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Weather Prediction Center (WPC) Home Page WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NCEP: AWC · CPC · EMC · NCO · NHC · OPC · SPC · SWPC · WPC * Home * Forecasts & Analyses ▼ * Daily Weather Map * Day ½–2½ * Day 3–7 CONUS * Day 3–7 Hazards * Day 4–8 Alaska * Excessive Rainfall * Flood Outlook * GIS Products * Heat Index * Mesoscale Precip Discussion * National Forecast Charts * National High & Low * PQPF * QPF * Storm Summaries * Surface Analysis * Tropical Products * Winter Weather * WPC Discussions * Archives ▼ * Daily Weather Maps * Day 3-7 * Excessive Rainfall Outlooks * Excessive Rainfall Outlook Climatology * Mesoscale Precip Discussions * National Forecast Charts * National High & Low * QPF * Storm Summaries * Surface Analysis * Tropical Advisories * Winter Weather * WPC Archive Page * Verification ▼ * Day 3–7 * Event Reviews * Model Diagnostics * QPF * Winter Weather * International ▼ * Desks * GDI * Desk Forecasting Tools * Puerto Rico QPF * Development ▼ * HydroMet Testbed * Training * Publications * About ▼ * About the WPC * FAQ * History * Mission&Vision * Product Description * Staff * Student Opportunities * Search Search For NWS All NOAA Hazard Oct 30Oct 31Nov 01 Excessive Rainfall MarginalMarginalMarginal Heavy Snow (≥ 4”)HighHighHigh Ice (≥ 0.25”)No AreaNo AreaNo Area WPC's Medium Range Hazards Forecast Winter Storm Severity Index Experimental HeatRisk * Overview * Surface Analysis * Fronts * QPF * Excessive Rain * Winter Wx * Day 3–7 * Forecast Tools National Forecast Chart Valid Wed Oct 30, 2024 Valid Thu Oct 31, 2024 Valid Fri Nov 1, 2024 * Day 1 * Day 2 * Day 3 Image Format: English (PDF) (PDF) (PDF) Español (PDF) (PDF) (PDF) Interactive Map » Interactive National Forecast Chart + Additional Links * » Description of the National Forecast Chart * » Product Archives * » Download hazards in KML or shapefile format or GeoJSON format WPC Top Stories: Understanding WPC's Excessive Rainfall Risk Categories View the Winter Storm Severity Index to see potential impacts from winter weather Looking for data from WPC products in a GIS format? Check out the WPC interactive virtual tour! North American Surface Analysis Legacy Page: Analyzed at 12Z Tue Oct 29, 2024 Analyzed at 15Z Tue Oct 29, 2024 Analyzed at 18Z Tue Oct 29, 2024 Analyzed at 21Z Tue Oct 29, 2024 Analyzed at 00Z Wed Oct 30, 2024 Analyzed at 03Z Wed Oct 30, 2024 Analyzed at 06Z Wed Oct 30, 2024 Analyzed at 09Z Wed Oct 30, 2024 Analyzed at 12Z Wed Oct 30, 2024 * -24 hr * -21 hr * -18 hr * -15 hr * -12 hr * -9 hr * -6 hr * -3 hr * latest Image Format: Standard Satellite Composite Radar Composite Black and White Fronts Only Interactive Map » Interactive Surface Map » NWS Unified Surface Analysis + Additional Links * » Product Archives * » NWS Unified Surface Analysis Manual * » Other Surface Analysis Products Surface Fronts and Sea-Level Pressures Legacy Page: Analyzed 12Z Wed Oct 30, 2024 Valid 18Z Wed Oct 30, 2024 Valid 00Z Thu Oct 31, 2024 Valid 06Z Thu Oct 31, 2024 Valid 12Z Thu Oct 31, 2024 Valid 00Z Fri Nov 01, 2024 Valid 12Z Fri Nov 01, 2024 Valid 12Z Sat Nov 02, 2024 Valid 12Z Sun Nov 03, 2024 Valid 12Z Mon Nov 04, 2024 Valid 12Z Tue Nov 05, 2024 Valid 12Z Wed Nov 06, 2024 * 12ZWed * 18ZWed * 00ZThu * 06ZThu * 12ZThu * 00ZFri * 12ZFri * 12ZSat * 12ZSun * 12ZMon * 12ZTue * 12ZWed + Short Range Forecast Discussion (Day ½-2½) Short Range Forecast Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 407 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Valid 12Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 ...Moderate to heavy snow over parts of the Southern Cascades and Northern Intermountain Region with a second area over parts of the Upper Midwest on Thursday... ...Temperatures will be 20 to 30 degrees above average over parts of the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley... ...There is an Enhanced Risk of severe thunderstorms over parts of the Middle Mississippi Valley and Central/Southern Plains on Wednesday... A wave of low pressure along a front over the Southern High Plains will move northeastward to eastern Quebec, Canada, by Friday. Ahead of the front, temperatures will be 20 to 30 degrees above average over parts of the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley. A warm front over Northern New England will move northeastward into Southeastern Canada by Thursday. Ahead of the warm front, rain will develop over parts of Northern New England, ending by Wednesday evening. On Wednesday, moist air flowing northward over the Plains will extend into the Upper Great Lakes, creating showers and severe thunderstorms ahead of the front over parts of the Middle Mississippi Valley and Central/Southern Plains. Therefore, the SPC has issued an Enhanced Risk (level 3/5) of severe thunderstorms over the Central Plains through Thursday morning. The hazards associated with these thunderstorms are frequent lightning, severe thunderstorm wind gusts, hail, and a few