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Trust & security


VANGUARD'S ONLINE PRIVACY NOTICE

The following Online Privacy Notice is provided by the Vanguard funds, The
Vanguard Group, Inc., and their affiliates, including Vanguard Marketing
Corporation, Vanguard Advisers, Inc., Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company, Vanguard
National Trust Company, and Vanguard Personalized Indexing Management, LLC
(collectively, Vanguard). This Online Privacy Notice applies to personal
information we collect about visitors to Vanguard.com websites, mobile
applications, and other online services that link to this notice.

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Our U.S. Personal Investor Privacy Notice applies to information that Vanguard
collects about individuals who seek, apply for, or obtain our financial products
and services for personal, family, or household purposes.

Please click here to view our Privacy notice for California residents.

 


OUR COMMITMENT TO YOU

As a Vanguard investor, prospective investor, retirement plan sponsor or
participant, or institutional investor, you may entrust to our care not only
your money but your personal and financial information as well. We recognize
that your relationship with us is based on trust, and that you expect us to act
responsibly and in your best interests. When we share client or prospective
client information—whether it is your personal information or the fact that you
are or may become a Vanguard client—we do so under the circumstances described
in this policy.

We use your personal information primarily to respond to your inquiries or
requests; to maintain and protect your accounts; to process transactions that
you submit; to fulfill our legal obligations; for research and analytical
purposes; and to develop, offer, and provide the financial products and services
that we offer or sponsor. 


THE PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT ABOUT YOU

The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or
service you have with us. Examples of personal information we collect may
include, among other things, your name and address, Social Security or taxpayer
identification number, date of birth, assets, income, account balances,
investment activity, accounts at other institutions, and information collected
through your use of our website.

You provide personal information when you complete a Vanguard account
application. (If you enter information in an online account application, we may
store the information even if you don't complete or submit the application.) You
also provide personal information when you request information or materials from
us or otherwise interact with Vanguard, as well as when you transact in your
accounts or attend virtual events presented by Vanguard.

In addition to personal information you provide to us, we may receive
information about you that you authorize other parties to provide to us. We also
may obtain personal information from service providers not affiliated with
Vanguard in order to verify your identity, to prevent fraud, or to help us
identify products and services that may be of interest to you. The information
we collect about you may be transferred to or stored by Vanguard or our service
providers in the United States or elsewhere, as permitted by law.

We may combine the information collected on our website or through our mobile
application with information collected from or about you in other contexts. This
may include information collected online, such as through cookies or our email
exchanges with you, or from offline sources, such as when you establish your
account with us or call customer service. We will treat such combined
information in accordance with this policy. If you do not wish to provide
information to Vanguard, we may be unable to provide certain products or
services to you.

 


HOW WE USE AND DISCLOSE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION

We may use and share your personal information when needed to complete
transactions at your request, to provide our services, to make you aware of
financial products and services that we offer, to market or advertise our
products or services, or where legally compelled to do so. Here are the details:

 * In order to complete certain transactions or account changes that you direct,
   it may be necessary to provide identifying information about you to
   companies, individuals, or groups that are not affiliated with Vanguard. For
   example, if you ask to transfer assets from another financial institution to
   Vanguard, we will need to provide certain information about you to that
   institution to complete the transaction, including but not limited to your
   name and relevant account information.
 * In order to alert you to other financial products and services that Vanguard
   offers or sponsors, we may share your information within the Vanguard family
   of affiliated companies, to the extent permitted by law. This would include,
   for example, sharing your contact information and information about your
   current product and service usage within Vanguard to make you aware of new
   Vanguard funds or other investment offerings, advice services, brokerage
   services, or asset management and trust services.
 * To provide retirement plan education that may increase participants' chances
   of meeting their financial goals, or the goals of the plan, and to educate
   clients and participants about financial products and services that Vanguard
   offers or sponsors, to better understand our clients' needs, and to improve
   our product and service offerings, we may share client, plan, and/or
   participant information within the Vanguard family of affiliated companies,
   to the extent permitted by law.
 * At the direction of a retirement plan sponsor, we may provide client, plan,
   and/or participant information to third parties, such as service providers of
   the plan or the plan sponsor.
 * In certain instances, we contract with service providers to perform services
   for us. Where necessary and in accordance with legal requirements, we may
   disclose any personal information we have about you to these service
   providers, or you may provide certain personal information to these service
   providers directly. In all such cases, we provide the service providers with
   information about you only as necessary to carry out its responsibilities as
   provided in its agreement with us, and only for that purpose. And we require
   these service providers to treat your information with the same high degree
   of confidentiality that we do.
 * In order to market our products and services, we engage non-financial
   companies to show you relevant advertisements while you browse other websites
   or use social media. For further information on these activities, please see
   the section titled Interest-Based Advertising, below.
 * Finally, we will release information about prospective, current, or former
   customers if you direct or authorize us to do so, if we are compelled by law
   or legal process to do so, to comply with regulatory or legal requirements,
   or in other legally limited circumstances (for example, to prevent fraud).


