academic.oup.com
Open in
urlscan Pro
52.224.90.245
Public Scan
Submitted URL: http://academic.oup.com/
Effective URL: https://academic.oup.com/
Submission: On November 27 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://academic.oup.com/
Submission: On November 27 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Form analysis
0 forms found in the DOMText Content
Skip to Main Content Search Oxford Academic Search * Search Menu * * * Menu * * * Sign in through your institution Navbar Search Filter Oxford AcademicBooksJournals Mobile Search Oxford Academic Search * Subject * Arts and Humanities * Browse content in Arts and Humanities * Archaeology * Browse content in Archaeology * Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Archaeology * Archaeological Methodology and Techniques * Archaeology by Region * Archaeology of Religion * Archaeology of Trade and Exchange * Biblical Archaeology * Contemporary and Public Archaeology * Environmental Archaeology * Historical Archaeology * History and Theory of Archaeology * Industrial Archaeology * Landscape Archaeology * Mortuary Archaeology * Prehistoric Archaeology * Underwater Archaeology * Urban Archaeology * Zooarchaeology * Architecture * Browse content in Architecture * Architectural Structure and Design * History of Architecture * Residential and Domestic Buildings * Theory of Architecture * Art * Browse content in Art * Art Forms * Art Styles * Art Subjects and Themes * History of Art * Industrial and Commercial Art * Theory of Art * Biographical Studies * Byzantine Studies * Classical Studies * Browse content in Classical Studies * Classical Numismatics * Classical Literature * Classical Reception * Classical History * Classical Philosophy * Classical Mythology * Classical Art and Architecture * Classical Oratory and Rhetoric * Greek and Roman Archaeology * Greek and Roman Epigraphy * Greek and Roman Law * Greek and Roman Papyrology * Late Antiquity * Religion in the Ancient World * Social History * Digital Humanities * Egyptology * History * Browse content in History * Cold War * Colonialism and Imperialism * Diplomatic History * Environmental History * Genealogy, Heraldry, Names, and Honours * Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing * Historical Geography * History by Period * History of Agriculture * History of Education * History of Emotions * History of Gender and Sexuality * Industrial History * Intellectual History * International History * Labour History * Legal and Constitutional History * Local and Family History * Maritime History * Military History * National Liberation and Post-Colonialism * Oral History * Political History * Public History * Regional and National History * Revolutions and Rebellions * Slavery and Abolition of Slavery * Social and Cultural History * Theory, Methods, and Historiography * Urban History * World History * Journalism * Language Teaching and Learning * Browse content in Language Teaching and Learning * Language Learning (Specific Skills) * Language Teaching Theory and Methods * Linguistics * Browse content in Linguistics * Applied Linguistics * Cognitive Linguistics * Computational Linguistics * Forensic Linguistics * Grammar, Syntax and Morphology * Historical and Diachronic Linguistics * History of English * Language Variation * Language Families * Language Acquisition * Language Evolution * Language Reference * Lexicography * Linguistic Theories * Linguistic Typology * Linguistic Anthropology * Phonetics and Phonology * Pragmatics * Psycholinguistics * Semantics * Sociolinguistics * Translation and Interpretation * Writing Systems * Literature * Browse content in Literature * Bibliography * Children's Literature Studies * Literary Studies (Modernism) * Literary Studies (Asian) * Literary Studies (European) * Literary Studies (Eco-criticism) * Literary Studies (Romanticism) * Literary Studies (American) * Literary Studies - World * Literary Studies (1500 to 1800) * Literary Studies (19th Century) * Literary Studies (20th Century onwards) * Literary Studies (African American Literature) * Literary Studies (British and Irish) * Literary Studies (Early and Medieval) * Literary Studies (Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers) * Literary Studies (Gender Studies) * Literary Studies (Graphic Novels) * Literary Studies (History of the Book) * Literary Studies (Plays and Playwrights) * Literary Studies (Poetry and Poets) * Literary Studies (Postcolonial Literature) * Literary Studies (Queer