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Submission: On August 19 via manual from PH — Scanned from DE
Submission: On August 19 via manual from PH — Scanned from DE
Form analysis 5 forms found in the DOM
Name: logout — POST /users/sign_out/
<form name="logout" method="post" action="/users/sign_out/" style="display: block; width: 100%;" class="header-nav-accordion__item header-nav-accordion__logout-btn">
<input name="_method" value="delete" type="hidden">
<input class="user-details__csrf-token" name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="teC2SQsP2NpkC1LN9E5JIrQLXeTF0p9kJ8SxaoGqlRuKenaJTZKDBC05f5KnvrkPxSk5NwprWfk7Pi78+693Rw==">
<input class="header__user-option-logout header-nav-accordion__item-text" type="submit" value="Log out">
</form>Name: logout — POST /users/sign_out/
<form name="logout" method="post" action="/users/sign_out/" style="display: block; width: 100%;" class="header-nav-accordion__item header-nav-accordion__logout-btn">
<input name="_method" value="delete" type="hidden">
<input class="user-details__csrf-token" name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="teC2SQsP2NpkC1LN9E5JIrQLXeTF0p9kJ8SxaoGqlRuKenaJTZKDBC05f5KnvrkPxSk5NwprWfk7Pi78+693Rw==">
<input class="header__user-option-logout header-nav-accordion__item-text" type="submit" value="Log out">
</form>Name: logout — POST /users/sign_out/
<form name="logout" method="post" action="/users/sign_out/" style="display: block; width: 100%;" class="header-nav-accordion__item header-nav-accordion__logout-btn">
<input name="_method" value="delete" type="hidden">
<input class="user-details__csrf-token" name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="teC2SQsP2NpkC1LN9E5JIrQLXeTF0p9kJ8SxaoGqlRuKenaJTZKDBC05f5KnvrkPxSk5NwprWfk7Pi78+693Rw==">
<input class="header__user-option-logout header-nav-accordion__item-text" type="submit" value="Log out">
</form>Name: logout — POST /users/sign_out/
<form name="logout" method="post" action="/users/sign_out/" style="display: block; width: 100%;" class="header-nav-accordion__item header-nav-accordion__logout-btn">
<input name="_method" value="delete" type="hidden">
<input class="user-details__csrf-token" name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="teC2SQsP2NpkC1LN9E5JIrQLXeTF0p9kJ8SxaoGqlRuKenaJTZKDBC05f5KnvrkPxSk5NwprWfk7Pi78+693Rw==">
<input class="header__user-option-logout header-nav-accordion__item-text" type="submit" value="Log out">
</form><form id="moco-event-register" novalidate="">
<div class="moco-event-register row" data-class="moco-event-form" data-gtm-sub-product="Moco">
<i class="icon-close trigger-moco-form"></i>
<div class="moco-event-register__form column">
<div class="version-v1">
<div class="moco-ib-header moco-ib-header__left">
<div class="moco-ib-header__section-brand">
<img class="moco-ib-header__ib-logo" src="https://assets.interviewbit.com/assets/ibpp/moco-images/brand-bcc717b4058fed9412d98ef3bcd39d8f240669d8d79ddc3d331d26fb6529413c.svg.gz">
<div class="moco-ib-header__heading">
<span class="moco-ib-header__test-title">Free Mock Assessment</span>
<div class="moco-event-register__scaler-logo header">
<span>Powered By <img src="https://assets.interviewbit.com/assets/ibpp/moco-images/scaler-logo-40ee66d1a8bae334500f41e98b8c773993e98c129873fac82d271135bb9b51eb.svg.gz"></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="version-v2">
<div class="moco-ib-header__section-test-detail">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="version-v2">
<div class="moco-ib-header__section-test-instructions">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="version-v2">
<div class="moco-ib-header">
<div class="moco-ib-header__heading-right"> Fill up the details for personalised experience. </div>
<div class="moco-ib-header__subheading-right">
<i> All fields are mandatory </i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__form-section">
<div class="moco-event-register__form-section-static">
<!-- TYPE OF TEST SELECTION BASIC OR ADVANCE -->
<div class="moco-ib-content moco-ib-content--hide" id="moco-course-selection">
<div class="moco-ib-content__container">
<!-- INNER CONTENT WOULD BE SET , DYNAMICALLY -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__form-section-dynamic">
<!-- THIS PORTION OF FORM WILL KEEP ONCHANGING, VIA JS -->
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__form-section-static">
<div class="moco-event-register__form-section-static version-v2 assigned-version-v2">
<div class="row space-between flex-grid">
<!-- PHONE INPUT WITH COUNTRY CODE -->
<div class="moco-event-register__phone-input">
<div class="form-field " data-name="phone-number-field">
<div class="form-field__label">
<div class="form-label">
<div class="form-label__text"> Phone Number <span class="form-label__required" data-class="asterisk-mark">*</span>
</div>
<div class="form-label__hint"> OTP will be sent to this number for verification </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-field__input">
<div class="scaler-event__phone-field-wrap">
<div class="ib-phone-input scaler-event__phone-input">
<div class="ib-select ib-phone-input-country has-value is-searchable">
<div id="moco-phone-country-code" class="sr-select">
<div class="sr-select__control ">
<input data-gtm-element="phone_country_code" autocomplete="none" class="sr-select__input gtm-track-element" name="select-ignore-phone_country_code" type="text" aria-label="select phone_country_code">
<input autocomplete="none" class="sr-select__value-input " tabindex="-1" name="phone_country_code" id="input-moco-phone-country-code" type="text" required="" value="+91" aria-label="phone_country_code"
data-is-creatable="false">
<div class="sr-select__box" id="moco-phone-country-code-select-box">
<div data-gtm-element="phone_country_code" class="sr-select__placeholder"> +91 <span class="form-label__required" data-class="asterisk-mark">*</span>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__value">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__loader">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__arrow">