COOKIES, WEB BEACONS, AND ONLINE PRIVACY

Our concern for the privacy of our investors and prospective investors naturally
extends to those who use our personal investors website, investor.vanguard.com,
and our Vanguard investors mobile application.

Our website and our mobile application use some of the most secure forms of
online communication available, including data encryption, transmission
encryption, usernames and passwords, adaptive authentication techniques, and
back-end fraud and account monitoring. These technologies provide a high level
of security and privacy when you access your account information, initiate
online transactions, or send secure messages.

We use a variety of online technologies, as described further below, to collect
information that helps us understand how our website and our mobile application
are used. Specifically, when you visit Vanguard online, we or our service
providers may automatically collect a variety of technical and navigational
information about you via these technologies, including, as applicable: your
computer or device type; operating system version; browser type and version;
user agent string; internet connection type; mobile network provider; date and
time of your visit; time since your last visit; pages you view; links you
select; searches you conduct; the internet protocol (IP) address used to access
our website or mobile application; your general geographic location (e.g., your
city, state, or zip code); and the website visited before our site. We also may
use similar tracking technologies in emails that we or our service providers
send to you, as further described below. This information may be used for
purposes, including: to alert you to software compatibility issues, to resolve
technical or service problems, and for security purposes. We also analyze this
information, with the assistance of our service providers and to the extent
permitted by law, to improve our website and mobile application design and
functionality, to enhance our ability to serve you and your accounts, and to
tailor our communications to you regarding our products and services. 

 


COOKIES 

A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that is stored on your computer
or other device when you visit a website or a mobile application. Cookies
contain information that is transferred to or read on your device and allow
websites and mobile applications to recognize devices and store certain
information, such as user preferences. Cookies are used to distinguish you from
other users of our online services. This helps us to personalize and improve
your user experience and help enhance site navigation, and to develop, offer,
and provide our products and services to you. Cookies also help us to understand
how people use our online services so that we can improve their structure,
functionality, security, and content. We and our service providers use session
cookies, which link your actions during a particular online session and expire
at the end of that session, as well as persistent cookies, which remain on your
device and allow us to remember your actions or preferences across multiple
browser sessions.

If you are concerned about having cookies on your computer or other device, you
can set your web browser to refuse all cookies or to indicate when a cookie is
being set, allowing you to decide whether to accept it. You can also delete
cookies from your device. The help feature on most web browsers will tell you
how to prevent your browser from accepting new cookies, how to receive notice
when a new cookie is set, and how to disable cookies altogether. However, if you
choose to block or delete cookies, certain features of our website or our mobile
application may not operate correctly. Information about how to limit the use of
cookies for certain purposes (such as Interest-Based Advertising) is discussed
below in the section titled Your Choices.

 


WEB BEACONS 

Our website, our mobile application, and the emails that you receive from
Vanguard use an application known as a web beacon (also known as a pixel tag or
clear gif). A web beacon is an electronic file that usually consists of a
single-pixel image, embedded in a web or mobile application page or an email to
measure usage and activity. In some cases, a web beacon triggers the placement
of a persistent cookie on your device. Web beacons allow us, directly or through
our service providers, to collect information used for website and mobile
application analytics, such as how many users have visited particular pages or
downloaded documents, or how frequently users search for a particular term.  We
and our service providers also use web beacons and cookies to determine whether
and when you receive and open our emails, and whether you select any links in an
email.  However, we do not use them to view or collect data in cookies or
similar data files created by other websites.  For further information on how we
and our service providers collect and use such information, and to learn more
about how to limit such information sharing, please visit the
sections titled Interest-Based Advertising and Your Choices, below.

Third Party Websites/Online Services. Our website includes links to third-party
sites or information that we think may be of interest to you. When you select
these links and leave our website, our site's terms and conditions of use and
this Online Privacy Notice no longer apply. You are responsible for complying
with the third-party site's terms of use and understanding its privacy policy,
both of which you should review carefully.

