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Text Content

Weather Prediction Center (WPC) Home Page
WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER
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   NWS All NOAA

Hazard Oct 30Oct 31Nov 01 Excessive Rainfall MarginalMarginalMarginal Heavy Snow
(≥ 4”)HighHighHigh Ice (≥ 0.25”)No AreaNo AreaNo Area

WPC's Medium Range Hazards Forecast
 
Winter Storm Severity Index
 
Experimental HeatRisk


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Understanding WPC's Excessive Rainfall Risk Categories

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Surface Fronts and Sea-Level Pressures Legacy Page:
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+ Short Range Forecast Discussion (Day ½-2½)

Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
407 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024

Valid 12Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024

...Moderate to heavy snow over parts of the Southern Cascades and Northern
Intermountain Region with a second area over parts of the Upper Midwest on
Thursday...

...Temperatures will be 20 to 30 degrees above average over parts of the
Great Lakes/Ohio Valley...

...There is an Enhanced Risk of severe thunderstorms over parts of the
Middle Mississippi Valley and Central/Southern Plains on Wednesday...

A wave of low pressure along a front over the Southern High Plains will
move northeastward to eastern Quebec, Canada, by Friday. Ahead of the
front, temperatures will be 20 to 30 degrees above average over parts of
the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley. A warm front over Northern New England will
move northeastward into Southeastern Canada by Thursday. Ahead of the warm
front, rain will develop over parts of Northern New England, ending by
Wednesday evening.

On Wednesday, moist air flowing northward over the Plains will extend into
the Upper Great Lakes, creating showers and severe thunderstorms ahead of
the front over parts of the Middle Mississippi Valley and Central/Southern
Plains. Therefore, the SPC has issued an Enhanced Risk (level 3/5) of
severe thunderstorms over the Central Plains through Thursday morning.
The hazards associated with these thunderstorms are frequent lightning,
severe thunderstorm wind gusts, hail, and a few tornadoes. In addition,
there is an increased threat of EF2 to EF5 tornadoes over the areas.

Furthermore, moderate to heavy rain will develop along the front over
parts of the Mississippi Valley and the Central/Southern Plains.
Therefore, the WPC has issued a Marginal Risk (level 1/4) of excessive
rainfall over parts of the Mississippi Valley and parts of the
Central/Southern Plains through Thursday morning. The associated heavy
rain will create localized areas of flash flooding, affecting areas that
experience rapid runoff with heavy rain.

On Thursday, the threat of severe thunderstorms from the Great Lakes to
the Lower Mississippi Valley will decrease to strong to severe
thunderstorms. Therefore, the SPC has issued a Marginal Risk (level 1/5)
of severe thunderstorms over parts of the Great Lakes to the Lower
Mississippi Valley from Thursday into Friday morning. The hazards
associated with these thunderstorms are frequent lightning, severe
thunderstorm wind gusts, hail, and a few tornadoes.

Further, the showers and thunderstorms will create heavy rain over parts
of the Tennessee and Lower Mississippi Valleys. Therefore, the WPC has
issued a Marginal Risk (level 1/4) of excessive rainfall over parts of the
Tennessee and Lower Mississippi Valleys from Thursday to Friday morning.
The associated heavy rain will create localized areas of flash flooding,
affecting areas that experience rapid runoff with heavy rain. In addition,
onshore flow from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic will produce showers
and thunderstorms over parts of the Central/Western Gulf Coast and Florida.

Moreover, the wave of low pressure will pull cold air over parts of the
Upper Midwest, producing moderate to heavy snow over parts of Minnesota,
extreme northern Wisconsin, and the western portions of the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan. All these areas will be near Lake Superior on
Thursday, tapering off by Friday.

Meanwhile, another front will come onshore over the Pacific Northwest and
California on Wednesday, dissipating by Thursday evening. From late
Wednesday morning into Friday, the system will produce rain and
higher-elevation snow over parts of the Northwest into Northern/Central
California. On Thursday, the snow will become moderate to heavy over parts
of the Southern Cascades and Northern Intermountain Region.


Ziegenfelder


Graphics available at
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/basicwx/basicwx_ndfd.php

+ Medium Range Forecast Discussion (Day 3-7)

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024

Valid 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 - 12Z Wed Nov 06 2024

...Multi-day Heavy Rain/Flooding Threat from the Southern Plains
to the Mid-Mississippi Valley this weekend into early next week...


