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Elasticsearch Guide [7.16] » Secure the Elastic Stack » Configure security for
the Elastic Stack » Set up minimal security for Elasticsearch
« Configure security for the Elastic Stack Set up basic security for the Elastic
Stack »
SET UP MINIMAL SECURITY FOR ELASTICSEARCHEDIT
You enable the Elasticsearch security features and then create passwords for
built-in users. You can add more users later, but using the built-in users
simplifies the process of enabling security for your cluster.
The minimal security scenario is not sufficient for production mode clusters. If
your cluster has multiple nodes, you must enable minimal security and then
configure Transport Layer Security (TLS) between nodes.
PREREQUISITESEDIT
1. Install and configure Elasticsearch and Kibana. See Getting started with the
Elastic Stack.
2. Verify that you are using a license that includes the specific security
features you want.
The basic license includes minimal security settings for the Elastic Stack,
so you can just download the distribution and get to work. You can also
enable a free trial license to access all features of the Elastic Stack. See
subscriptions and license management.
ENABLE ELASTICSEARCH SECURITY FEATURESEDIT
When you use the basic license, the Elasticsearch security features are disabled
by default. Enabling the Elasticsearch security features enables basic
authentication so that you can run a local cluster with username and password
authentication.
1. On every node in your cluster, stop both Kibana and Elasticsearch if they
are running.
2. On every node in your cluster, add the xpack.security.enabled setting to the
$ES_PATH_CONF/elasticsearch.yml file and set the value to true:
xpack.security.enabled: true
The $ES_PATH_CONF variable is the path for the Elasticsearch configuration
files. If you installed Elasticsearch using archive distributions (zip or
tar.gz), the variable defaults to $ES_HOME/config. If you used package
distributions (Debian or RPM), the variable defaults to /etc/elasticsearch.
3. If your cluster has a single node, add the discovery.type setting in the
$ES_PATH_CONF/elasticsearch.yml file and set the value to single-node. This
setting ensures that your node does not inadvertently connect to other
clusters that might be running on your network.
discovery.type: single-node
CREATE PASSWORDS FOR BUILT-IN USERSEDIT
To communicate with the cluster, you must configure a username for the built-in
users. Unless you enable anonymous access, all requests that don’t include a
user name and password are rejected.
You only need to set passwords for the elastic and kibana_system users when
enabling minimal or basic security.
1. On every node in your cluster, start Elasticsearch. For example, if you
installed Elasticsearch with a .tar.gz package, run the following command
from the ES_HOME directory:
./bin/elasticsearch
2. In another terminal window, set the passwords for the built-in users by
running the elasticsearch-setup-passwords utility.
You can run the elasticsearch-setup-passwords utility against any node in
your cluster. However, you should only run this utility one time for the
entire cluster.
Using the auto parameter outputs randomly-generated passwords to the console
that you can change later if necessary:
./bin/elasticsearch-setup-passwords auto
If you want to use your own passwords, run the command with the interactive
parameter instead of the auto parameter. Using this mode steps you through
password configuration for all of the built-in users.
./bin/elasticsearch-setup-passwords interactive
3. Save the generated passwords. You’ll need them to add the built-in user to
Kibana.
After you set a password for the elastic user, you cannot run the
elasticsearch-setup-passwords command a second time.
Next: Configure Kibana to connect to Elasticsearch with a password
CONFIGURE KIBANA TO CONNECT TO ELASTICSEARCH WITH A PASSWORDEDIT
When the Elasticsearch security features are enabled, users must log in to
Kibana with a valid username and password.
You’ll configure Kibana to use the built-in kibana_system user and the password
that you created earlier. Kibana performs some background tasks that require use
of the kibana_system user.
This account is not meant for individual users and does not have permission to
log in to Kibana from a browser. Instead, you’ll log in to Kibana as the elastic
superuser.
1. Add the elasticsearch.username setting to the KIB_PATH_CONF/kibana.yml file
and set the value to the kibana_system user:
elasticsearch.username: "kibana_system"
The KIB_PATH_CONF variable is the path for the Kibana configuration files.
If you installed Kibana using archive distributions (zip or tar.gz), the
variable defaults to KIB_HOME/config. If you used package distributions
(Debian or RPM), the variable defaults to /etc/kibana.
2. From the directory where you installed Kibana, run the following commands to
create the Kibana keystore and add the secure settings:
1. Create the Kibana keystore:
./bin/kibana-keystore create
2. Add the password for the kibana_system user to the Kibana keystore:
./bin/kibana-keystore add elasticsearch.password
When prompted, enter the password for the kibana_system user.
3. Restart Kibana. For example, if you installed Kibana with a .tar.gz package,
run the following command from the Kibana directory:
./bin/kibana
4. Log in to Kibana as the elastic user. Use this superuser account to manage
spaces, create new users, and assign roles. If you’re running Kibana
locally, go to http://localhost:5601 to view the login page.
WHAT’S NEXT?EDIT
Congratulations! You enabled password protection for your local cluster to
prevent unauthorized access. You can log in to Kibana securely as the elastic
user and create additional users and roles. If you’re running a single-node
cluster, then you can stop here.
If your cluster has multiple nodes, then you must configure Transport Layer
Security (TLS) between nodes. Production mode clusters will not start if you do
not enable TLS.
Set up basic security for the Elastic Stack to secure all internal communication
between nodes in your cluster.
« Configure security for the Elastic Stack Set up basic security for the Elastic
Stack »
ON THIS PAGE
* Prerequisites
* Enable Elasticsearch security features
* Create passwords for built-in users
* Configure Kibana to connect to Elasticsearch with a password
* What’s next?
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