<i class="icon-chevron-down"></i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__dropdown sr-select__dropdown--bottom">
<div class="sr-select__hint hidden"> Type to search </div>
<div class="sr-select__options" role="listbox">
<div class="sr-select__option" role="option" data-value="+91">
<div class="phone-input__option">
<div class="phone-input__flag">
<span class="iti__flag iti__in"> </span>
</div>
<div class="phone-input__option-code"> +91 </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__create-option hidden">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__no-options hidden"> No results found </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ib-spacing-horiz"></div>
<div class="moco-event-register__material-input-group">
<input class="ib-phone-input-number moco-event-register__text-input form-input moco-input-normalized_phone" type="tel" id="moco-normalized-phone" name="normalized_phone" required="" value="">
<label class="moco-event-register__input-label moco-label-normalized_phone" for="moco-normalized-phone"> Phone Number </label>
<span class="moco-event-register__text-input-error-msg moco-error-normalized_phone"></span>
</div>
</div>
<a class="scaler-event__change-phone-number hide" id="change-phone-number">Change Number</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-field__error form-field__error--hidden">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-grad-year layout__content--fit">
<!-- GRADYEAR SELECT -->
<div class="form-field moco-event-register__gradyear-input" data-name="">
<div class="form-field__label">
<div class="form-label">
<div class="form-label__text"> Graduation Year <span class="form-label__required" data-class="asterisk-mark">*</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-field__input">
<div id="moco-event-gradyear" class="sr-select">
<div class="sr-select__control ">
<input data-gtm-element="orgyear" autocomplete="none" class="sr-select__input gtm-track-element" name="select-ignore-orgyear" type="text" aria-label="select orgyear">
<input autocomplete="none" class="sr-select__value-input " tabindex="-1" name="orgyear" id="input-moco-event-gradyear" type="text" required="" value="" aria-label="orgyear" data-is-creatable="false">
<div class="sr-select__box" id="moco-event-gradyear-select-box">
<div data-gtm-element="orgyear" class="sr-select__placeholder"> Graduation Year <span class="form-label__required" data-class="asterisk-mark">*</span>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__value">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__loader">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__arrow">
<i class="icon-chevron-down"></i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__dropdown sr-select__dropdown--bottom">
<div class="sr-select__hint hidden"> Type to search </div>
<div class="sr-select__options" role="listbox">
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="1993"> 1993 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="1994"> 1994 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="1995"> 1995 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="1996"> 1996 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="1997"> 1997 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="1998"> 1998 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="1999"> 1999 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2000"> 2000 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2001"> 2001 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2002"> 2002 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2003"> 2003 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2004"> 2004 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2005"> 2005 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2006"> 2006 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2007"> 2007 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2008"> 2008 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2009"> 2009 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2010"> 2010 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2011"> 2011 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2012"> 2012 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2013"> 2013 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2014"> 2014 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2015"> 2015 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2016"> 2016 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2017"> 2017 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2018"> 2018 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2019"> 2019 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2020"> 2020 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2021"> 2021 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2022"> 2022 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2023"> 2023 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2024"> 2024 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2025"> 2025 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2026"> 2026 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2027"> 2027 </div>
<div class="sr-select__option" data-gtm-element="option" role="option" data-permanent="false" data-value="2028"> 2028 </div>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__create-option hidden">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__no-options hidden"> No results found </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-field__error form-field__error--hidden">
</div>
</div>
<span class="moco-event-register__gradyear-input-error-msg" data-visibility="hide">
</span>
</div>
</div>
<span class="moco-ib-header__subheading-right moco-event-register__phone-input">
