptocurrency has been purchased by more and more investors over time,
with its price increasing for an extended period of time. When this happens
without any justifiable reason, the cryptocurrency is considered overbought, and
a period of selling is expected.


OVERSOLD

When a cryptocurrency has been sold by more and more investors over time, with
its price decreasing for an extended period of time. When this happens without
any justifiable reason, the cryptocurrency is considered oversold, and a period
of buying is expected.


PAIR

Trade between one cryptocurrency and another, for example, the trading pair:
BTC/ETH.


PAPER WALLET

A physical document containing your private key or seed phrase.


PEER TO PEER (P2P)

The decentralized interactions between parties in a distributed network,
partitioning tasks or workloads between peers.


PERMISSIONED LEDGER

A ledger designed with restrictions, such that only people or organizations
requiring access have permission to access it.


PLATFORM

On CoinMarketCap, platform refers to the parent blockchain of tokens. It may
also refer to a cryptocurrency exchange on which you may trade cryptocurrencies.


PONZI SCHEME

A fraudulent investment involving the payment of purported returns to existing
investors from funds contributed by new investors.


PORTFOLIO

A collection of cryptocurrencies or crypto assets held by an investment company,
hedge fund, financial institution or individual.


PRE-MINE

When some or all of a coin’s initial supply is generated during or before the
public launch, rather than being generated over time through mining or
inflation. They may be used for legitimate purposes, such as crowdfunding or
marketing.


PRE-SALE

A sale that takes place before an ICO is made available to the general public
for funding.


PRIVATE KEY / SECRET KEY

A piece of code generated in asymmetric-key encryption process, paired with a
public key, to be used in decrypting information hashed with the public key.

Proof-of-Authority (PoA)

A blockchain consensus mechanism that delivers comparatively fast transactions
using identity as a stake.

Proof-of-Burn (PoB)

A blockchain consensus mechanism aiming to bootstrap one blockchain to another
with increased energy efficiency, by verifying that a cost was incurred in
“burning” a coin by sending it to an unspendable address.

Proof-of-Developer (PoD)

Any verification that provides evidence of a real, living software developer who
created a cryptocurrency, in order to prevent an anonymous developer from making
away with any raised funds without delivering a working model.

Proof-of-Stake (PoS)

A blockchain consensus mechanism involving choosing the creator of the next
block via various combinations of random selection and wealth or age of staked
coins or tokens.

Proof-of-Work (PoW)

A blockchain consensus mechanism involving solving of computationally intensive
puzzles to validate transactions and create new blocks


PROTOCOL

The set of rules that define interactions on a network, usually involving
consensus, transaction validation, and network participation on a blockchain.


PSEUDONYMOUS

Writing under a false name, such as “Satoshi Nakamoto”.


PUBLIC ADDRESS

A public address is the cryptographic hash of a public key, allowing the user to
use it as an address to request for payment.


PUBLIC BLOCKCHAIN

A blockchain that can be accessed by anyone.


PUBLIC KEY

This value does not have to be kept secret because the public key reveals
nothing about the private key.


PUMP AND DUMP (P&D) SCHEME

A form of securities fraud involving the artificial inflation of the price of a
cryptocurrency with false and misleading positive statements in order to sell
previously-cheaply purchased stock at a higher price.


QR CODE

A machine-readable label that shows information encoded into a graphical
black-and-white pattern. For cryptocurrencies, it is often used to easily share
wallet addresses with others.


RAIDEN NETWORK

An off-chain scaling solution aiming to enable near-instant, low-fee and
scalable payments on the Ethereum blockchain. It is similar to Bitcoin's
proposed Lightning Network.


RANK

The relative position of a cryptocurrency by market capitalization.


REKT

A shorthand slang for “wrecked”, describing a bad loss in a trade.


RELATIVE STRENGTH INDEX (RSI)

A form of technical analysis that serves as a momentum oscillator, measuring the
speed and change of price movements, developed by J. Welles Wilder. It
oscillates between zero and 100, where a cryptocurrency is considered overbought
when the indicator is above 70 and oversold when below 30.


REPLICATED LEDGER

A copy of a distributed ledger in a network that is distributed to all
participants in a cryptocurrency network.


REVERSE INDICATOR

A person whom you may use as an indicator of how not to place buy or sell orders
because they are always wrong at predicting price movements of cryptocurrencies.


RING SIGNATURE

A method of increasing privacy, by fusing inputs of multiple signers with that
of the original sender to authorize a transaction.