tornadoes. In addition, there is an increased threat of EF2 to EF5 tornadoes over the areas. Furthermore, moderate to heavy rain will develop along the front over parts of the Mississippi Valley and the Central/Southern Plains. Therefore, the WPC has issued a Marginal Risk (level 1/4) of excessive rainfall over parts of the Mississippi Valley and parts of the Central/Southern Plains through Thursday morning. The associated heavy rain will create localized areas of flash flooding, affecting areas that experience rapid runoff with heavy rain. On Thursday, the threat of severe thunderstorms from the Great Lakes to the Lower Mississippi Valley will decrease to strong to severe thunderstorms. Therefore, the SPC has issued a Marginal Risk (level 1/5) of severe thunderstorms over parts of the Great Lakes to the Lower Mississippi Valley from Thursday into Friday morning. The hazards associated with these thunderstorms are frequent lightning, severe thunderstorm wind gusts, hail, and a few tornadoes. Further, the showers and thunderstorms will create heavy rain over parts of the Tennessee and Lower Mississippi Valleys. Therefore, the WPC has issued a Marginal Risk (level 1/4) of excessive rainfall over parts of the Tennessee and Lower Mississippi Valleys from Thursday to Friday morning. The associated heavy rain will create localized areas of flash flooding, affecting areas that experience rapid runoff with heavy rain. In addition, onshore flow from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic will produce showers and thunderstorms over parts of the Central/Western Gulf Coast and Florida. Moreover, the wave of low pressure will pull cold air over parts of the Upper Midwest, producing moderate to heavy snow over parts of Minnesota, extreme northern Wisconsin, and the western portions of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. All these areas will be near Lake Superior on Thursday, tapering off by Friday. Meanwhile, another front will come onshore over the Pacific Northwest and California on Wednesday, dissipating by Thursday evening. From late Wednesday morning into Friday, the system will produce rain and higher-elevation snow over parts of the Northwest into Northern/Central California. On Thursday, the snow will become moderate to heavy over parts of the Southern Cascades and Northern Intermountain Region. Ziegenfelder Graphics available at https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/basicwx/basicwx_ndfd.php + Medium Range Forecast Discussion (Day 3-7) Extended Forecast Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Valid 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 - 12Z Wed Nov 06 2024 ...Multi-day Heavy Rain/Flooding Threat from the Southern Plains to the Mid-Mississippi Valley this weekend into early next week... ...General Overview... An emerging excessive rainfall event is expected to develop in earnest by the weekend into early next week over the south- central U.S. with return Gulf of Mexico inflow in a deepening moisture channel between a East/Southeast upper ridge and slow approach of amplified upper trough/low energy and front from the West. Towards that end, aforementioned upstream upper trough energy will dig sharply into an unsettled West this weekend, with moderate rains and elevation snows from the Northwest southward to California. Activity should spread more modestly to the Southwest and the Intermoutain West/Rockies by early next week with slow and amplified flow translation and energy reinforcement and closed low development at the base of the quite cooling upper trough/fronts. ...Guidance/Predictability Assessment... Models and ensembles have trended toward a better clustered overall solution over the coming weekend in a pattern seemingly now with closer to average predictability. A composite model blend tends to mitigate still lingering individual system timing issues to offer a seemingly reasonable forecast starting point, generally in line with the National Blend of Models and threat messaging continuity. Forecast spread increases into longer time frames, so pivoted to a composite blend of best clustered and cycle to cycle consistent guidance from the 12 UTC ECMWF/Canadian and their ensemble means. ...Weather/Hazards Highlights... A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity. Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue into early next week while spreading northeastward over the Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm sector record high overnight temperatures. Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California. Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low development at the southern base of the main upper trough will bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate precipitation back into the Northwest. Schichtel Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC medium range hazards outlook chart at: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids, quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4 https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw + Hawaii Forecast Discussion (Day 1-7) Hawaii Extended Forecast Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 339 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Valid 00Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 00Z Thu Nov 07 2024 Guidance still generally agrees that high pressure will be periodically reinforced while bridging to the north and settling well to the northeast of the state over the next week. This favors strengthened island trades in a relatively drier and stable pattern with windward terrain favored showers today. However, some enhanced shower activity may develop through the southern islands later week pending influx and passage of deeper moisture well ahead of pending eastern Pacific tropical disturbances. A drier pattern should re-emerge by the weekend, but deeper moisture may return early-mid next week to monitor. Schichtel + Additional Links * » More Surface Analysis Products * » More Short Range Products * » More Medium Range Products Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts Legacy Page: Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 10/31/2024 Valid 12Z 10/31/2024 - 12Z 11/01/2024 Valid 12Z 11/01/2024 - 12Z 11/02/2024 Valid 00Z 11/03/2024 - 00Z 11/04/2024 Valid 00Z 11/04/2024 - 00Z 11/05/2024 Valid 12Z 11/04/2024 - 12Z 11/05/2024 Valid 12Z 11/05/2024 - 12Z 11/06/2024 Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 11/01/2024 Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 11/02/2024 Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 11/04/2024 Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 11/06/2024 Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 00Z 10/31/2024 Valid 18Z 10/30/2024 - 06Z 10/31/2024 Valid 00Z 10/31/2024 - 12Z 10/31/2024 Valid 06Z 10/31/2024 - 18Z 10/31/2024 Valid 12Z 10/31/2024 - 00Z 11/01/2024 Valid 18Z 10/31/2024 - 06Z 11/01/2024 Valid 00Z 11/01/2024 - 12Z 11/01/2024 Valid 06Z 11/01/2024 - 18Z 11/01/2024 Valid 12Z 11/01/2024 - 00Z 11/02/2024 Valid 18Z 11/01/2024 - 06Z 11/02/2024 Valid 00Z 11/02/2024 - 12Z 11/02/2024 Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 18Z 10/30/2024 Valid 18Z 10/30/2024 - 00Z 10/31/2024 Valid 00Z 10/31/2024 - 06Z 10/31/2024 Valid 06Z 10/31/2024 - 12Z 10/31/2024 Valid 12Z 10/31/2024 - 18Z 10/31/2024 Valid 18Z 10/31/2024 - 00Z 11/01/2024 Valid 00Z 11/01/2024 - 06Z 11/01/2024 Valid 06Z 11/01/2024 - 12Z 11/01/2024 Valid 12Z 11/01/2024 - 18Z 11/01/2024 Valid 18Z 11/01/2024 - 00Z 11/02/2024 Valid 00Z 11/02/2024 - 06Z 11/02/2024 Valid 06Z 11/02/2024 - 12Z 11/02/2024 Valid 00Z 11/03/2024 - 00Z 11/05/2024 Valid 12Z 11/04/2024 - 12Z 11/06/2024 * Day 1 * Day 2 * Day 3 * Day 4 * Day 5 * Day 6 * Day 7 * Total: Day 1-2 * Day 1-3 * Day 1-5 * Day 1-7 * 12-00Z * 18-06Z * 00-12Z * 06-18Z * 12-00Z * 18-06Z * 00-12Z * 06-18Z * 12-00Z * 18-06Z * 00-12Z * 12-18Z * 18-00Z * 00-06Z * 06-12Z * 12-18Z * 18-00Z * 00-06Z * 06-12Z * 12-18Z * 18-00Z * 00-06Z * 06-12Z * Day 4/5 * Day 6/7 Image Options: 24 Hour/Multi Day QPF 12-Hourly QPF (Day 1-3) 6-Hourly QPF (Day 1-3) 48-Hour QPF (Day 4-5/6-7) » Probabilistic QPF (Day 1-3) » Extreme Precipitation Monitor » View Probabilistic Precipitation Guidance (Day 1-3) » Extreme Precipitation Monitor + Additional Links * » Product Verification * » Product Archive * » Product Info * » Additional formats of QPF: GRIB 2 | Shapefiles | KML * » Other QPF Products Excessive Rainfall Forecasts Interactive Page: Valid 16Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 Valid 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 Valid 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 Valid 12Z Sat Nov 2 2024 - 12Z Sun Nov 3 2024 Valid 12Z Sun Nov 3 2024 - 12Z Mon Nov 4 2024 * Day 1 * Day 2 * Day 3 * Day 4 * Day 5 Interactive Page + Forecast Discussion Excessive Rainfall Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 1159 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Day 1 Valid 16Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY/UPPER MIDWEST... 16Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion Update... 12Z HREF continues to focus its heaviest rainfall along an axis from southeastern Nebraska northeastward across Iowa into portions of Wisconsin through tonight. This aligns with the greatest mid- and upper level height falls and developing low level jet ahead of a deepening surface low over the Plains and deep layered mid-level frontogenesis across the area. There are some signals for 3+ inch rainfall maxima embedded within this axis but the overall risk of excessive rainfall is still pretty marginal given such long term dryness. The previous outlook accounted for this pretty well and only minor nudges were made. Farther south from Texas into Oklahoma there is more instability which is being offset by synoptic/mesoscale forcing that is weaker than areas to the north. Bann 0830Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion... Convection over the region is expected