<i> <sup>*</sup>Enter the expected year of graduation if you're student </i>
</span>
<!-- COMPANY SELECT -->
<div class="layout__content--fit">
<div class="form-field moco-event-register__orgname-input orgname-hide" data-name="">
<div class="form-field__label">
<div class="form-label">
<div class="form-label__text"> Current Employer <span class="form-label__required" data-class="asterisk-mark">*</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-field__input">
<div id="moco-event-orgname" class="sr-select">
<div class="sr-select__control ">
<input data-gtm-element="orgname" autocomplete="none" class="sr-select__input gtm-track-element" name="select-ignore-orgname" type="text" aria-label="select orgname">
<input autocomplete="none" class="sr-select__value-input " tabindex="-1" name="orgname" id="input-moco-event-orgname" type="text" required="" value="" aria-label="orgname" data-is-creatable="false">
<div class="sr-select__box" id="moco-event-orgname-select-box">
<div data-gtm-element="orgname" class="sr-select__placeholder"> Company Name <span class="form-label__required" data-class="asterisk-mark">*</span>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__value">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__loader">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__arrow">
<i class="icon-chevron-down"></i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sr-select__dropdown sr-select__dropdown--bottom">
<div class="sr-select__hint hidden"> Type to search </div>
<div class="sr-select__options" role="listbox">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__create-option hidden">
</div>
<div class="sr-select__no-options hidden"> No results found </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-field__error form-field__error--hidden">
</div>
</div>
<span class="moco-event-register__orgname-input-error-msg" data-visibility="hide">
</span>
</div>
<div class="lazy-recaptcha m-v-10" id="ib-moco-lazy-recaptcha"></div>
</div>
<!-- OTP FORM -->
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-form hide">
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-heading hide"> Please verify your phone number </div>
<div class="moco-event-register__phone-details">
<div class="moco-event-register__phone-number-container">
<!-- WILL HAVE PHONE NUMBER DETAILS -->
<div class="country-code">
<!-- COUNTRY CODE -->
</div>
<div class="number-value">
<!-- PHONE NUMBER VALUE -->
</div>
</div>
<div id="moco-event-register-handleback">
<span data-class="edit-phone-number"> Edit </span>
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-timer version-v1">
<!-- OTP TIMER, "30 secs" -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-details">
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-input">
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-input-blocks">
<input type="text" class="otp-value">
<input type="text" class="otp-value">
<input type="text" class="otp-value">
<input type="text" class="otp-value">
<input type="text" class="otp-value">
<input type="text" class="otp-value">
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-error">
<span class="moco-event-register__text-input-error-msg moco-phone-otp-error"></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-info">
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-timer version-v2">
<!-- OTP TIMER, "30 secs" -->
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__otp-resend"> Resend OTP </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__footer-group">
<button class="moco-event-register__submit"></button>
<button class="moco-event-register__skip moco-event-register__skip--disable"> Skip <i class="moco-event-register__right-arrow"></i>
</button>
<div class="moco-event-register__steps">
<div class="moco-event-register__steps-progress"></div>
<span class="moco-event-register__steps-completed"></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__form-terms"> By clicking on Start Test, I agree to be contacted by Scaler in the future. </div>
<div class="moco-event-register__auth-message"> Already have an account? <span class="moco-event-register__auth-message-trigger gtm-track-element" data-gtm-allowed-actions="click" data-gtm-element="Moco form login button"
data-gtm-section="Moco_form"> Log in </span>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__scaler-logo footer">
<span>Powered By <img src="https://assets.interviewbit.com/assets/ibpp/scaler-logo-0b2789a8342be57762ac2306c5ccb8e34f83fc8152222fbe2736f6ce16d258ca.svg.gz"></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moco-event-register__banner">
<div class="moco-event-register__banner-section">
<span class="version-v2">
<div class="moco-ib-header moco-ib-header__left">
<div class="moco-ib-header__section-brand">
<img class="moco-ib-header__ib-logo" src="https://assets.interviewbit.com/assets/ibpp/moco-images/brand-bcc717b4058fed9412d98ef3bcd39d8f240669d8d79ddc3d331d26fb6529413c.svg.gz">
<div class="moco-ib-header__heading">
<span class="moco-ib-header__test-title">Free Mock Assessment</span>
<div class="moco-event-register__scaler-logo header">
<span>Powered By <img src="https://assets.interviewbit.com/assets/ibpp/moco-images/scaler-logo-40ee66d1a8bae334500f41e98b8c773993e98c129873fac82d271135bb9b51eb.svg.gz"></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="version-v2">
<div class="moco-ib-header__section-test-detail">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="version-v2">
<div class="moco-ib-header__section-test-instructions">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>Text Content