Our website may enable you to share information directly with websites or online
services operated by third parties. For example, our site contains features that
allow you to share articles or content through Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and
other services, and to view content through video players and other services
(such as the YouTube video player). If you choose to use these features, you may
disclose information to those websites or services and their users, and to the
public more generally. Even if you do not select these plug-in features, these
third parties may collect information about you, such as your IP address and the
pages that you view, and they may also set and/or access a cookie on your
device. Because these third-party websites and services are not operated by
Vanguard, we are not responsible for their content or practices. The collection,
use, and disclosure of information through these websites and services are
subject to the privacy policies of the third-party websites or services.


ANALYTICS 

We engage service providers to collect the information discussed above to engage
in analysis, auditing, research, and reporting. These service providers may set
and access cookies on your computer or other device and may use web beacons to
collect information about your activity on our website or our mobile
application.

Adobe Analytics.  Our website and mobile application use Adobe Analytics to help
collect and analyze certain information for the purposes discussed above. The
information generated about your use of our online services may be transmitted
to and stored by Adobe Analytics on servers outside your country of residence.

Google reCAPTCHA.  We have implemented Google reCAPTCHA (“reCAPTCHA”) on certain
websites to enhance your online account security and prevent fraud. This service
is provided by Google LLC (“Google”). We use reCAPTCHA to determine whether an
input is made by a natural person or by automated technology. reCAPTCHA analyzes
and collects certain personal information about website visitors, including but
not limited to: IP address, cookies, mouse movements, and length of stay on the
website. By using reCAPTCHA, your personal information may be transferred to
Google and other third parties to confirm that you are a human being and not an
automated processor or spam bot. The use of reCAPTCHA is subject to
Google’s Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


INTEREST-BASED ADVERTISING

We also engage service providers, including social networks, to provide targeted
advertising services that are customized based on your online activities over
time and across unaffiliated websites (Interest-Based Advertising) and to help
us measure brand awareness and the effectiveness of our online advertising.
These service providers may use cookies, web beacons, and other similar
technologies to collect information about your activity on our website, and they
may combine it with information about your activity on other, unaffiliated
websites. We and our service providers may use data collected on our website or
when you open emails from Vanguard, together with other information we have
about you and your Vanguard relationships, to serve Vanguard ads to you on their
platforms and other sites as you browse the web. For example, we may share your
email address with our advertising service providers so that they can target ads
for Vanguard products and services to you on non-Vanguard websites. In addition,
our advertising service providers might use information collected during your
use of our online services, including limited demographic information (e.g.,
age), to help target non-Vanguard advertisements based on your online activity
in general.

We may use service providers’ technologies that enable us to establish
connections among related devices (such as smartphones, tablets, and computers).
This means that information about your interactions with our online services and
online advertising through different devices may be combined. By making these
connections, we may be able to better understand the relevance of our content
and the impact of our advertising and to customize that content and advertising
for you.


YOUR CHOICES

You can limit how we share certain personal information by following the steps
described below. For further information on your choices, please visit
the Vanguard Privacy Center. If you are no longer our customer, we may continue
to share your information as described in this Online Privacy Notice. However,
you may choose to limit our sharing of your information at any time as described
below.

Interest-Based Advertising – Vanguard’s U.S. Personal Investor and Financial
Advisors Websites.  When you access Vanguard’s U.S. Personal Investor or
Financial Advisors websites (investor.vanguard.com or
https://advisors.vanguard.com/), we will provide you with the ability to limit
certain third-party data sharing related to Interest-Based Advertising with
certain service providers. To limit this sharing for these sites, please
click here.  When you complete this process, you will provide us with your email
address.  We will send you a validation code to the email address you specify,
and once you confirm that validation code electronically, we will remove the
email address you specified from third party sharing. If you have more than one
email address on file with us, you will need to complete this process for each
email address on file to fully limit our sharing.  By clicking on the “Manage
Cookies” link at the bottom of Vanguard’s Personal Investor,  Financial
Advisors, or Corporate websites, you may also further limit the collection of
information by certain cookies, as well as the sharing of cookie information
related to Interest-Based Advertising.  Note that blocking some types of cookies
may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer. To
learn more, visit the Vanguard Privacy Center.

Interest-Based Advertising – Other Vanguard Websites.  For other Vanguard
websites, Vanguard complies with the Self-Regulatory Program for Online
Behavioral Advertising managed by the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA). As
part of this service, Vanguard's targeted advertisements on other websites are
delivered with icons that help individuals understand how their information is
being used and provide choices for individuals who want more control. For
information about Interest-Based Advertising and how to opt out, please visit
the DAA consumer choice page, available here. Opting out of Interest-Based
Advertising means that a user will no longer receive ads targeted to the user by
the companies listed on the consumer choice page, but clients and participants
may still receive targeted ads from other companies or based on the particular
website or page that they are viewing. Also, if a web browser is set to reject
cookies when a user visits the YourAdChoices opt-out page, or if browser cookies
are subsequently cleared, the opt-out may not be or remain effective.