to increase in both coverage and intensity with the set up becoming more favorable for isolated heavy rainfall amounts/rates and localized flooding concern. Showers and thunderstorms in the vicinity to Oklahoma, Texas and Arkansas state borders will have local enhancement amid areas of higher instability. There has been a persistent westward shift from run-to run guidance in regards to the placement of the higher QPF across the Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley/Upper Midwest, but general consensus is favoring a concentration across north- central Iowa into southeast Minnesota and western Wisconsin where the greatest height falls are located and fastest acceleration of low level flow. This will enhance local rainfall efficiency and boost amounts. Deterministic guidance suggests 1 to 3+ inches across this area. Antecedent conditions are quite dry- as reflected by the very high flash flood guidance. That should mitigate any widespread threat of excessive rainfall as well as progressive cells. Even so, the Marginal Risk area still seemed appropriate based on what the magnitude of the instability and mesoscale forcing from the coarser numerical guidance with room to adjust with future guidance (including the CAM guidance). Campbell/Bann Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt Day 1 Valid 16Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY/UPPER MIDWEST... 16Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion Update... 12Z HREF continues to focus its heaviest rainfall along an axis from southeastern Nebraska northeastward across Iowa into portions of Wisconsin through tonight. This aligns with the greatest mid- and upper level height falls and developing low level jet ahead of a deepening surface low over the Plains and deep layered mid-level frontogenesis across the area. There are some signals for 3+ inch rainfall maxima embedded within this axis but the overall risk of excessive rainfall is still pretty marginal given such long term dryness. The previous outlook accounted for this pretty well and only minor nudges were made. Farther south from Texas into Oklahoma there is more instability which is being offset by synoptic/mesoscale forcing that is weaker than areas to the north. Bann 0830Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion... Convection over the region is expected to increase in both coverage and intensity with the set up becoming more favorable for isolated heavy rainfall amounts/rates and localized flooding concern. Showers and thunderstorms in the vicinity to Oklahoma, Texas and Arkansas state borders will have local enhancement amid areas of higher instability. There has been a persistent westward shift from run-to run guidance in regards to the placement of the higher QPF across the Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley/Upper Midwest, but general consensus is favoring a concentration across north- central Iowa into southeast Minnesota and western Wisconsin where the greatest height falls are located and fastest acceleration of low level flow. This will enhance local rainfall efficiency and boost amounts. Deterministic guidance suggests 1 to 3+ inches across this area. Antecedent conditions are quite dry- as reflected by the very high flash flood guidance. That should mitigate any widespread threat of excessive rainfall as well as progressive cells. Even so, the Marginal Risk area still seemed appropriate based on what the magnitude of the instability and mesoscale forcing from the coarser numerical guidance with room to adjust with future guidance (including the CAM guidance). Campbell/Bann Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt Excessive Rainfall Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 1159 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Day 2 Valid 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY... As the upper level trough advances through the Upper Midwest the surface front will makes its way into the Southern Plains and Mid- Mississippi Valley. Instability is expected to remain the highest in portions of the Lower Mississippi Valley while the flow pattern/mesoscale forcing weakens farther north. Convection is expected to initiate along and ahead of the cold front by late morning and increase coverage during the afternoon hours across the Lower Mississippi Valley and into the Lower Ohio Valley. Areal averages will be in the 1 to 2 inch range with locally higher amounts possible. Campbell Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt Day 2 Valid 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY... As the upper level trough advances through the Upper Midwest the surface front will makes its way into the Southern Plains and Mid- Mississippi Valley. Instability is expected to remain the highest in portions of the Lower Mississippi Valley while the flow pattern/mesoscale forcing weakens farther north. Convection is expected to initiate along and ahead of the cold front by late morning and increase