Don't settle for a mediocre career - get your free Career Roadmap Today! × Practice Resources Interview Guides All Problems Fast Track Courses Community Blog Interview Preparation Kit Contests Online IDE New Online C++ Compiler Online C Compiler Online Python Compiler Online Java Compiler Online JavaScript Compiler Free Mock Powered By Free Mock Assessment Take popular mock tests for free with real life interview questions from top tech companies Explore Mock Tests Powered By Mock Interview Pair up with a peer like you and practise with hand-picked questions Explore Mock Interviews Events New Scaler Please enter 3 or more characters Experience Scaler Experience Scaler Profile Settings Help Requests Profile Settings Help Requests Login to experience InterviewBit Sign in Experience Scaler Experience Scaler Profile Settings Help Requests Profile Settings Help Requests Login to experience InterviewBit Sign in Practice Improve your coding skills with our resources Resources Experience learning Interview Guides All Problems Fast Track Courses Community Blog Interview Preparation Kit Contests Compete in popular contests with top coders Online IDE Checkout our improved IDE Online C++ Compiler Online C Compiler Online Python Compiler Online Java Compiler Online JavaScript Compiler Free Mock Assess yourself and prepare for interviews Free Mock Assessment Mock Interview Events Attend free live masterclass hosted by top tech professionals New Scaler Explore Offerings by SCALER DOWNLOAD INTERVIEW GUIDE PDF Before you leave, take this Networking Interview Questions interview guide with you. Download PDF exit Get a Free Personalized Career Roadmap Answer 4 simple questions about you and get a path to a lucrative career Expand in New Tab Join Interviewbit Get free unlimited access to our resources to help you prepare for your next tech interview Sign Up or Login to get Started Continue with Google OR continue using other options Are you sure you want to Exit? You will not able to continue using resources without logging in. Yes, ExitNo / Interview Guides / Networking Interview Questions NETWORKING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Last Updated: Dec 19, 2022 Download PDF Download PDF DOWNLOAD PDF -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Your requested download is ready! Click here to download. Copied Learn via Video Course Computer Networking Course: Master Computer Networking By Srikanth Varma Popular ₹ Free 5 Enrolled: 2580 Start Learning View all courses * Basic Networking Interview Questions * 1. How are Network types classified? * 2. Explain different types of networks. * 3. Explain LAN (Local Area Network) * 4. Tell me something about VPN (Virtual Private Network) * 5. What are the advantages of using a VPN? * 6. What are the different types of VPN? * 7. What are nodes and links? * 8. What is the network topology? * 9. Define different types of network topology * 10. What is an IPv4 address? What are the different classes of IPv4? * 11. What are Private and Special IP addresses? * Intermediate Interview Questions * 12. Describe the OSI Reference Model * 13. Define the 7 different layers of the OSI Reference Model * 14. Describe the TCP/IP Reference Model * 15. Define the 4 different layers of the TCP/IP Reference Model * 16. Differentiate OSI Reference Model with TCP/IP Reference Model * 17. What are the HTTP and the HTTPS protocol? * 18. What is the SMTP protocol? * 19. What is the DNS? * 20. What is the use of a router and how is it different from a gateway? * Advanced Interview Questions * 21. What is the TCP protocol? * 22. What is the UDP protocol? * 23. Compare between TCP and UDP * 24. What is the ICMP protocol? * 25. What do you mean by the DHCP Protocol? * 26. What is the ARP protocol? * 27. What is the FTP protocol? * 28. What is the MAC address and how is it related to NIC? * 29. Differentiate the MAC address with the IP address * 30. What is a subnet? * 31. Compare the hub vs switch * 32. What is the difference between the ipconfig and the ifconfig? * 33. What is the firewall? * 34. What are Unicasting, Anycasting, Multicasting and Broadcasting? * 35. What happens when you enter google.com in the web browser? * Networking MCQs Powered by Certificate included About the Speaker What will you Learn? I wish to receive further updates and confirmation via whatsapp Register Now Learn via Video Course Computer Networking Course: Master Computer Networking By Srikanth Varma Popular ₹ Free 5 Enrolled: 2580 Start Learning View all courses What is the network? According to Merriam-Webster, Network is usually an informally interconnected group or association of different entities like a person, computers, radio stations, etc. For example, Dominos has a network of 1232 branches across India. As the name suggests the computer network is a system of peripherals or computers interconnected with each other and has a standard communication channel established between them to exchange different types of information and data. Why is the computer network so important? Have you ever heard of the Internet or the NET? I guess you have, as you are already reading this article on Interviewbit surfing the internet. But, have you ever thought about the internet? The Internet is a network of a network connecting all different network-enabled devices which enable data and information sharing between them and that makes computer networks a core part of our life and technical interviews. Below is the list of all commonly asked networking questions in technical interviews from basic to advanced levels. Play Crack your next tech interview with confidence! Take a free mock interview, get instant⚡️ feedback and recommendation💡 Attempt Now Explore free masterclasses from our top instructors Live Masterclass Taught by top industry experts Access to learning material * Software Dev * Data Science * All Events * My Events No More Events to show! View All No More Events to show! View All No More Events to show! View All No More Events to show! View All Powered by Certificate included About the Speaker What will you Learn? I wish to receive further updates and confirmation via whatsapp Register Now View All Get Access to 250+ Guides with Scaler Mobile App! Experience free learning content on the Scaler Mobile App Video Courses Exclusive Events Interview Guides Free Lectures 4.5Rating 100K+Downloads Play Store Download App Your PDF Guide has been downloaded! Get Access to 250+ Guides with Scaler Mobile App! Experience free learning content on the Scaler Mobile App Video Courses Exclusive Events Interview Guides Free Lectures 4.5Rating 100K+Downloads Play Store Download App BASIC NETWORKING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1. HOW ARE NETWORK TYPES CLASSIFIED? Network types can be classified and divided based on the area of distribution of the network. The below diagram would help to understand the same: Network Types 2. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETWORKS. Below are few types of networks: Type Description PAN (Personal Area Network) Let devices connect and communicate over the range of a person. E.g. connecting Bluetooth devices. LAN (Local Area Network) It is a privately owned network that operates within and nearby a single building like a home, office, or factory MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) It connects and covers the whole city. E.g. TV Cable connection over the city WAN (Wide Area Network) It spans a large geographical area, often a country or continent. The Internet is the largest WAN GAN (Global Area Network) It is also known as the Internet which connects the globe using satellites. The Internet is also called the Network of WANs. 3. EXPLAIN LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK) LANs are widely used to connect computers/laptops and consumer electronics which enables them to share resources (e.g., printers, fax machines) and exchange information. When LANs are used by companies or organizations, they are called enterprise networks. There are two different types of LAN networks i.e. wireless LAN (no wires involved achieved using Wi-Fi) and wired LAN (achieved using LAN cable). Wireless LANs are very popular these days for places where installing wire is difficult. The below diagrams explain both wireless and wired LAN. LAN (Local Area Network) You can download a PDF version of Networking Interview Questions. Download PDF Download PDF DOWNLOAD PDF -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Your requested download is ready! Click here to download. 4. TELL ME SOMETHING ABOUT VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK) VPN or the Virtual Private Network is a private WAN (Wide Area Network) built on the internet. It allows the creation of a secured tunnel (protected network) between different networks using the internet (public network). By using the VPN, a client can connect to the organization’s network remotely. The below diagram shows an organizational WAN network over Australia created using VPN: VPN (Virtual Private Network) 5. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING A VPN? Below are few advantages of using VPN: * VPN is used to connect offices in different geographical locations remotely and is cheaper when compared to WAN connections. * VPN is used for secure transactions and confidential data transfer between multiple offices located in different geographical locations. * VPN keeps an organization’s information secured against any potential threats or intrusions by using virtualization. * VPN encrypts the internet traffic and disguises the online identity. 6. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF VPN? Few types of VPN are: * Access VPN: Access VPN is used to provide connectivity to remote mobile users and telecommuters. It serves as an alternative to dial-up connections or ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) connections. It is a low-cost solution and provides a wide range of connectivity. * Site-to-Site VPN: A Site-to-Site or Router-to-Router VPN is commonly used in large companies having branches in different locations to connect the network of one office to another in different locations. There are 2 sub-categories as mentioned below: * Intranet VPN: Intranet VPN is useful for connecting remote offices in different geographical locations using shared infrastructure (internet connectivity and servers) with the same accessibility policies as a private WAN (wide area network). * Extranet VPN: Extranet VPN uses shared infrastructure over an intranet, suppliers, customers, partners, and other entities and connects them using dedicated connections. 7. WHAT ARE NODES AND LINKS? Node: Any communicating device in a network is called a Node. Node is the point of intersection in a network. It can send/receive data and information within a network. Examples of the node can be computers, laptops, printers, servers, modems, etc. Link: A link or edge refers to the connectivity between two nodes in the network. It includes the type of connectivity (wired or wireless) between the nodes and protocols used for one node to be able to communicate with the other. Nodes and Links 8. WHAT IS THE NETWORK TOPOLOGY? Network topology is a physical layout of the network, connecting the different nodes using the links. It depicts the connectivity between the computers, devices, cables, etc. 9. DEFINE DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY The different types of network topology are given below: Bus Topology: Bus Topology * All the nodes are connected using the central link known as the bus. * It is useful to connect a smaller number of devices. * If the main cable gets damaged, it will damage the whole network. Star Topology: Star Topology * All the nodes are connected to one single node known as the central node. * It is more robust. * If the central node fails the complete network is damaged. * Easy to troubleshoot. * Mainly used in home and office networks. Ring Topology: Ring Topology * Each node is connected to exactly two nodes forming a ring structure * If one of the nodes are damaged, it will damage the whole network * It is used very rarely as it is expensive and hard to install and manage Mesh Topology: Mesh Topology * Each node is connected to one or many nodes. * It is robust as failure in one link only disconnects that node. * It is rarely used and installation and management are difficult. Tree Topology: Tree Topology * A combination of star and bus topology also know as an extended bus topology. * All the smaller star networks are connected to a single bus. * If the main bus fails, the whole network is damaged. Hybrid: * It is a combination of different topologies to form a new topology. * It helps to ignore the drawback of a particular topology and helps to pick the strengths from other. 