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July 09, 2024 09:25 AM 29 minutes ago


PBMS PAY HIGHER PRICES TO THEIR OWN PHARMACIES, FTC SAYS

Leah Nylen and John Tozzi, Bloomberg
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Drug middlemen paid their own mail-order pharmacies as much as 200 times more
than the price at rival pharmacies for commonly prescribed cancer drugs,
allowing them to bring in at least $1 billion in excess revenue and potentially
raising the costs to patients, the US Federal Trade Commission found in an
interim study.

Pharmacy benefit managers — the middlemen that negotiate with drugmakers and
manage prescription plans for employers and health insurers — influence what
drugs are available and at what cost. Years of dealmaking have wrapped them into
much larger healthcare enterprises that the FTC says exert “significant control
over which drugs are available, at what price, and which pharmacies” patients
can go to.




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Consolidating with health insurers, pharmacies and other medical businesses lets
them favor affiliated businesses under their own corporate parents, the agency
said. 



Today the six largest PBMs – which include units of CVS Health Corp., Cigna
Group and UnitedHealth Group Inc. – account for 95% of US prescriptions, the
agency found. 




PRESSURE ON INDUSTRY

Pharmacy benefit managers have attracted growing attention in Washington, and
the FTC’s study adds to pressure on the industry. Drugmakers have long accused
PBMs of pushing up medication costs. Both employer groups that fund prescription
benefits and independent pharmacies that get paid by PBMs have criticized them.
Lawmakers are weighing new restrictions on PBMs, and some states have enacted
reforms.

The FTC described how PBMs “steer” patients to their own dispensaries including
mail-order and specialty businesses, to “advantage their own pharmacies while
excluding rivals.” It cited internal emails where executives at top pharmacy
benefit managers noted client “concerns” about the pricing discrepancy on common
drugs and strategized about how to manage the “optics.”



In one internal communication cited by the FTC, an unidentified executive noted
that patients could get a commonly prescribed treatment for leukemia, a generic
version of Novartis AG’s Gleevec, for $97 at Costco Wholesale Corp., while the
company’s own mail-order pharmacy charged $19,200. The agency didn’t identify
which company that message was from.


OPTICS ‘NOT GOOD’

“We’ve created plan designs to aggressively steer customers to home delivery
where the drug cost is ~200 higher,” the executive wrote. “The optics are not
good and must be addressed.”

The FTC estimated that those increased reimbursement rates for two drugs led to
$1.6 billion in excess revenue for pharmacies affiliated with the three largest
PBMs between 2020 and 2022.

The agency also flagged concerns over how PBMs have restructured their entities
that negotiate rebates with drugmakers, creating new corporate units for that
job and moving some of them overseas. These entities, known as group purchasing
organizations, can generate new fees and rebates from drugmakers that aren’t
passed on to the PBM’s ultimate client.

The FTC opened the study into the market in 2022, seeking a wide swath of
information on what is widely considered one of healthcare’s most opaque
sectors. As part of the study, the FTC sought information from the six largest
companies including CVS, Cigna’s Express Scripts, UnitedHealth’s Optum, Humana
Inc., Prime Therapeutics LLC and MedImpact Healthcare Systems Inc.


‘ROOT CAUSE’

Critics say the PBMs operate in obscure ways, making money from health plan
clients, rebates and fees collected from drugmakers. The PBM industry says it
lowers drug prices and has blamed drugmakers as the “root cause” of prescription
drug costs.

The FTC said in its interim report that it would continue to investigate as
several of the companies it subpoenaed had yet to fully turn over documents.

The agency’s commissioners voted 4-1 to issue the interim report, with
Republican Commissioner Melissa Holyoak dissenting. In a separate statement,
Holyoak faulted the FTC for a lack of empirical analysis on how PBM behavior has
affected the prices that patients pay for drugs.

“Relying upon two examples, without any evidence (empirical or otherwise) that
demonstrates they are representative, is not a substitute for rigorous
analysis,” she wrote.

© 2024 Bloomberg L.P.

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