...General Overview...

An emerging excessive rainfall event is expected to develop in
earnest by the weekend into early next week over the south-
central U.S. with return Gulf of Mexico inflow in a deepening
moisture channel between a East/Southeast upper ridge and slow
approach of amplified upper trough/low energy and front from the
West. Towards that end, aforementioned upstream upper trough energy
will dig sharply into an unsettled West this weekend, with
moderate rains and elevation snows from the Northwest southward to
California. Activity should spread more modestly to the Southwest
and the Intermoutain West/Rockies by early next week with slow and
amplified flow translation and energy reinforcement and closed low
development at the base of the quite cooling upper trough/fronts.

...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

Models and ensembles have trended toward a better clustered overall
solution over the coming weekend in a pattern seemingly now with
closer to average predictability. A composite model blend tends to
mitigate still lingering individual system timing issues to offer a
seemingly reasonable forecast starting point, generally in line
with the National Blend of Models and threat messaging continuity.
Forecast spread increases into longer time frames, so pivoted to a
composite blend of best clustered and cycle to cycle consistent
guidance from the 12 UTC ECMWF/Canadian and their ensemble means.

...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with
main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi
Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday
Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk
threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to
expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of
additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week
as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the
West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity.
Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the
chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns
despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training
convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel
between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast
U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue
into early next week while spreading northeastward over the
Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm
sector record high overnight temperatures.

Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced
by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work
southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation
snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain
West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California.
Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low
development at the southern base of the main upper trough will
bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and
amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest
rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and
Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system
energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate
precipitation back into the Northwest.

Schichtel


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium
range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw

+ Hawaii Forecast Discussion (Day 1-7)


Hawaii Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
339 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024

Valid 00Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 00Z Thu Nov 07 2024

Guidance still generally agrees that high pressure will be
periodically reinforced while bridging to the north and settling
well to the northeast of the state over the next week. This favors
strengthened island trades in a relatively drier and stable
pattern with windward terrain favored showers today. However, some
enhanced shower activity may develop through the southern islands
later week pending influx and passage of deeper moisture well
ahead of pending eastern Pacific tropical disturbances. A drier
pattern should re-emerge by the weekend, but deeper moisture may
return early-mid next week to monitor.

Schichtel



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Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts Legacy Page:
Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 10/31/2024
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» Probabilistic QPF (Day 1-3)
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Excessive Rainfall Forecasts Interactive Page:
Valid 16Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024
Valid 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024
Valid 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024
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Valid 12Z Sun Nov 3 2024 - 12Z Mon Nov 4 2024
 
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Interactive Page
+ Forecast Discussion


Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
1159 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024
Day 1
Valid 16Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE
SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY/UPPER MIDWEST...

16Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion Update...
12Z HREF continues to focus its heaviest rainfall along an axis
from southeastern Nebraska northeastward across Iowa into portions
of Wisconsin through tonight. This aligns with the greatest mid-
and upper level height falls and developing low level jet ahead of
a deepening surface low over the Plains and deep layered mid-level
frontogenesis across the area. There are some signals for 3+ inch
rainfall maxima embedded within this axis but the overall risk of
excessive rainfall is still pretty marginal given such long term
dryness. The previous outlook accounted for this pretty well and
only minor nudges were made. Farther south from Texas into
Oklahoma there is more instability which is being offset by
synoptic/mesoscale forcing that is weaker than areas to the north.

Bann


0830Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion...

Convection over the region is expected to increase in both
coverage and intensity with the set up becoming more favorable for
isolated heavy rainfall amounts/rates and localized flooding
concern. Showers and thunderstorms in the vicinity to Oklahoma,
Texas and Arkansas state borders will have local enhancement amid
areas of higher instability. There has been a persistent westward
shift from run-to run guidance in regards to the placement of the
higher QPF across the Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley/Upper
Midwest, but general consensus is favoring a concentration across
north- central Iowa into southeast Minnesota and western Wisconsin
where the greatest height falls are located and fastest
acceleration of low level flow. This will enhance local rainfall
efficiency and boost amounts. Deterministic guidance suggests 1 to
3+ inches across this area.

