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CYPRUS CONFLICT: KEY ISSUES ON 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF TURKISH INVASION

By Reuters
July 18, 202410:08 AM GMT+2Updated 6 days ago
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NICOSIA, July 18 (Reuters) - There will be celebrations in the north, and
mourning in the south of Cyprus on Saturday, the 50th anniversary of a Turkish
invasion triggered by a brief Greek inspired coup.
Here are some key issues relating to the conflict:


WHAT TRIGGERED THE DISPUTE?

- A British colony until 1960, Cyprus's Greek and Turkish Cypriots participated
in power sharing until 1963, when a tax disagreement spilled over into an
all-out dispute over the functioning of the government. The dispute left Greek
Cypriots running the internationally recognised Republic of Cyprus.
Advertisement · Scroll to continue

- Violence erupted in December 1963, prompting the dispatch of a U.N.
peacekeeping force to the island six months later. Turkish Cypriots withdrew
into enclaves, effectively partitioning the capital Nicosia.
- Turkey, Britain and Greece were named guarantors of Cyprus's sovereignty in
1960, with rights to intervene if there is a breakdown of constitutional order.
Citing those rights, Ankara invaded Cyprus in July 1974 after the junta then
ruling Greece staged a brief coup five days earlier which toppled the legitimate
Cyprus government. The Cyprus crisis caused the collapse of Greece's seven-year
military dictatorship. Constitutional order was swiftly restored on Cyprus, but
Turkey never withdrew. Britain holds on to 3 percent of Cypriot territory known
as sovereign base areas, partly for military purposes.
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WHAT FORCES ARE PUSHING FOR RESOLUTION?

- Cyprus has been a member of the EU since 2004, but it is effectively
represented by Greek Cypriots who have veto powers over Turkey joining the bloc.
- With Cyprus in the EU and Turkey in NATO, defence relations between the two
organisations can be problematic, and it is also a source of tension between
Turkey and Greece.
- Although it has been years since there was any violence between the two sides,
30,000 Turkish troops remain in the north and both sides have security concerns.



WHAT ARE THE KEY STUMBLING BLOCKS?

- Sovereignty: disputes focus on whether a peace deal should be an evolution of
the present Republic of Cyprus, as advocated by Greek Cypriots, or a merging of
two equal states advocated by Turkish Cypriots who seek recognition of their
breakaway state.
- Guarantor system: an emotional trigger for both sides. Greek Cypriots want the
system scrapped. Turkish Cypriots say they need Turkish guarantees because of
their past experience with Greek Cypriots.

- Governance: how much say will go to each community in the context of a federal
system, and what deadlock-easing mechanisms can be adopted for the smooth
functioning of the state.
- Settlement and Property Disputes: a legal quagmire where thousands of
individuals have claims on property seized decades ago.

Get the latest news and expert analysis about the state of the global economy
with Reuters Econ World. Sign up here.

Reporting by Michele Kambas, Editing by Angus MacSwan

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