Studies) * Literary Studies (Science Fiction) * Literary Studies (Travel Literature) * Literary Studies (War Literature) * Literary Studies (Women's Writing) * Literary Theory and Cultural Studies * Mythology and Folklore * Shakespeare Studies and Criticism * Media Studies * Browse content in Media Studies * Film * Radio * Television * Music * Browse content in Music * Applied Music * Composers * Dance and Music * Ethics in Music * Ethnomusicology * Gender and Sexuality in Music * Medicine and Music * Music Cultures * Music and Culture * Music and Religion * Music and Media * Music Education and Pedagogy * Music Theory and Analysis * Musical Scores, Lyrics, and Libretti * Musical Structures, Styles, and Techniques * Musicology and Music History * Performance Practice and Studies * Race and Ethnicity in Music * Sound Studies * Performing Arts * Browse content in Performing Arts * Dance * Theatre * Philosophy * Browse content in Philosophy * Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art * Epistemology * Feminist Philosophy * History of Western Philosophy * Meta-Philosophy * Metaphysics * Moral Philosophy * Non-Western Philosophy * Philosophy of Action * Philosophy of Law * Philosophy of Religion * Philosophy of Science * Philosophy of Language * Philosophy of Mind * Philosophy of Perception * Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic * Practical Ethics * Social and Political Philosophy * Publishing * Religion * Browse content in Religion * Biblical Studies * Buddhism * Christianity * East Asian Religions * Hinduism * History of Religion * Islam * Jainism * Judaism and Jewish Studies * Mormonism * Qumran Studies * Religion and Gender * Religion and Education * Religion and Health * Religion and Politics * Religion and Science * Religion and Law * Religion and Art, Literature, and Music * Religious Studies * Sikhism * Theology * Society and Culture * Browse content in Society and Culture * Cookery, Food, and Drink * Cultural Studies * Customs and Traditions * Ethical Issues and Debates * Hobbies, Games, Arts and Crafts * Humour * Lifestyle, Home, and Garden * Natural world, Country Life, and Pets * Popular Beliefs and Controversial Knowledge * Sports and Outdoor Recreation * Technology and Society * Travel and Holiday * Visual Culture * Law * Browse content in Law * Arbitration * Civil Law * Company and Commercial Law * Browse content in Company and Commercial Law * Commercial Law * Company Law * Comparative Law * Browse content in Comparative Law * Systems of Law * Competition Law * Constitutional and Administrative Law * Browse content in Constitutional and Administrative Law * Government Powers * Judicial Review * Local Government Law * Military and Defence Law * Parliamentary and Legislative Practice * Social Law * Construction Law * Contract Law * Criminal Law * Browse content in Criminal Law * Criminal Procedure * Criminal Evidence Law * Sentencing and Punishment * Employment and Labour Law * Environment and Energy Law * EU Law * Family Law * Financial Law * Browse content in Financial Law * Banking Law * Insolvency Law * Tax Law * History of Law * Human Rights and Immigration * Intellectual Property Law * International Law * Browse content in International Law * Private International Law and Conflict of Laws * Public International Law * IT and Communications Law * Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law * Law and Society * Law and Politics * Legal System and Practice * Browse content in Legal System and Practice * Courts and Procedure * Legal Skills and Practice * Legal System - Costs and Funding * Primary Sources of Law * Regulation of Legal Profession * Media Law * Medical and Healthcare Law * Policing * Browse content in Policing * Criminal Investigation and Detection * Police and Security Services * Police Procedure and Law * Police Regional Planning * Property Law * Browse content in Property Law * Personal Property Law * Restitution * Study and Revision * Terrorism and National Security Law * Tort Law * Trusts Law * Browse content in Trusts Law * Wills and Probate or Succession * Medicine and Health * Browse content in Medicine and Health * Allied Health Professions * Browse content in Allied Health Professions * Arts Therapies * Clinical Science * Dietetics and Nutrition * Occupational Therapy * Operating Department Practice * Orthoptics * Physiotherapy * Radiography * Speech and Language Therapy * Anaesthetics * Browse content in Anaesthetics * General Anaesthesia * Clinical Medicine * Browse content in Clinical Medicine * Acute Medicine * Allergy * Cardiovascular Medicine * Clinical Genetics * Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics * Dermatology * Endocrinology and Diabetes * Gastroenterology * Genito-urinary Medicine * Geriatric Medicine * Infectious Diseases * Medical Oncology * Medical Toxicology * Nephrology * Pain Medicine * Palliative Medicine * Rehabilitation Medicine * Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonology * Rheumatology * Sleep Medicine * Sports and Exercise Medicine * Clinical Neuroscience * Community Medical Services * Critical Care * Dentistry * Emergency Medicine * Forensic Medicine * Haematology * History of Medicine * Medical Ethics * Medical Dentistry * Browse content in Medical Dentistry * Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery * Paediatric Dentistry * Restorative Dentistry and Orthodontics * Surgical Dentistry * Medical Skills * Browse content in Medical Skills * Clinical Skills * Communication Skills * Nursing Skills * Surgical Skills * Medical Statistics and Methodology * Midwifery * Neurology * Browse content in Neurology * Clinical Neurophysiology * Neuropathology * Nursing * Nursing Studies * Obstetrics and Gynaecology * Browse content in Obstetrics and Gynaecology * Gynaecology * Obstetrics * Occupational Medicine * Ophthalmology * Otolaryngology (ENT) * Paediatrics * Browse content in Paediatrics * Neonatology * Pathology * Browse content in Pathology * Chemical Pathology * Clinical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics * Histopathology * Immunology * Medical Microbiology and Virology * Patient Education and Information * Pharmacology * Browse content in Pharmacology * Psychopharmacology * Pharmacy * Popular Health * Browse content in Popular Health * Caring for Others * Complementary and Alternative Medicine * Self-help and Personal Development * Preclinical Medicine * Browse content in Preclinical Medicine * Anatomy * Cell Biology * Molecular Biology and Genetics * Physiology * Reproduction, Growth and Development * Primary Care * Professional Development in Medicine * Psychiatry * Browse content in Psychiatry * Addiction Medicine * Child and Adolescent Psychiatry * Forensic Psychiatry * Learning Disabilities * Old Age Psychiatry * Psychotherapy * Public Health and Epidemiology * Browse content in Public Health and Epidemiology * Epidemiology * Public Health * Radiology * Browse content in Radiology * Clinical Radiology * Interventional Radiology * Nuclear Medicine * Radiation Oncology * Reproductive Medicine * Surgery * Browse content in Surgery * Cardiothoracic Surgery * Gastro-intestinal and Colorectal Surgery * General Surgery * Neurosurgery * Paediatric Surgery * Peri-operative Care * Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery * Surgical Oncology * Transplant Surgery * Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery * Urology * Vascular Surgery * Science and Mathematics * Browse content in Science and Mathematics * Biological Sciences * Browse content in Biological Sciences * Aquatic Biology * Biochemistry * Bioethics * Bioinformatics and Computational Biology * Developmental Biology * Ecology and Conservation * Evolutionary Biology * Genetics and Genomics * Microbiology * Molecular and Cell Biology * Natural History * Plant Sciences and Forestry * Research Methods in Life Sciences * Structural Biology * Systems Biology * Zoology and Animal Sciences * Chemistry * Browse content in Chemistry * Analytical Chemistry * Computational Chemistry * Crystallography * Environmental Chemistry * Industrial Chemistry * Inorganic Chemistry * Materials Chemistry * Medicinal Chemistry * Mineralogy and Gems * Organic Chemistry * Physical Chemistry * Polymer Chemistry * Study and Communication Skills in Chemistry * Theoretical Chemistry * Computer Science * Browse content in Computer Science * Artificial Intelligence * Computer Architecture and Logic Design * Game Studies * Human-Computer Interaction * Mathematical Theory of Computation * Programming Languages * Robotics * Software Engineering * Systems Analysis and Design * Virtual Reality * Computing * Browse content in Computing * Business Applications * Computer Games * Computer Security * Computer Networking and Communications * Databases * Digital Lifestyle * Graphical and Digital Media Applications * Operating Systems * Earth Sciences and Geography * Browse content in Earth Sciences and Geography * Atmospheric Sciences * Environmental