Antecedent conditions are quite dry- as reflected by the very high
flash flood guidance. That should mitigate any widespread threat
of excessive rainfall as well as progressive cells. Even so, the
Marginal Risk area still seemed appropriate based on what the
magnitude of the instability and mesoscale forcing from the coarser
numerical guidance with room to adjust with future guidance
(including the CAM guidance).

Campbell/Bann


Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt
Day 1
Valid 16Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE
SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY/UPPER MIDWEST...

16Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion Update...
12Z HREF continues to focus its heaviest rainfall along an axis
from southeastern Nebraska northeastward across Iowa into portions
of Wisconsin through tonight. This aligns with the greatest mid-
and upper level height falls and developing low level jet ahead of
a deepening surface low over the Plains and deep layered mid-level
frontogenesis across the area. There are some signals for 3+ inch
rainfall maxima embedded within this axis but the overall risk of
excessive rainfall is still pretty marginal given such long term
dryness. The previous outlook accounted for this pretty well and
only minor nudges were made. Farther south from Texas into
Oklahoma there is more instability which is being offset by
synoptic/mesoscale forcing that is weaker than areas to the north.

Bann


0830Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion...

Convection over the region is expected to increase in both
coverage and intensity with the set up becoming more favorable for
isolated heavy rainfall amounts/rates and localized flooding
concern. Showers and thunderstorms in the vicinity to Oklahoma,
Texas and Arkansas state borders will have local enhancement amid
areas of higher instability. There has been a persistent westward
shift from run-to run guidance in regards to the placement of the
higher QPF across the Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley/Upper
Midwest, but general consensus is favoring a concentration across
north- central Iowa into southeast Minnesota and western Wisconsin
where the greatest height falls are located and fastest
acceleration of low level flow. This will enhance local rainfall
efficiency and boost amounts. Deterministic guidance suggests 1 to
3+ inches across this area.

Antecedent conditions are quite dry- as reflected by the very high
flash flood guidance. That should mitigate any widespread threat
of excessive rainfall as well as progressive cells. Even so, the
Marginal Risk area still seemed appropriate based on what the
magnitude of the instability and mesoscale forcing from the coarser
numerical guidance with room to adjust with future guidance
(including the CAM guidance).

Campbell/Bann


Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt


Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
1159 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024
Day 2
Valid 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

As the upper level trough advances through the Upper Midwest the
surface front will makes its way into the Southern Plains and Mid-
Mississippi Valley. Instability is expected to remain the highest
in portions of the Lower Mississippi Valley while the flow
pattern/mesoscale forcing weakens farther north. Convection is
expected to initiate along and ahead of the cold front by late
morning and increase coverage during the afternoon hours across the
Lower Mississippi Valley and into the Lower Ohio Valley. Areal
averages will be in the 1 to 2 inch range with locally higher
amounts possible.

Campbell


Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt
Day 2
Valid 12Z Thu Oct 31 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

As the upper level trough advances through the Upper Midwest the
surface front will makes its way into the Southern Plains and Mid-
Mississippi Valley. Instability is expected to remain the highest
in portions of the Lower Mississippi Valley while the flow
pattern/mesoscale forcing weakens farther north. Convection is
expected to initiate along and ahead of the cold front by late
morning and increase coverage during the afternoon hours across the
Lower Mississippi Valley and into the Lower Ohio Valley. Areal
averages will be in the 1 to 2 inch range with locally higher
amounts possible.

Campbell


Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt


Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
1159 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024
Day 3
Valid 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

Another trough will move inland across the West as ridging stays in
place over much of the South. Warm Gulf moisture will be advecting
northward through the High Plains. Meanwhile, the strongest
instability will likely be in place over West Texas and eastern new
Mexico. Areal coverage of thunderstorms is forecast to increase
during the overnight hours into portions of the Texas panhandle,
Oklahoma and far southern Kansas. Per SPC, the environment will be
conducive for large hail and there is a Marginal Risk in effect for
severe weather. There is also the potential for excessive rainfall
near eastern new Mexico and West Texas/Panhandle and there is a
Marginal Risk area in effect for the threat of isolated areas of
flooding.