ROI

Short for “Return on Investment”, the ratio between the net profit and cost of
investing.

Satoshi (SATS)

The smallest unit of bitcoin with a value of 0.00000001 BTC.


SATOSHI NAKAMOTO

The individual or group of individuals that created Bitcoin. The identity of
Satoshi Nakamoto has never been confirmed.


SCAM

A fraudulent or deceptive cryptocurrency or ICO.


SCRYPT

An alternative Proof-of Work (PoW) algorithm to SHA-256, used in Bitcoin mining.
Scrypt mining relies more heavily on memory than on pure CPU power, aiming to
reduce the advantage that ASICs have and hence increasing network participation
and energy efficiency.


SECOND-LAYER SOLUTIONS

A set of solutions built on top of a public blockchain to extend its scalability
and efficiency, especially for micro-transactions or actions. Examples include:
Plasma, TrueBit, Lightning Network, and more.


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)

An independent agency of the United States federal government, responsible for
enforcing federal securities laws, proposing securities rules, and regulating
the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other
related activities and organizations.


SEED PHRASE

Seed phrase is a single starting point when deriving keys for a deterministic
wallet. It is usually presented as a series of words to enable the owner to
quickly backup or restore a wallet.


SEGREGATED WITNESS (SEGWIT)

A Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) that aimed to fix transaction malleability
on Bitcoin. In the past, when changing the “witness” information (signatures) on
blocks, it would change the transaction ID and its subsequent hash; SegWit was
aiming to fix this by segregating signature and block content; a side effect of
this change was smaller block sizes and the ability to support second layer
solutions.


SELFISH MINING

A situation in which a miner mines a new block but does not broadcast this new
block to the other miners. If this miner is able to find a second block faster
than all other miners, then they would have created the longest public chain,
invalidating all other blocks discovered in the time it took to execute this
attack.


SELL WALL

A situation where a large limit order has been placed to sell when a
cryptocurrency reaches a certain value. This can sometimes be used by traders to
create a certain impression in the market, preventing a cryptocurrency from
rising above that value, as supply will likely outstrip demand when the order is
executed.


SHA-256

A cryptographic hash function that generates a 256-bit signature for a text,
used in Bitcoin Proof-of-Work (PoW). Standing for “Secure Hash Algorithm”, it is
one of the SHA-2 algorithms, first designed by the NSA.


SHARDING

Sharding is a scaling approach that enables splitting of blockchain states into
partitions containing states and transaction history so that each shard can be
processed in parallel.


SHILLING

The act of enthusiastically promoting a cryptocurrency or ICO project.


SHITCOIN

A coin with no obvious potential value or usage.


SHORT

A trading technique in which a trader borrows an asset in order to sell it, with
the expectation that the price will continue to decline. In the event that the
price does decline, the short seller will then buy the asset at this lower price
in order to return it to the lender of the asset, making the difference in
profit.


SIDE CHAIN

A blockchain ledger that runs in parallel to a primary blockchain, where there
is a two-way link between the primary chain and sidechain. This allows the
sidechain to operate independently of the primary blockchain, using their own
protocols or ledger mechanisms.


SILK ROAD

An online black market that existed on the dark web, now shut down by the FBI.
It had accepted bitcoins for transactions.


SIMPLIFIED PAYMENT VERIFICATION (SPV)

A lightweight client to verify blockchain transactions, downloading only block
headers and requesting proof of inclusion to the blockchain in the Merkle Tree.


SMART CONTRACT

A smart contract is a computer protocol intended to facilitate, verify, or
enforce a contract on the blockchain without third parties.


SOFT CAP

The minimum amount that an initial coin offering (ICO) wants to raise.
Sometimes, if the ICO is unable to raise the soft cap amount, it may be called
off entirely.


SOFT FORK (BLOCKCHAIN)

A protocol upgrade where only previously valid transactions are made invalid,
with most soft forks requiring miners to upgrade their mining software in order
to enforce it.


SOLIDITY

The programming language used by Ethereum for developing smart contracts.


SPOT

A contract or transaction buying or selling a cryptocurrency for immediate
settlement, or payment and delivery, of the cryptocurrency on the market.


SPOT MARKET

A public market in which cryptocurrencies are traded for immediate settlement.
It contrasts with a futures market, in which settlement is due at a later date.


STABLECOIN

A cryptocurrency with extremely low volatility, sometimes used as a means of
portfolio diversification. Examples include gold-backed cryptocurrency or
fiat-pegged cryptocurrency.


