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South Africa Security



 * 

South Africa Security




SOUTH AFRICA SECURITY

South Africa, a land of diverse landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture,
captivates visitors with its beauty and complexity. From the majestic Table
Mountain to the sweeping savannas of Kruger National Park, South Africa offers a
wealth of experiences for travelers and enthusiasts alike. In this comprehensive
guide, we delve into every aspect of South Africa, from its geographical
features to its educational system and transportation networks.

South Africa is located at the southern tip of the African continent, bordered
by Namibia to the northwest, Botswana and Zimbabwe to the north, and Mozambique
and Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) to the northeast. Lesotho, an independent
kingdom, is entirely surrounded by South Africa. The country has a coastline
along the Indian Ocean to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

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GEOGRAPHY

CLIMATE

South Africa experiences a variety of climates, ranging from Mediterranean in
the southwest to semi-arid and subtropical in other regions. The western and
southern coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and
warm, dry summers. Inland areas have a more continental climate, with hot
summers and cold winters. The northeastern regions, including Kruger National
Park, have a subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild winters.

FAUNA

South Africa boasts a diverse range of wildlife, with iconic species such as
lions, elephants, rhinos, and giraffes roaming its national parks and game
reserves. The country is also home to unique flora and fauna, including the
fynbos vegetation of the Western Cape and the succulent karoo of the semi-arid
regions.

LONGEST RIVERS

The longest river in South Africa is the Orange River, which flows for
approximately 2,200 kilometers (1,367 miles) from the Drakensberg Mountains in
Lesotho, through South Africa, and into the Atlantic Ocean. The Limpopo River
forms part of the northern border with Zimbabwe and Botswana and is the second
longest river in the country.

HIGHEST MOUNTAINS

The Drakensberg Mountains, located in the eastern part of South Africa, are the
highest mountains in the country. The highest peak is Thabana Ntlenyana, which
reaches an elevation of 3,482 meters (11,423 feet) above sea level. Other
notable peaks include Champagne Castle, Mafadi, and Cathedral Peak.


HISTORY

Prehistory

South Africa has a rich archaeological record dating back millions of years,
with evidence of early human ancestors found in sites such as the Cradle of
Humankind. The San people, also known as Bushmen, are believed to be the
indigenous inhabitants of the region, with a history spanning thousands of
years.

Early Civilizations

The Bantu-speaking peoples migrated into South Africa from West Africa around
2,000 years ago, bringing with them ironworking skills and agricultural
practices. Over time, various Bantu kingdoms and chiefdoms emerged, including
the Zulu, Xhosa, and Sotho-Tswana kingdoms.

European Colonization

European exploration of South Africa began in the 15th century, with Portuguese
navigators reaching the southern tip of the continent. In 1652, the Dutch East
India Company established a trading post at the Cape of Good Hope, laying the
foundation for permanent European settlement. The British seized control of the
Cape Colony in the early 19th century, leading to conflicts with the indigenous
peoples and the Boer settlers of Dutch descent.

Apartheid and Independence

The 20th century saw the implementation of apartheid, a system of
institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination, by the National Party
government. The apartheid regime enforced strict racial laws, denying non-white
South Africans basic rights and opportunities. The struggle against apartheid
culminated in the release of Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990 and the
subsequent transition to democracy. South Africa held its first democratic
elections in 1994, with Mandela becoming the country’s first black president.


DEMOGRAPHICS

South Africa has a population of approximately 60 million people, making it one
of the most populous countries in Africa. The population is diverse, with a mix
of ethnic groups, including black Africans (predominantly Zulu, Xhosa, and
Sotho), white South Africans (of European descent), colored South Africans (of
mixed race), and Indian South Africans. The official languages are isiZulu,
isiXhosa, Afrikaans, English, and others.


ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

South Africa is divided into nine provinces, each with its own provincial
government and administrative structure. Here are the administrative divisions
along with their respective populations:

 1. Gauteng – Population: 15.5 million
 2. KwaZulu-Natal – Population: 11.4 million
 3. Eastern Cape – Population: 6.7 million
 4. Western Cape – Population: 6.3 million
 5. Limpopo – Population: 5.8 million
 6. Mpumalanga – Population: 4.5 million
 7. North West – Population: 4.1 million
 8. Free State – Population: 2.9 million
 9. Northern Cape – Population: 1.2 million

10 LARGEST CITIES BY POPULATION

The largest cities in South Africa by population are:

 1.  Johannesburg – Population: 5.8 million
 2.  Cape Town – Population: 4.6 million
 3.  Durban – Population: 3.8 million
 4.  Pretoria – Population: 2.3 million
 5.  Port Elizabeth – Population: 1.3 million
 6.  Bloemfontein – Population: 850,000
 7.  East London – Population: 650,000
 8.  Polokwane – Population: 620,000
 9.  Nelspruit – Population: 570,000
 10. Kimberley – Population: 220,000


EDUCATION SYSTEMS

Education in South Africa is governed by the Department of Basic Education and
the Department of Higher Education and Training. While basic education is free
and compulsory for children aged 7 to 15, access to quality education remains
unequal, with disparities between urban and rural areas and between public and
private schools. South Africa is home to several top universities, including the
University of Cape Town, the University of the Witwatersrand, and Stellenbosch
University.


TRANSPORTATION

AIRPORTS

South Africa has several major airports, with OR Tambo International Airport in
Johannesburg being the busiest. Other significant airports include Cape Town
International Airport, King Shaka International Airport in Durban, and Lanseria
International Airport in Johannesburg.

RAILWAYS

South Africa has an extensive railway network, operated by the state-owned
Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) and several private freight
companies. The total length of South Africa’s railways is approximately 20,000
kilometers (12,427 miles), connecting major cities and towns across the country.

HIGHWAYS

South Africa has a well-developed road infrastructure, with a total road network
spanning over 750,000 kilometers (466,028 miles). The major highways include the
N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5, which link major cities and towns and provide vital
transport routes for commerce and tourism.

PORTS

South Africa has several major ports, including the Port of Durban, which is the
busiest container port in Africa. Other significant ports include the Port of
Cape Town, the Port of Richards Bay, the Port of Port Elizabeth, and the Port of
Saldanha.


COUNTRY FACTS

 * Population: 60 million
 * Capital: Pretoria (executive), Bloemfontein (judicial), Cape Town
   (legislative)
 * Languages: isiZulu, isiXhosa, Afrikaans, English, and others
 * Religion: Predominantly Christianity, with minority Muslim, Hindu, and
   traditional African beliefs
 * Race: Black African (79.4%), white (8.9%), colored (8.9%), Indian/Asian
   (2.5%)
 * Currency: South African rand (ZAR)
 * ISO Country Code: ZA
 * International Calling Code: +27
 * Top-Level Domain: .za




 




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