coverage during the afternoon hours across the Lower Mississippi Valley and into the Lower Ohio Valley. Areal averages will be in the 1 to 2 inch range with locally higher amounts possible. Campbell Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt Excessive Rainfall Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 1159 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Day 3 Valid 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES AND SOUTHERN PLAINS... Another trough will move inland across the West as ridging stays in place over much of the South. Warm Gulf moisture will be advecting northward through the High Plains. Meanwhile, the strongest instability will likely be in place over West Texas and eastern new Mexico. Areal coverage of thunderstorms is forecast to increase during the overnight hours into portions of the Texas panhandle, Oklahoma and far southern Kansas. Per SPC, the environment will be conducive for large hail and there is a Marginal Risk in effect for severe weather. There is also the potential for excessive rainfall near eastern new Mexico and West Texas/Panhandle and there is a Marginal Risk area in effect for the threat of isolated areas of flooding. Campbell Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt Day 3 Valid 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES AND SOUTHERN PLAINS... Another trough will move inland across the West as ridging stays in place over much of the South. Warm Gulf moisture will be advecting northward through the High Plains. Meanwhile, the strongest instability will likely be in place over West Texas and eastern new Mexico. Areal coverage of thunderstorms is forecast to increase during the overnight hours into portions of the Texas panhandle, Oklahoma and far southern Kansas. Per SPC, the environment will be conducive for large hail and there is a Marginal Risk in effect for severe weather. There is also the potential for excessive rainfall near eastern new Mexico and West Texas/Panhandle and there is a Marginal Risk area in effect for the threat of isolated areas of flooding. Campbell Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt Extended Forecast Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity. Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue into early next week while spreading northeastward over the Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm sector record high overnight temperatures. Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California. Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low development at the southern base of the main upper trough will bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate precipitation back into the Northwest. Schichtel Extended Forecast Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity. Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue into early next week while spreading northeastward over the Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm sector record high overnight temperatures. Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California. Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low development at the southern base of the main upper trough will bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate precipitation back into the Northwest. Schichtel + Additional Links * » Product Info * » Understanding WPC Excessive Rainfall Risk Categories * » Excessive Rainfall Outlook Climatology Winter Weather Forecasts Legacy Page: Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 10/31/2024 Valid 12Z 10/31/2024 - 12Z 11/01/2024 Valid 12Z 11/01/2024 - 12Z 11/02/2024 Valid 12Z 11/02/2024 - 12Z 11/03/2024 Valid 12Z 11/03/2024 - 12Z 11/04/2024 Valid 12Z 11/04/2024 - 12Z 11/05/2024 Valid 12Z 11/05/2024 - 12Z 11/06/2024 * Day 1 * Day 2 * Day 3 * Day 4 * Day 5 * Day 6 * Day 7 * Day 1-3 Image Options: Snowfall (≥ 4”) Snowfall (≥ 8”) Snowfall (≥ 12”) Freezing Rain (≥ .25”) Composite Charts Interactive Map (Day 1-3) Interactive Map (Day 4-7) Winter Storm Severity Index Probabilistic Winter Storm Severity Index Experimental Winter Storm Outlook » Interactive Winter Weather Map (Day 1-3) » Interactive Winter Weather Map (Day 4-7) » Winter Storm Severity Index + Forecast Discussion (Day 1-3) Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 430 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Valid 12Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 ...Central Rockies... Day 1... Snow showers will continue across portions of the central Rockies, as an upper trough moves across the region today. While widespread heavy amounts are not expected, WPC probabilities indicate that additional accumulations of 4 inches or more are possible across the higher elevations of the west-central to north-central Colorado mountains. Snows are expected to diminish as the upper trough moves east into the central Plains this evening. ...Northwest to the Northern Rockies... Days 1-3... Precipitation will return to the Northwest and northern California as a