Campbell

Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt
Day 3
Valid 12Z Fri Nov 01 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

Another trough will move inland across the West as ridging stays in
place over much of the South. Warm Gulf moisture will be advecting
northward through the High Plains. Meanwhile, the strongest
instability will likely be in place over West Texas and eastern new
Mexico. Areal coverage of thunderstorms is forecast to increase
during the overnight hours into portions of the Texas panhandle,
Oklahoma and far southern Kansas. Per SPC, the environment will be
conducive for large hail and there is a Marginal Risk in effect for
severe weather. There is also the potential for excessive rainfall
near eastern new Mexico and West Texas/Panhandle and there is a
Marginal Risk area in effect for the threat of isolated areas of
flooding.

Campbell

Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024


A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with
main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi
Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday
Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk
threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to
expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of
additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week
as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the
West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity.
Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the
chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns
despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training
convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel
between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast
U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue
into early next week while spreading northeastward over the
Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm
sector record high overnight temperatures.

Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced
by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work
southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation
snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain
West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California.
Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low
development at the southern base of the main upper trough will
bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and
amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest
rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and
Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system
energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate
precipitation back into the Northwest.

Schichtel



Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024


A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with
main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi
Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday
Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk
threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to
expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of
additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week
as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the
West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity.
Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the
chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns
despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training
convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel
between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast
U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue
into early next week while spreading northeastward over the
Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm
sector record high overnight temperatures.

Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced
by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work
southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation
snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain
West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California.
Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low
development at the southern base of the main upper trough will
bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and
amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest
rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and
Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system
energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate
precipitation back into the Northwest.

Schichtel



+ Additional Links
 * » Product Info
 * » Understanding WPC Excessive Rainfall Risk Categories
 * » Excessive Rainfall Outlook Climatology

Winter Weather Forecasts Legacy Page:
Valid 12Z 10/30/2024 - 12Z 10/31/2024
Valid 12Z 10/31/2024 - 12Z 11/01/2024
Valid 12Z 11/01/2024 - 12Z 11/02/2024
Valid 12Z 11/02/2024 - 12Z 11/03/2024
Valid 12Z 11/03/2024 - 12Z 11/04/2024
Valid 12Z 11/04/2024 - 12Z 11/05/2024
Valid 12Z 11/05/2024 - 12Z 11/06/2024
 
 * Day 1
 * Day 2
 * Day 3
 *  Day 4
 * Day 5
 * Day 6
 * Day 7
 * 
   

Day 1-3 Image Options:
Snowfall (≥ 4”)
Snowfall (≥ 8”)
Snowfall (≥ 12”)
Freezing Rain (≥ .25”)
Composite Charts

Interactive Map (Day 1-3)
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Winter Storm Severity Index
Probabilistic Winter Storm
Severity Index
Experimental Winter
Storm Outlook

» Interactive Winter Weather Map (Day 1-3)
» Interactive Winter Weather Map (Day 4-7)
» Winter Storm Severity Index
+ Forecast Discussion (Day 1-3)


Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
430 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024

Valid 12Z Wed Oct 30 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024

...Central Rockies...
Day 1...

Snow showers will continue across portions of the central Rockies,
as an upper trough moves across the region today. While widespread
heavy amounts are not expected, WPC probabilities indicate that
additional accumulations of 4 inches or more are possible across
the higher elevations of the west-central to north-central Colorado
mountains. Snows are expected to diminish as the upper trough moves
east into the central Plains this evening.

...Northwest to the Northern Rockies...
Days 1-3...

Precipitation will return to the Northwest and northern California
as a well-defined frontal band associated with a deep low dropping
out of the Gulf of Alaska moves onshore later today. Precipitation
rates are expected to increase later this morning and continue into
the afternoon as the front moves across the region. Rates will
diminish by the evening and overnight, but onshore flow will
continue to support unsettled conditions. Snow levels are expected
to quickly drop behind the front, supporting accumulating snow
across many of the Cascade passes.

The upper low is expected to support another period of organized
heavier precipitation as it continues to drop south on Thursday.
The heaviest precipitation is expected to center from southwestern
Washington through western Oregon into northwestern California.
Accumulations of a foot or more are likely for portions of the
Oregon Cascades, where snow levels are forecast to increase but
remain near or below 5000 ft through much of the period.

Further to the west, this series of systems will bring snow into
the eastern Oregon and northern Nevada mountains beginning this
evening, and the central Idaho ranges overnight, with periods of
snow continuing through Friday. Storm total accumulations of a foot
or more are likely across portions of the Blue Mountains in
northeastern Oregon and the central Idaho ranges, including parts
of the Salmon River Mountains and the Sawtooth Range.