10. WHAT IS AN IPV4 ADDRESS? WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF IPV4? An IP address is a 32-bit dynamic address of a node in the network. An IPv4 address has 4 octets of 8-bit each with each number with a value up to 255. IPv4 classes are differentiated based on the number of hosts it supports on the network. There are five types of IPv4 classes and are based on the first octet of IP addresses which are classified as Class A, B, C, D, or E. IPv4 Class IPv4 Start Address IPv4 End Address Usage A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 Used for Large Network B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 Used for Medium Size Network C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 Used for Local Area Network D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Reserved for Multicasting E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.254 Study and R&D Also, check out Scaler topics' Free Computer Networks course with certification to learn the fundamentals of computer networking. 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Premium Explore Scaler Premium Program and unlock a world of benefits We have received your request. Someone from our team will soon connect with you Structured Curriculum Experience expert-led learning with our industry-proven curriculum 1:1 Mentorship Sessions Learn from industry experts with our personalised 1:1 Mentorship Career Support We're dedicated to helping you achieve your career goals I'm Interested Explore Scaler for FREE 11. WHAT ARE PRIVATE AND SPECIAL IP ADDRESSES? Private Address: For each class, there are specific IPs that are reserved specifically for private use only. This IP address cannot be used for devices on the Internet as they are non-routable. IPv4 Class Private IPv4 Start Address Private IPv4 End Address A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 Special Address: IP Range from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 are network testing addresses also known as loopback addresses are the special IP address. INTERMEDIATE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 12. DESCRIBE THE OSI REFERENCE MODEL Open System Interconnections (OSI) is a network architecture model based on the ISO standards. It is called the OSI model as it deals with connecting the systems that are open for communication with other systems. The OSI model has seven layers. The principles used to arrive at the seven layers can be summarized briefly as below: * Create a new layer if a different abstraction is needed. * Each layer should have a well-defined function. * The function of each layer is chosen based on internationally standardized protocols. 13. DEFINE THE 7 DIFFERENT LAYERS OF THE OSI REFERENCE MODEL Here the 7 layers of the OSI reference model: Layers of OSI Model Layer Unit Exchanged Description Physical Bit * It is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel. * Chooses which type of transmission mode is to be selected for the transmission. The available transmission modes are Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex., Data Link Frame * The main task of this layer is to transform a raw transmission facility into a line that appears free of undetected transmission errors. * It also allows detecting damaged packets using the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) error-detecting, code. * When more than one node is connected to a shared link, Data Link Layer protocols are required to determine which device has control over the link at a given time. * It is implemented by protocols like CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, ALOHA, and Token Passing. Network Packet * It controls the operation of the subnet. * The network layer takes care of feedback messaging through ICMP messages. Transport TPDU - Transaction Protocol Data Unit * The basic functionality of this layer is to accept data from the above layers, split it up into smaller units if needed, pass these to the network layer, and ensure that all the pieces arrive correctly at the other end. * The Transport Layer takes care of Segmentation and Reassembly. Session SPDU - Session Protocol Data Unit * The session layer allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them. * Dialogue control is using the full-duplex link as half-duplex. It sends out dummy packets from the client to the server when the client is ideal. Presentation PPDU - Presentation Protocol Data Unit * The presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information transmitted. * It translates a message from a common form to the encoded format which will be understood by the receiver. Application APDU - Application Protocol Data Unit * It contains a variety of protocols that are commonly needed by users. * The application layer sends data of any size to the transport layer. 14. DESCRIBE THE TCP/IP REFERENCE MODEL It is a compressed version of the OSI model with only 4 layers. It was developed by the US Department of Defence (DoD) in the 1980s. The name of this model is based on 2 standard protocols used i.e. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol). 