well-defined frontal band associated with a deep low dropping out of the Gulf of Alaska moves onshore later today. Precipitation rates are expected to increase later this morning and continue into the afternoon as the front moves across the region. Rates will diminish by the evening and overnight, but onshore flow will continue to support unsettled conditions. Snow levels are expected to quickly drop behind the front, supporting accumulating snow across many of the Cascade passes. The upper low is expected to support another period of organized heavier precipitation as it continues to drop south on Thursday. The heaviest precipitation is expected to center from southwestern Washington through western Oregon into northwestern California. Accumulations of a foot or more are likely for portions of the Oregon Cascades, where snow levels are forecast to increase but remain near or below 5000 ft through much of the period. Further to the west, this series of systems will bring snow into the eastern Oregon and northern Nevada mountains beginning this evening, and the central Idaho ranges overnight, with periods of snow continuing through Friday. Storm total accumulations of a foot or more are likely across portions of the Blue Mountains in northeastern Oregon and the central Idaho ranges, including parts of the Salmon River Mountains and the Sawtooth Range. As the upper low remains centered over Washington through much of Friday, a well-defined shortwave digging to its west will move into northern California late Friday into early Saturday, bringing heavier precipitation across northwestern California into the Shasta-Cascade region and the northern Sierra, where high elevation heavy snow accumulations can be expected. ...Northeastern Minnesota to Upper Michigan... Day 2... The previously noted upper trough crossing the central Rockies today is forecast to lift northeast through the central Plains and into the upper Midwest by early Thursday. Guidance shows the upper trough briefly assuming a negative tilt, with a closed 500 mb center developing as moves into the upper Midwest Thursday morning. As the surface, low pressure is expected to quickly deepen and track northeast across the upper Mississippi Valley into the Great Lakes. Beginning Thursday morning, models are showing rain changing to snow within the strong low-to-mid level frontogenesis band on the northwest side of the low, with some hi-res guidance indicating snowfall rates increasing upward of 2 in/hr from east- central Minnesota to the North Shore and northwestern Wisconsin. While warm ground temperatures and solar insolation may help to keep amounts in check, these rates, should they develop, will likely to be sufficient to produce at least a few inches in some locations. The overall trend in the overnight models was toward a colder and wetter solution. So while probabilities for anything above light accumulations have been low, it is expected these will increase should these trends persist. The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than 10 percent. Pereira + Additional Links * » Experimental Winter Storm Outlook * » Probabilistic Winter Storm Severity Index * » Product Verification * » Product Archive * » Product Info * » Forecast Surface Low Positions: Uncertainty Circles | Ensemble Clusters * » Other Winter Weather Products Medium Range Forecasts Legacy Page: Valid 12Z Sat Nov 02, 2024 Valid 12Z Sun Nov 03, 2024 Valid 12Z Mon Nov 04, 2024 Valid 12Z Tue Nov 05, 2024 Valid 12Z Wed Nov 06, 2024 * Day 3 * Day 4 * Day 5 * Day 6 * Day 7 Image Options: Fronts Max Temp (°F) Max Temp Anomaly (°F) Min Temp (°F) Min Temp Anomaly (°F) 24-hr Pop(%) 500mb Heights Day 3-7 Hazards Additional Products + Forecast Discussion Extended Forecast Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024 Valid 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 - 12Z Wed Nov 06 2024 ...Multi-day Heavy Rain/Flooding Threat from the Southern Plains to the Mid-Mississippi Valley this weekend into early next week... ...General Overview... An emerging excessive rainfall event is expected to develop in earnest by the weekend into early next week over the south- central U.S. with return Gulf of Mexico inflow in a deepening moisture channel between a East/Southeast upper ridge and slow approach of amplified upper trough/low energy and front from the West. Towards that end, aforementioned upstream upper trough energy will dig sharply into an unsettled West this weekend, with moderate rains and elevation snows from the Northwest southward to California. Activity should spread more modestly to the Southwest and the Intermoutain West/Rockies by early next week with slow and amplified flow translation and energy reinforcement and closed low development at the base of the quite cooling upper trough/fronts. ...Guidance/Predictability Assessment... Models and ensembles have trended toward a better clustered overall solution over the coming weekend in a pattern seemingly now with closer to average predictability. A composite model blend tends to mitigate still lingering individual system timing issues to offer a seemingly reasonable forecast starting point, generally in line with the National Blend of Models and threat messaging continuity. Forecast spread increases into longer time frames, so pivoted to a composite blend of best clustered and cycle to cycle consistent guidance from the 12 UTC ECMWF/Canadian and their ensemble means. ...Weather/Hazards Highlights... A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity. Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue into early next week while spreading northeastward over the Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm sector record high overnight temperatures. Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California. Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low development at the southern base of the main upper trough will bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate precipitation back into the Northwest. Schichtel Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC medium range hazards outlook chart at: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids, quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4 https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw + Additional Links * » Product Archive * » Product Info * » Day 3-7 Surface Composite * » Other Medium Range Products Forecaster's Toolbox (Prototype) Tools Generated at WPC These tools are NOT operationally supported. Data may not update regularly due to workstation failure and/or data unavailability. Intense Rainfall and Flash Flood Reports Displays flood and flash flood reports as well as intense rainfall observations for user-selectable time ranges and customizable geographic regions. Includes ability to download reports and associated metadata in csv format. GEFS Probabilities Plots of GEFS probabilistic forecast of precipitation, temperature, and sea-level pressure exceeding various thresholds. Local Storm Reports Custom plots of Local Storm Reports across the Contiguous United States. Reports include rain, snow, ice, and severe weather, as well as other significant information from storm spotters. Extreme Precipitation Monitor Displays the climatological significance of precipitation forecast by WPC. The climatological significance is represented by Average Recurrence Intervals (ARIs) of precipitation estimates from NOAA Atlas-14 and Atlas2. Ensemble Situational Awareness Table An interactive situational awareness table that displays anomalies, percentiles, and return intervals from the GEFS, NAEFS, and ECMWF Ensembles (login required to view ECMWF data). *Please note that there is currently an issue where only users on a NOAA network can access this page. We are actively working to resolve this problem. NDFD Forecast Temperature Records Interactive display of where temperatures could approach or exceed records within the contiguous U.S. (based on NDFD temperature forecasts) NWS NDFD Max/Min Temperatures and Departure from Normal Displays Days 1-7 NDFD maximum and minimum temperatures, along with their respective departures from climatology. Prototype Snowband Probability Forecasts An interactive tool that depicts areas of heavy snowfall from individual members of high-resolution short range ensemble forecasts. Weather in Context Prototype Displays forecast information and its climatological context to quickly alert a forecaster when a record or neear-record breaking event is possible. This tool is available for both CONUS and Alaska. 1/3/6/24-hr Changes Change in weather parameters (temperature, dewpoint, surface pressure, etc) over the last 1/3/6/24 hours. Data is provided from the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) or the Rapid Refresh (RAP). Experimental HeatRisk The experimental National Weather Service (NWS) HeatRisk is a color-numeric-based index that provides a forecast of the potential level of risk for heat-related impacts to occur over a 24-hour period, with forecasts available out through 7 days. Other Favorite Forecast Tools CIPS Guidance Analog guidance that uses an objective approach to find historical events that are similar to the upcoming forecast. National Blend of Models Nationally consistent and skillful suite of calibrated forecast guidance based on a blend of both NWS and non-NWS numerical weather prediction model data and post-processed model guidance. Atmospheric River Portal A portal for atmospheric river forecasts and diagnostics from the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes. GEFS Plumes An interactive display of time series plots from GEFS ensemble members at a point. SPC Forecast Tools A variety of useful tools generated at The Storm Prediction Center (SPC). ECMWF Forecast Charts Output from the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), including medium range deterministic, ensemble, and machine learning model forecasts. 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