Adobe Analytics.  You may limit the use of cookies by Adobe Analytics by
clicking here. 

Do Not Track Signals.  Although our website currently does not respond to “do
not track” browser settings, you can limit tracking by taking the steps
discussed above. 


HOW WE SAFEGUARD YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION

Within Vanguard, we restrict access to information about you to those Vanguard
employees who need to know the information in order to perform their jobs, such
as servicing your accounts, providing you with information you request, or
notifying you of new products and services. To protect your personal
information, we maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards in
keeping with industry standards and practices, and we review and adjust these
safeguards regularly in response to advances in technology. To learn more about
our online security and privacy features, please visit our Security Center.

Safeguard your account information.  For your protection, you should not provide
your account information, username, or password to anyone. If you become aware
of any suspicious activity relating to your account or if you suspect fraud,
please call us at 855-484-2801 or email us at fraud@vanguard.com.

Review your account information.  Vanguard offers a variety of options for
accessing and reviewing your account information. You can review your
information on your statements and other account documents, as well as through
our automated phone services and website. You may also write or call us with
your request for information. Specific website addresses, mailing addresses, and
phone numbers are listed on your account statements and other Vanguard
correspondence. 

 


WEBSITE NOT FOR CHILDREN

Our website and apps are neither intended for, nor targeted to children under
16, and we do not collect personal information directly from children under 16.
We receive limited personal information about children from parents and other
responsible adults only as required to establish and maintain accounts for the
children’s benefit.

 


WE WILL KEEP YOU INFORMED

We will notify you of our online privacy notice as required by law. We reserve
the right to modify this policy at any time, but rest assured that if we do
change it, we will tell you promptly.

 


CONTACT US

If you have questions about the way in which we have handled information about
you, please do not hesitate to send us an email at privacy@vanguard.com.

Last updated:  February 2024.




WE TAKE YOUR PRIVACY SERIOUSLY

Privacy center



WE TAKE YOUR PRIVACY SERIOUSLY

Privacy center





YOUR PRIVACY




 * YOUR PRIVACY


 * STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES


 * PERFORMANCE COOKIES


 * FUNCTIONAL COOKIES


 * TARGETING COOKIES

YOUR PRIVACY

When you visit any website, it may store or retrieve information on your
browser, mostly in the form of cookies. This information might be about you,
your preferences or your device and is mostly used to make the site work as you
expect it to. The information does not usually directly identify you, but it can
give you a more personalized web experience. Because we respect your right to
privacy, you can choose to set some types of cookies to “Off.” However, setting
cookies to “Off” may impact your experience on the site and the services we are
able to offer. Click on the different category headings to find out more and to
change your default settings, where possible. Clearing cookies on your device
will delete your preferences. To learn more, view the Vanguard Privacy Center.

STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES

Always on

These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched
off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you
which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy
preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block
or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.

PERFORMANCE COOKIES

Performance cookies On


These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and
improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the
most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All
information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you
do not allow these cookies, we will not know when you have visited our site and
will not be able to monitor its performance. To manage Performance cookies on
our website, move the toggle to the right to turn them on or move the toggle to
the left to turn them off. Then be sure to click the “Confirm my choices” button
to save your preferences. If you click the “Accept all cookies” button, all
cookie types will be set to “On.”

FUNCTIONAL COOKIES

Functional cookies On


These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalization. They may be set by us or by third-party providers whose
services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies, then
some or all of these services may not function properly. To manage Functional
cookies on our website, move the toggle to the right to turn them on or move the
toggle to the left to turn them off. Then be sure to click the “Confirm my
choices” button to save your preferences. If you click the “Accept all cookies”
button, all cookie types will be set to “On.”

TARGETING COOKIES

Targeting cookies On


These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may
be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you
relevant advertisements on other sites. They do not store directly personal
information but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet
device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted
advertising. To manage Targeting cookies on our website, move the toggle to the
right to turn them on or move the toggle to the left to turn them off. Then be
sure to click the “Confirm my choices” button to save your preferences. If you
click the “Accept all cookies” button, all cookie types will be set to “On.”

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COOKIE LIST

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