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WE VALUE YOUR PRIVACY We and our partners store and/or access information on a device, such as cookies and process personal data, such as unique identifiers and standard information sent by a device for personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development. With your permission we and our partners may use precise geolocation data and identification through device scanning. You may click to consent to our and our 850 partners’ processing as described above. Alternatively you may click to refuse to consent or access more detailed information and change your preferences before consenting. Please note that some processing of your personal data may not require your consent, but you have a right to object to such processing. Your preferences will apply to this website only. You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by returning to this site and clicking the "Privacy" button at the bottom of the webpage. MORE OPTIONSDISAGREEAGREE * chaos * eworld * facts * get bent * physics The Physics Hypertextbook Opus in profectus * … people * welcome * about … WELCOME * discussion * summary * practice * problems * resources [close] × search TABLE OF CONTENTS mechanics, thermal physics, waves & optics, electricity & magentism, modern physics, foundations, back matter 1. Mechanics 1. Kinematics 1. Motion 2. Distance and Displacement 3. Speed and Velocity 4. Acceleration 5. Equations of Motion 6. Free Fall 7. Graphs of Motion 8. Kinematics and Calculus 9. Kinematics in Two Dimensions 10. Projectiles 11. Parametric Equations 2. Dynamics I: Force 1. Forces 2. Force and Mass 3. Action-Reaction 4. Weight 5. Dynamics 6. Statics 7. Friction 8. Forces in Two Dimensions 9. Centripetal Force 10. Frames of Reference 3. Energy 1. Work 2. Energy 3. Kinetic Energy 4. Potential Energy 5. Conservation of Energy 6. Power 7. Simple Machines 4. Dynamics II: Momentum 1. Impulse and Momentum 2. Conservation of Momentum 3. Momentum and Energy 4. Momentum in Two Dimensions 5. Rotational Motion 1. Rotational Kinematics 2. Rotational Inertia 3. Rotational Dynamics 4. Rotational Statics 5. Angular Momentum 6. Rotational Energy 7. Rolling 8. Rotation in Two Dimensions 9. Coriolis Force 6. Planetary Motion 1. Geocentrism 2. Heliocentrism 3. Universal Gravitation 4. Orbital Mechanics I 5. Gravitational Potential Energy 6. Orbital Mechanics II 7. Gravity of Extended Bodies 7. Periodic Motion 1. Springs 2. Simple Harmonic Oscillator 3. Pendulums 4. Resonance 5. Elasticity 8. Fluids 1. Density 2. Pressure 3. Buoyancy 4. Fluid Flow 5. Viscosity 6. Aerodynamic Drag 7. Flow Regimes 2. Thermal Physics 1. Heat & Temperature 1. Temperature 2. Thermal Expansion 3. The Atomic Nature of Matter 4. Gas Laws 5. Kinetic-Molecular Theory 6. Phases 2. Calorimetry 1. Sensible Heat 2. Latent Heat 3. Chemical Potential Energy 3. Heat Transfer 1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation 4. Thermodynamics 1. Heat and Work 2. Pressure-Volume Diagrams 3. Engines 4. Refrigerators 5. Energy and Entropy 6. Absolute Zero 3. Waves & Optics 1. Wave Phenomena 1. The Nature of Waves 2. Periodic Waves 3. Interference and Superposition 4. Interfaces and Barriers 2. Sound 1. The Nature of Sound 2. Intensity 3. Doppler Effect (Sound) 4. Shock Waves 5. Diffraction and Interference (Sound) 6. Standing Waves 7. Beats 8. Music and Noise 3. Physical Optics 1. The Nature of Light 2. Polarization 3. Doppler Effect (Light) 4. Cerenkov Radiation 5. Diffraction and Interference (Light) 6. Thin Film Interference 7. Color 4. Geometric Optics 1. Reflection 2. Refraction 3. Spherical Mirrors 4. Spherical Lenses 5. Aberration 4. Electricity & Magnetism 1. Electrostatics 1. Electric Charge 2. Coulomb's Law 3. Electric Field 4. Electric Potential 5. Gauss's Law 6. Conductors 2. Electrostatic Applications 1. Capacitors 2. Dielectrics 3. Batteries 3. Electric Current 1. Electric Current 2. Electric Resistance 3. Electric Power 4. DC Circuits 1. Resistors in Circuits 2. Batteries in Circuits 3. Capacitors in Circuits 4. Kirchhoff's Rules 5. Magnetostatics 1. Magnetism 2. Electromagnetism 3. Ampère's Law 4. Electromagnetic Force 6. Magnetodynamics 1. Electromagnetic Induction 2. Faraday's Law 3. Lenz' Law 4. Inductance 7. AC Circuits 1. RC Circuits 2. RL Circuits 3. LC Circuits 4. Alternating Current 5. Impedance 8. Electromagnetic Waves 1. Maxwell's Equations 2. Electromagnetic Waves 3. Electromagnetic Spectrum 5. Modern Physics 1. Relativity 1. Space-Time 2. Mass-Energy 3. General Relativity 2. Quanta 1. Blackbody Radiation 2. Photoelectric Effect 3. X-rays 4. Antimatter 3. Wave Mechanics 1. Matter Waves 2. Atomic Models 3. Semiconductors 4. Condensed Matter 4. Nuclear Physics 1. Isotopes 2. Radioactive Decay 3. Half Life 4. Binding Energy 5. Fission 6. Fusion 7. Nucleosynthesis 8. Nuclear Weapons 9. Radiobiology 5. Particle Physics 1. The Standard Model 2. Quantum Electrodynamics 3. Quantum Chromodynamics 4. Quantum Flavordynamics 5. Beyond the Standard Model 6. Foundations 1. Units 1. International System of Units 2. Gaussian System of Units 3. British-American System of Units 4. Miscellaneous Units 5. Time 6. Unit Conversion 2. Measurement 1. Significant Digits 2. Order of Magnitude 3. Graphs 1. Graphical Representation of Data 2. Linear Regression 3. Curve Fitting 4. Calculus 4. Vectors 1. Trigonometry 2. Vector Addition and Subtraction 3. Vector Resolution and Components 4. Vector Multiplication 5. Reference 1. Special Symbols 2. Frequently Used Equations 3. Physical Constants 4. Astronomical Data 5. Periodic Table of the Elements 6. People in Physics 7. Back matter 1. Preface 1. About this book 2. Contact the author 1. glennelert.us 2. Behance 3. Instagram 4. Twitter 5. YouTube 3. Affiliated websites 1. hypertextbook.com 2. midwoodscience.org * discussion * summary * practice * problems * resources WELCOME * … people * welcome * about … The Physics Hypertextbook ©1998–2024 Glenn Elert Author, Illustrator, Webmaster No condition is permanent.