STAKING

Participation in a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) system to put your tokens in to serve as
a validator to the blockchain and receive rewards.


STALE BLOCK

A block which was successfully mined but not included on the current longest
blockchain, usually because another block at the same height was added to the
chain first.


STATE CHANNEL

A second-layer scaling solution that reduces the total on-chain transactions
necessary, moving the transactions off-chain and letting participants sign to
the main chain after multiple off-chain transactions.


SYMBOL

The ticker of a cryptocurrency; for example, Bitcoin’s symbol is BTC.


TAINT

The percentage of cryptocurrency in an account that can be traced to another
account.


TANGLE

The Tangle is a blockchain alternative developed by IOTA, using directed acyclic
graphs which only builds in one single direction and in a way that it never
repeats, and is quantum-computing resistant.


TECHNICAL ANALYSIS / TREND ANALYSIS (TA)

An evaluation method involving statistical analyses of market activity, such as
price and volume. Charts and other tools are used to identify patterns to
underpin and drive investment decisions.


TESTNET

An alternative blockchain used by developers for testing.


TETHER

The Tether is often abbreviated as USDT on exchanges. This is a non-government
regulated ‘stablecoin’ with a value of around 1 US dollar. The company behind
this coin claims that every Tether in circulation is covered with real dollars
on their bank account.


THINK LONG TERM (TLT)

A mindset where you have a longer-term investment horizon of months to years.


THIS IS GENTLEMEN

Originally an error in writing the full “This is it, gentlemen”. It is now used
as an introduction for good news.


TICKER

An abbreviation used to uniquely identify cryptocurrencies.

Timelock / Locktime

A condition for a transaction to only be processed at a certain time or block on
the blockchain.


TIMESTAMP

A form of identification for when a certain transaction occurred, usually with
date and time of day and accurate to fractions of a second.


TOKEN

A digital unit designed with utility in mind, providing access and use of a
larger cryptoeconomic system. It does not have store of value on its own, but
are made so that software can be developed around it.


TOKEN GENERATION EVENT

The time at which a token is issued.


TOKENIZE

The process by which real-world assets are turned into something of digital
value called a token, often subsequently able to offer ownership of parts of
this asset to different owners.


TOR

Tor is free software for enabling anonymous communication. The name is derived
from an acronym for the original software project name "The Onion Router". It
consists of a network of volunteer relays to conceal users’ location and usage.


TOTAL SUPPLY

The total amount of coins in existence right now, minus any coins that have been
verifiably burned.


TRADE VOLUME

Is the amount of the cryptocurrency that has been traded in the last 24 hours.


TRADING BOT

A trading bot is an algorithm that trades for a trader on a stock exchange or
crypto exchange. Trading bots are used by both professionals and amateurs.

Transaction (TX)

The act of exchanging cryptocurrencies on a blockchain.


TRANSACTION FEE

A payment for using the blockchain to transact.


TREZOR

The Trezor is a popular ‘Hardware Wallet’, which supports multiple blockchains.


TRUSTLESS

A property of the blockchain, where no participant needs to trust any other
participant for transactions to be enforced as intended.


TUMBLER

Another name for a mixing service.


TURING-COMPLETE

Turing-complete refers to the ability of a machine to perform calculations that
any other programmable computer is capable of. An example of this is the
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).


UBTC

u฿ or uBTC are MilliBitcoin. 1 uBTC is equal to 0.000001 Bitcoin "BTC".


UNCONFIRMED

A state in which a transaction has not been appended to the blockchain.


UNPERMISSIONED LEDGER

A public blockchain.


UNSPENT TRANSACTION OUTPUT

An output of a blockchain transaction that has not been spent, and can be used
as an input for new transactions.


USDT

See Tether for the meaning of USDT.


UTC TIME

Coordinated Universal Time. It is the primary time standard by which the world
regulates clocks and time, kept using highly precise atomic clocks combined with
the Earth’s rotation.


UXTO

UXTO is the abbreviation of ‘Unspent Transaction Output’. The total balance of
bitcoins on an address can be spread over multiple blocks in the blockchain. The
unspent bitcoins have a UXTO attribute. By searching the blockchain for the
UXTO’s, which belong to a ‘wallet’ address, the total spendable balance can be
determined. This is displayed by the wallet when it is fully synchronised.


VALIDATOR

A participant on a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain, involved in validating
blocks for rewards.


VANITY ADDRESS

A cryptocurrency public address with custom letters and numbers, usually picked
by its owner.