15. DEFINE THE 4 DIFFERENT LAYERS OF THE TCP/IP REFERENCE MODEL Layers of TCP/IP Layer Description Link Decides which links such as serial lines or classic Ethernet must be used to meet the needs of the connectionless internet layer. Internet * The internet layer is the most important layer which holds the whole architecture together. * It delivers the IP packets where they are supposed to be delivered. Transport Its functionality is almost the same as the OSI transport layer. It enables peer entities on the network to carry on a conversation. Application It contains all the higher-level protocols. 16. DIFFERENTIATE OSI REFERENCE MODEL WITH TCP/IP REFERENCE MODEL OSI Vs TCP/IP OSI Reference Model TCP/IP Reference Model 7 layered architecture 4 layered architecture Fixed boundaries and functionality for each layer Flexible architecture with no strict boundaries between layers Low Reliability High Reliability Vertical Layer Approach Horizontal Layer Approach 17. WHAT ARE THE HTTP AND THE HTTPS PROTOCOL? HTTP is the HyperText Transfer Protocol which defines the set of rules and standards on how the information can be transmitted on the World Wide Web (WWW). It helps the web browsers and web servers for communication. It is a ‘stateless protocol’ where each command is independent with respect to the previous command. HTTP is an application layer protocol built upon the TCP. It uses port 80 by default. HTTPS is the HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure or Secure HTTP. It is an advanced and secured version of HTTP. On top of HTTP, SSL/TLS protocol is used to provide security. It enables secure transactions by encrypting the communication and also helps identify network servers securely. It uses port 443 by default. 18. WHAT IS THE SMTP PROTOCOL? SMTP is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. SMTP sets the rule for communication between servers. This set of rules helps the software to transmit emails over the internet. It supports both End-to-End and Store-and-Forward methods. It is in always-listening mode on port 25. SMTP Protocol 19. WHAT IS THE DNS? DNS is the Domain Name System. It is considered as the devices/services directory of the Internet. It is a decentralized and hierarchical naming system for devices/services connected to the Internet. It translates the domain names to their corresponding IPs. For e.g. interviewbit.com to 172.217.166.36. It uses port 53 by default. 20. WHAT IS THE USE OF A ROUTER AND HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM A GATEWAY? The router is a networking device used for connecting two or more network segments. It directs the traffic in the network. It transfers information and data like web pages, emails, images, videos, etc. from source to destination in the form of packets. It operates at the network layer. The gateways are also used to route and regulate the network traffic but, they can also send data between two dissimilar networks while a router can only send data to similar networks. ADVANCED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 21. WHAT IS THE TCP PROTOCOL? TCP or TCP/IP is the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is a set of rules that decides how a computer connects to the Internet and how to transmit the data over the network. It creates a virtual network when more than one computer is connected to the network and uses the three ways handshake model to establish the connection which makes it more reliable. 22. WHAT IS THE UDP PROTOCOL? UDP is the User Datagram Protocol and is based on Datagrams. Mainly, it is used for multicasting and broadcasting. Its functionality is almost the same as TCP/IP Protocol except for the three ways of handshaking and error checking. It uses a simple transmission without any hand-shaking which makes it less reliable. 23. COMPARE BETWEEN TCP AND UDP TCP/IP UDP Connection-Oriented Protocol Connectionless Protocol More Reliable Less Reliable Slower Transmission Faster Transmission Packets order can be preserved or can be rearranged Packets order is not fixed and packets are independent of each other Uses three ways handshake model for connection No handshake for establishing the connection TCP packets are heavy-weight UDP packets are light-weight Offers error checking mechanism No error checking mechanism Protocols like HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, HTTPS, etc use TCP at the transport layer Protocols like DNS, RIP, SNMP, RTP, BOOTP, TFTP, NIP, etc use UDP at the transport layer TCP VS UDP 24. WHAT IS THE ICMP PROTOCOL? ICMP is the Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a network layer protocol used for error handling. It is mainly used by network devices like routers for diagnosing the network connection issues and crucial for error reporting and testing if the data is reaching the preferred destination in time. It uses port 7 by default. 25. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE DHCP PROTOCOL? DHCP is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is an application layer protocol used to auto-configure devices on IP networks enabling them to use the TCP and UDP-based protocols. The DHCP servers auto-assign the IPs and other network configurations to the devices individually which enables them to communicate over the IP network. It helps to get the subnet mask, IP address and helps to resolve the DNS. It uses port 67 by default. 26. WHAT IS THE ARP PROTOCOL? ARP is Address Resolution Protocol. It is a network-level protocol used to convert the logical address i.e. IP address to the device's physical address i.e. MAC address. It can also be used to get the MAC address of devices when they are trying to communicate over the local network. ARP Protocol 27. WHAT IS THE FTP PROTOCOL? FTP is a File Transfer Protocol. It is an application layer protocol used to transfer files and data reliably and efficiently between hosts. It can also be used to download files from remote servers to your computer. It uses port 27 by default. 