As the upper low remains centered over Washington through much of
Friday, a well-defined shortwave digging to its west will move into
northern California late Friday into early Saturday, bringing
heavier precipitation across northwestern California into the
Shasta-Cascade region and the northern Sierra, where high
elevation heavy snow accumulations can be expected.

...Northeastern Minnesota to Upper Michigan...
Day 2...

The previously noted upper trough crossing the central Rockies
today is forecast to lift northeast through the central Plains and
into the upper Midwest by early Thursday. Guidance shows the upper
trough briefly assuming a negative tilt, with a closed 500 mb
center developing as moves into the upper Midwest Thursday morning.
As the surface, low pressure is expected to quickly deepen and
track northeast across the upper Mississippi Valley into the Great
Lakes. Beginning Thursday morning, models are showing rain
changing to snow within the strong low-to-mid level frontogenesis
band on the northwest side of the low, with some hi-res guidance
indicating snowfall rates increasing upward of 2 in/hr from east-
central Minnesota to the North Shore and northwestern Wisconsin.
While warm ground temperatures and solar insolation may help to
keep amounts in check, these rates, should they develop, will
likely to be sufficient to produce at least a few inches in some
locations. The overall trend in the overnight models was toward a
colder and wetter solution. So while probabilities for anything
above light accumulations have been low, it is expected these will
increase should these trends persist.

The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
10 percent.

Pereira





+ Additional Links
 * » Experimental Winter Storm Outlook
 * » Probabilistic Winter Storm Severity Index
 * » Product Verification
 * » Product Archive
 * » Product Info
 * » Forecast Surface Low Positions: Uncertainty Circles | Ensemble Clusters
 * » Other Winter Weather Products

Medium Range Forecasts Legacy Page:
Valid 12Z Sat Nov 02, 2024
Valid 12Z Sun Nov 03, 2024
Valid 12Z Mon Nov 04, 2024
Valid 12Z Tue Nov 05, 2024
Valid 12Z Wed Nov 06, 2024
 
 * Day 3
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Image Options:
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+ Forecast Discussion

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
310 AM EDT Wed Oct 30 2024

Valid 12Z Sat Nov 02 2024 - 12Z Wed Nov 06 2024

...Multi-day Heavy Rain/Flooding Threat from the Southern Plains
to the Mid-Mississippi Valley this weekend into early next week...


...General Overview...

An emerging excessive rainfall event is expected to develop in
earnest by the weekend into early next week over the south-
central U.S. with return Gulf of Mexico inflow in a deepening
moisture channel between a East/Southeast upper ridge and slow
approach of amplified upper trough/low energy and front from the
West. Towards that end, aforementioned upstream upper trough energy
will dig sharply into an unsettled West this weekend, with
moderate rains and elevation snows from the Northwest southward to
California. Activity should spread more modestly to the Southwest
and the Intermoutain West/Rockies by early next week with slow and
amplified flow translation and energy reinforcement and closed low
development at the base of the quite cooling upper trough/fronts.

...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

Models and ensembles have trended toward a better clustered overall
solution over the coming weekend in a pattern seemingly now with
closer to average predictability. A composite model blend tends to
mitigate still lingering individual system timing issues to offer a
seemingly reasonable forecast starting point, generally in line
with the National Blend of Models and threat messaging continuity.
Forecast spread increases into longer time frames, so pivoted to a
composite blend of best clustered and cycle to cycle consistent
guidance from the 12 UTC ECMWF/Canadian and their ensemble means.

...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

A heavy rainfall pattern seems likely on tap by the weekend with
main focus from the southern Plains through the Mid-Mississippi
Valley and vicinity. The WPC Day 4/Saturday and Day 5/Sunday
Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs) offer Marginal and Slight Risk
threat areas given consistent guidance signals. Expect activity to
expand and focus along a southwest to northeast axis ahead of
additional frontal boundaries this weekend and into early next week
as robust upper trough/closed low energy digs upstream into the
West Coast to re-amplify the flow over the Lower 48 and vicinity.
Multiple days of southerly, moist Gulf inflow look to increase the
chances of more widespread, heavy rainfall with flooding concerns
despite dry antecedent conditions, with a risk of repeat/training
convection in a slow to dislodge and deepened moisture channel
between the West/Southwest U.S. upper trough and East/Southeast
U.S. warming upper ridge. The multi-day threat will likely continue
into early next week while spreading northeastward over the
Midwest in this pattern with the deep moisture leading to some warm
sector record high overnight temperatures.