VAPORWARE

A cryptocurrency project that is never actually developed.

Vaporware (aka Vapourware)

Vaporware is a term that comes from the software world to indicate announced,
but not released or cancelled software. In the cryptocurrency world this also
happens, but the term “Shitcoin” is more common.


VENTURE CAPITAL

A form of private equity provided to fund small, early-stage firms considered to
have high growth potential.


VIRGIN BITCOIN

A bitcoin that has never been spent.


VITALIK BUTERIN

Vitalik Buterin is a programmer of Canadian-Russian descent. He is the inventor
of ‘Smart Contracts’ and co-founder of Ethereum.


VOLATILITY

A statistical measure of dispersion of returns, measured by using the standard
deviation or variance between returns from that same security or market index.


VOLUME

The amount of cryptocurrency that has been traded during a certain period of
time, such as the last 24 hours or more. Volume can show the direction and
movement of the cryptocurrency as well as a prediction of future price and its
demand.


WALLET

A cryptocurrency wallet is a secure digital wallet used to store, send, and
receive digital currency, and are divided into two categories: hosted wallets
and cold wallets.


WASH TRADE

A form of market manipulation in which investors create artificial activity in
the marketplace by simultaneously selling and buying the same cryptocurrencies.


WATCHLIST

A watchlist is a feature of the website where users can create their own lists
of cryptocurrencies to follow. Alternative definition: A watchlist is a set of
pages a user has selected to monitor for changes.


WEAK HANDS

An investor prone to panic selling at the first sign of a price decline.


WEI

The smallest fraction of an Ether, with each Ether to 1000000000000000000 Wei.


WHALE

A term used to describe investors who have uncommonly large amounts of crypto,
especially those with enough funds to manipulate the market.


WHEN LAMBO

The extended-expression for Lambo.


WHEN MOON

The extended-expression for Moon.


WHITELIST

A “Whitelist” is a list of approved participants, who may participate in an ICO
or Pre-ICO. A ‘whitelist’ is not always used, but it is usually used to generate
‘hype’ and exclusivity for the ICO.


WHITEPAPER

A document prepared by an ICO project team to interest investors with its
vision, cryptocurrency use and cryptoeconomic design, technical information, and
a roadmap for how it plans to grow and succeed.


XBT

XBT is an alternative abbreviation for Bitcoin (BTC) and is the official ISO
4217 standard. It is country independent. The abbreviation for gold is XAU.


YELLOWPAPER

A ‘yellowpaper’ is a research document. It describes a more in-depth and
technical analysis. The purpose of this document is to inform those involved and
interested.


YTD

Stands for Year to Date.


ZERO CONFIRMATION TRANSACTION

Alternative phrasing for an unconfirmed transaction.


ZERO KNOWLEDGE PROOF

In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof enables one party to provide evidence
that a transaction or event happened without revealing private details of that
transaction or event.

Zerocoin (protocol)

Zerocoin, also known as Zerocoin protocol, is originally a proposal to give
Bitcoin a privacy function. It is currently implemented by, among others, the
coins Zcoin and PivX. Read more about this in this detailed description of
zerocoin.

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WHAT IS BITCOIN?

Bitcoin is a digital currency that uses blockchain technology for secure,
decentralized, and transparent transactions. It was the first cryptocurrency and
remains the most well-known and widely-used.[1]


WHERE CAN I DISCUSS BITCOIN AND GET MORE INFORMATION?

The Bitcoin Forum (forum.bitcoin.com) is a popular online community where
Bitcoin enthusiasts can discuss topics like economics, mining, project
development, trading, and more. Other places to find information and discussions
include the Bitcoin subreddit and bitcointalk.org


HOW CAN I TRUST A BITCOIN SERVICE?

To determine the trustworthiness of a Bitcoin service, read reviews from other
users, research the service's reputation on sites like bittrust.org, and search
for the service on forums like the Bitcoin subreddit and bitcointalk.org.
Services that have been established for a longer time or are run by known people
in the Bitcoin community tend to be more trustworthy.


HOW POPULAR IS BITCOIN?

Bitcoin is the most well-known and widely-used cryptocurrency, but it is
difficult to determine its exact popularity. Cryptocurrency usage varies around
the world, and its popularity can fluctuate depending on market conditions and
public sentiment.


HOW DOES BITCOIN WORK?

Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a digital ledger called the blockchain.
Users send and receive bitcoins using digital wallets, and transactions are
verified by a network of computers (miners) that solve complex cryptographic
problems.

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