28. WHAT IS THE MAC ADDRESS AND HOW IS IT RELATED TO NIC? MAC address is the Media Access Control address. It is a 48-bit or 64-bit unique identifier of devices in the network. It is also called the physical address embedded with Network Interface Card (NIC) used at the Data Link Layer. NIC is a hardware component in the networking device using which a device can connect to the network. 29. DIFFERENTIATE THE MAC ADDRESS WITH THE IP ADDRESS The difference between MAC address and IP address are as follows: MAC Address IP Address Media Access Control Address Internet Protocol Address 6 or 8-byte hexadecimal number 4 (IPv4) or 16 (IPv6) Byte address It is embedded with NIC It is obtained from the network Physical Address Logical Address Operates at Data Link Layer Operates at Network Layer. Helps to identify the device Helps to identify the device connectivity on the network. 30. WHAT IS A SUBNET? A subnet is a network inside a network achieved by the process called subnetting which helps divide a network into subnets. It is used for getting a higher routing efficiency and enhances the security of the network. It reduces the time to extract the host address from the routing table. Subnet 31. COMPARE THE HUB VS SWITCH Hub Switch Operates at Physical Layer Operates at Data Link Layer Half-Duplex transmission mode Full-Duplex transmission mode Ethernet devices can be connectedsend LAN devices can be connected Less complex, less intelligent, and cheaper Intelligent and effective No software support for the administration Administration software support is present Less speed up to 100 MBPS Supports high speed in GBPS Less efficient as there is no way to avoid collisions when more than one nodes sends the packets at the same time More efficient as the collisions can be avoided or reduced as compared to Hub 32. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE IPCONFIG AND THE IFCONFIG? ipconfig ifconfig Internet Protocol Configuration Interface Configuration Command used in Microsoft operating systems to view and configure network interfaces Command used in MAC, Linux, UNIX operating systems to view and configure network interfaces Used to get the TCP/IP summary and allows to changes the DHCP and DNS settings 33. WHAT IS THE FIREWALL? The firewall is a network security system that is used to monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic and blocks the same based on the firewall security policies. It acts as a wall between the internet (public network) and the networking devices (a private network). It is either a hardware device, software program, or a combination of both. It adds a layer of security to the network. Firewall 34. WHAT ARE UNICASTING, ANYCASTING, MULTICASTING AND BROADCASTING? * Unicasting: If the message is sent to a single node from the source then it is known as unicasting. This is commonly used in networks to establish a new connection. * Anycasting: If the message is sent to any of the nodes from the source then it is known as anycasting. It is mainly used to get the content from any of the servers in the Content Delivery System. * Multicasting: If the message is sent to a subset of nodes from the source then it is known as multicasting. Used to send the same data to multiple receivers. * Broadcasting: If the message is sent to all the nodes in a network from a source then it is known as broadcasting. DHCP and ARP in the local network use broadcasting. 35. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU ENTER GOOGLE.COM IN THE WEB BROWSER? Below are the steps that are being followed: * Check the browser cache first if the content is fresh and present in cache display the same. * If not, the browser checks if the IP of the URL is present in the cache (browser and OS) if not then request the OS to do a DNS lookup using UDP to get the corresponding IP address of the URL from the DNS server to establish a new TCP connection. * A new TCP connection is set between the browser and the server using three-way handshaking. * An HTTP request is sent to the server using the TCP connection. * The web servers running on the Servers handle the incoming HTTP request and send the HTTP response. * The browser process the HTTP response sent by the server and may close the TCP connection or reuse the same for future requests. * If the response data is cacheable then browsers cache the same. * Browser decodes the response and renders the content. CONCLUSION In today’s world, it is very hard to stay away from the Internet and that is what makes networking one of the most important interview topics. As of 2021 if we check the facts, there is a total of 1.3 million kilometers of submarine optical fiber cables set globally to connect the world to the Internet. These cables are more than enough to revolve around the earth more than 100 times. RESOURCES Learn Coding How To Become Network Engineer Network Engineer Salary NETWORKING MCQS 1. Which of the following uses UDP as the transport layer protocol? HTTP Telnet SMTP DNS 2. Which of the following is an application layer service? Remote login File transfer and access Mail Service All the above 3. What is the primary purpose of ARP? Translate URLs to IP Address. Resolve IPV4 addresses to MAC addresses. Provide dynamic IP configuration to network devices. Convert interval private addresses to external public addresses. 4. 127.0.127.195 is a: Limited Broadcast Address Direct Broadcast Address Multicast Address Loopback Address 5. In the network layer stack, which layer is responsible for the link to link communication: Physical layer Data link layer Network layer Transport layer 6. Which of the following is a private address: 11.1.2.3 100.10.0.1 192.168.1.1 255.255.0.0 7. Which of the following layer is responsible for routing Physical layer Data link layer Network layer Transport layer 8. 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