Precipitation with Pacific system digging will be locally enhanced
by terrain as moderate long-fetch moisture is forecast to work
southward over the West Coast this weekend, with high-elevation
snow also reaching favored terrain of the northern Intermountain
West/Rockies and enhanced rains reaching down into California.
Regardless, the cold frontal surge and possible closed low
development at the southern base of the main upper trough will
bring in cooler temperatures to much of the West. This and slow and
amplified flow translation will also act to spread more modest
rains over the Southwest and into the south-central Great Basin and
Rockies into early next week. Meanwhile, aditional Pacific system
energy upstream may also bring another round of moderate
precipitation back into the Northwest.

Schichtel


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium
range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw

+ Additional Links
 * » Product Archive
 * » Product Info
 * » Day 3-7 Surface Composite
 * » Other Medium Range Products

Forecaster's Toolbox (Prototype)
 
Tools Generated at WPC
These tools are NOT operationally supported. Data may not update regularly due
to workstation failure and/or data unavailability.
Intense Rainfall and Flash Flood Reports


Displays flood and flash flood reports as well as intense rainfall observations
for user-selectable time ranges and customizable geographic regions. Includes
ability to download reports and associated metadata in csv format.

GEFS Probabilities


Plots of GEFS probabilistic forecast of precipitation, temperature, and
sea-level pressure exceeding various thresholds.

Local Storm Reports


Custom plots of Local Storm Reports across the Contiguous United States. Reports
include rain, snow, ice, and severe weather, as well as other significant
information from storm spotters.

Extreme Precipitation Monitor


Displays the climatological significance of precipitation forecast by WPC. The
climatological significance is represented by Average Recurrence Intervals
(ARIs) of precipitation estimates from NOAA Atlas-14 and Atlas2.

Ensemble Situational Awareness Table


An interactive situational awareness table that displays anomalies, percentiles,
and return intervals from the GEFS, NAEFS, and ECMWF Ensembles (login required
to view ECMWF data).

*Please note that there is currently an issue where only users on a NOAA network
can access this page. We are actively working to resolve this problem.

NDFD Forecast Temperature Records


Interactive display of where temperatures could approach or exceed records
within the contiguous U.S. (based on NDFD temperature forecasts)
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           

NWS NDFD Max/Min Temperatures and Departure from Normal


Displays Days 1-7 NDFD maximum and minimum temperatures, along with their
respective departures from climatology.

Prototype Snowband Probability Forecasts


An interactive tool that depicts areas of heavy snowfall from individual members
of high-resolution short range ensemble forecasts.

Weather in Context Prototype


Displays forecast information and its climatological context to quickly alert a
forecaster when a record or neear-record breaking event is possible. This tool
is available for both CONUS and Alaska.

1/3/6/24-hr Changes


Change in weather parameters (temperature, dewpoint, surface pressure, etc) over
the last 1/3/6/24 hours. Data is provided from the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis
(RTMA) or the Rapid Refresh (RAP).

Experimental HeatRisk


The experimental National Weather Service (NWS) HeatRisk is a
color-numeric-based index that provides a forecast of the potential level of
risk for heat-related impacts to occur over a 24-hour period, with forecasts
available out through 7 days.

Other Favorite Forecast Tools
CIPS Guidance


Analog guidance that uses an objective approach to find historical events that
are similar to the upcoming forecast.

National Blend of Models


Nationally consistent and skillful suite of calibrated forecast guidance based
on a blend of both NWS and non-NWS numerical weather prediction model data and
post-processed model guidance.

Atmospheric River Portal


A portal for atmospheric river forecasts and diagnostics from the Center for
Western Weather and Water Extremes.

GEFS Plumes


An interactive display of time series plots from GEFS ensemble members at a
point.

SPC Forecast Tools


A variety of useful tools generated at The Storm Prediction Center (SPC).

ECMWF Forecast Charts


Output from the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), including medium
range deterministic, ensemble, and machine learning model forecasts.



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