Geography * Geology and the Lithosphere * Geophysics * Maps and Map-making * Meteorology and Climatology * Oceanography and Hydrology * Palaeontology * Physical Geography and Topography * Regional Geography * Soil Science * Urban Geography * Engineering and Technology * Browse content in Engineering and Technology * Agriculture and Farming * Biological Engineering * Civil Engineering, Surveying, and Building * Electronics and Communications Engineering * Energy Technology * Engineering (General) * Environmental Science, Engineering, and Technology * History of Engineering and Technology * Mechanical Engineering and Materials * Technology of Industrial Chemistry * Transport Technology and Trades * Environmental Science * Browse content in Environmental Science * Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) * Conservation of the Environment (Environmental Science) * Environmental Sustainability * Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Environmental Science) * Management of Land and Natural Resources (Environmental Science) * Natural Disasters (Environmental Science) * Nuclear Issues (Environmental Science) * Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Environmental Science) * Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Environmental Science) * History of Science and Technology * Materials Science * Browse content in Materials Science * Ceramics and Glasses * Composite Materials * Metals, Alloying, and Corrosion * Nanotechnology * Polymers * Mathematics * Browse content in Mathematics * Applied Mathematics * Biomathematics and Statistics * History of Mathematics * Logic * Mathematical Education * Mathematical Finance * Mathematical Analysis * Numerical and Computational Mathematics * Probability and Statistics * Pure Mathematics * Neuroscience * Browse content in Neuroscience * Cognition and Behavioural Neuroscience * Development of the Nervous System * Disorders of the Nervous System * History of Neuroscience * Invertebrate Neurobiology * Molecular and Cellular Systems * Neuroendocrinology and Autonomic Nervous System * Neuroscientific Techniques * Sensory and Motor Systems * Physics * Browse content in Physics * Astronomy and Astrophysics * Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics * Biological and Medical Physics * Classical Mechanics * Computational Physics * Condensed Matter Physics * Electromagnetism, Optics, and Acoustics * History of Physics * Mathematical and Statistical Physics * Measurement Science * Nuclear Physics * Particles and Fields * Plasma Physics * Quantum Physics * Relativity and Gravitation * Semiconductor and Mesoscopic Physics * Psychology * Browse content in Psychology * Affective Sciences * Clinical Psychology * Cognitive Neuroscience * Cognitive Psychology * Criminal and Forensic Psychology * Developmental Psychology * Educational Psychology * Evolutionary Psychology * Health Psychology * History and Systems in Psychology * Music Psychology * Neuropsychology * Organizational Psychology * Psychological Assessment and Testing * Psychology of Human-Technology Interaction * Psychology Professional Development and Training * Research Methods in Psychology * Social Psychology * Social Sciences * Browse content in Social Sciences * Anthropology * Browse content in Anthropology * Anthropology of Religion * Human Evolution * Medical Anthropology * Physical Anthropology * Regional Anthropology * Social and Cultural Anthropology * Theory and Practice of Anthropology * Business and Management * Browse content in Business and Management * Accounting * Business History * Business Strategy * Business Ethics * Business and Government * Business and Technology * Business and the Environment * Comparative Management * Corporate Governance * Corporate Social Responsibility * Entrepreneurship * Health Management * Human Resource Management * Industrial and Employment Relations * Industry Studies * Information and Communication Technologies * Innovation * International Business * Knowledge Management * Management and Management Techniques * Marketing * Operations Management * Organizational Theory and Behaviour * Pensions and Pension Management * Public and Nonprofit Management * Sales * Social Issues in Business and Management * Strategic Management * Supply Chain Management * Criminology and Criminal Justice * Browse content in Criminology and Criminal Justice * Criminal Justice * Criminology * Forms of Crime * International and Comparative Criminology * Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice * Development Studies * Economics * Browse content in Economics * Agricultural, Environmental, and Natural Resource Economics * Asian Economics * Behavioural Finance * Behavioural Economics and Neuroeconomics * Econometrics and Mathematical Economics * Economic Methodology * Economic Systems * Economic History * Economic Development and Growth * Financial Markets * Financial Institutions and Services * General Economics and Teaching * Health, Education, and Welfare * History of Economic Thought * International Economics * Labour and Demographic Economics * Law and Economics * Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics * Microeconomics * Public Economics * Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics * Welfare Economics * Education * Browse content in Education * Adult Education and Continuous Learning * Care and Counselling of Students * Early Childhood and Elementary Education * Educational Equipment and Technology * Educational Research Methodology * Educational Strategies and Policy * Higher and Further Education * Organization and Management of Education * Philosophy and Theory of Education * Schools Studies * Secondary Education * Teaching of a Specific Subject * Teaching of Specific Groups and Special Educational Needs * Teaching Skills and Techniques * Environment * Browse content in Environment * Applied Ecology (Social Science) * Climate Change * Conservation of the Environment (Social Science) * Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Social Science) * Management of Land and Natural Resources (Social Science) * Natural Disasters (Environment) * Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Social Science) * Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Social Science) * Sustainability * Human Geography * Browse content in Human Geography * Cultural Geography * Economic Geography * Political Geography * Interdisciplinary Studies * Browse content in Interdisciplinary Studies * Communication Studies * Museums, Libraries, and Information Sciences * Politics * Browse content in Politics * African Politics * Asian Politics * Chinese Politics * Comparative Politics * Conflict Politics * Elections and Electoral Studies * Environmental Politics * Ethnic Politics * European Union * Foreign Policy * Gender and Politics * Human Rights and Politics * Indian Politics * International Relations * International Organization (Politics) * International Political Economy * Irish Politics * Latin American Politics * Middle Eastern Politics * Political Theory * Political Methodology * Political Communication * Political Philosophy * Political Sociology * Political Behaviour * Political Economy * Political Institutions * Politics and Law * Politics and Religion * Politics of Development * Public Administration * Public Policy * Qualitative Political Methodology * Quantitative Political Methodology * Regional Political Studies * Russian Politics * Security Studies * State and Local Government * UK Politics * US Politics * Regional and Area Studies * Browse content in Regional and Area Studies * African Studies * Asian Studies * East Asian Studies * Japanese Studies * Latin American Studies * Middle Eastern Studies * Native American Studies * Scottish Studies * Research and Information * Browse content in Research and Information * Research Methods * Social Work * Browse content in Social Work * Addictions and Substance Misuse * Adoption and Fostering * Care of the Elderly * Child and Adolescent Social Work * Couple and Family Social Work * Direct Practice and Clinical Social Work * Emergency Services * Human Behaviour and the Social Environment * International and Global Issues in Social Work * Mental and Behavioural Health * Poverty * Social Justice and Human Rights * Social Policy and Advocacy * Social Work and Crime and Justice * Social Work Macro Practice * Social Work Practice Settings * Social Work Research and Evidence-based Practice * Welfare and Benefit Systems * Sociology * Browse content in Sociology * Childhood Studies * Community Development * Comparative and Historical Sociology * Disability Studies * Economic Sociology * Gender and Sexuality * Gerontology and Ageing * Health, Illness, and Medicine * Marriage and the Family * Migration Studies * Occupations, Professions, and Work * Organizations * Population and Demography * Race and Ethnicity * Social Theory * Social Movements and Social Change * Social Research and Statistics * Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility * Sociology of Religion * Sociology of Education * Sport and Leisure * Urban and Rural Studies * Warfare and Defence * Browse content in Warfare and Defence * Defence Strategy, Planning, and Research * Land Forces and Warfare * Military Administration * Military Life and Institutions * Naval Forces and Warfare * Other Warfare and Defence Issues * Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution * Weapons and Equipment * Journals * Books * Subject All Subject Expand Expand Arts and Humanities Archaeology Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Archaeology Archaeological Methodology and Techniques Archaeology by Region Archaeology of Religion Archaeology of Trade and Exchange Biblical Archaeology Contemporary and Public Archaeology Environmental Archaeology Historical Archaeology History and Theory of Archaeology Industrial Archaeology Landscape Archaeology Mortuary Archaeology Prehistoric Archaeology Underwater Archaeology Urban Archaeology Zooarchaeology Architecture Architectural Structure and Design History of Architecture Residential and Domestic Buildings Theory of Architecture Art Art Forms Art Styles Art Subjects and Themes History of Art Industrial and Commercial Art Theory of Art Biographical Studies Byzantine Studies Classical Studies Classical Numismatics Classical Literature Classical Reception Classical History Classical Philosophy Classical Mythology Classical Art and Architecture Classical Oratory and Rhetoric Greek and Roman Archaeology Greek and Roman Epigraphy Greek and Roman Law Greek and Roman Papyrology Late Antiquity Religion in the Ancient World Social History Digital Humanities Egyptology History Cold War Colonialism and Imperialism Diplomatic History Environmental History Genealogy, Heraldry, Names, and Honours Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing Historical Geography History by Period History of Agriculture History of Education History of Emotions History of Gender and Sexuality Industrial History Intellectual History International History Labour History Legal and Constitutional History Local and Family History Maritime History Military History National Liberation and Post-Colonialism Oral History Political History Public History Regional and National History Revolutions and Rebellions Slavery and Abolition of Slavery Social and Cultural History Theory, Methods, and Historiography Urban History World History Journalism Language Teaching and Learning Language Learning (Specific Skills) Language Teaching Theory and Methods Linguistics Applied Linguistics Cognitive Linguistics Computational Linguistics Forensic Linguistics Grammar, Syntax and Morphology Historical and Diachronic Linguistics History of English Language Variation Language Families Language Acquisition Language Evolution Language Reference Lexicography Linguistic Theories Linguistic Typology Linguistic Anthropology Phonetics and Phonology Pragmatics Psycholinguistics Semantics Sociolinguistics Translation and Interpretation Writing Systems Literature Bibliography Children's Literature Studies Literary Studies (Modernism) Literary Studies (Asian) Literary Studies (European) Literary Studies (Eco-criticism) Literary Studies (Romanticism) Literary Studies (American) Literary Studies - World Literary Studies (1500 to 1800) Literary Studies (19th Century) Literary Studies (20th Century onwards) Literary Studies (African American Literature) Literary Studies (British and Irish) Literary Studies (Early and Medieval) Literary Studies (Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers) Literary Studies (Gender Studies) Literary Studies (Graphic Novels) Literary Studies (History of the Book) Literary Studies (Plays and Playwrights) Literary Studies (Poetry and Poets) Literary Studies (Postcolonial Literature) Literary Studies (Queer Studies) Literary Studies (Science Fiction) Literary Studies (Travel Literature) Literary Studies (War Literature) Literary Studies (Women's Writing) Literary Theory and Cultural Studies Mythology and Folklore Shakespeare Studies and Criticism Media Studies Film Radio Television Music Applied Music Composers Dance and Music Ethics in Music Ethnomusicology Gender and Sexuality in Music Medicine and Music Music Cultures Music and Culture Music and Religion Music and Media Music Education and Pedagogy Music Theory and Analysis Musical Scores, Lyrics, and Libretti Musical Structures, Styles, and Techniques Musicology and Music History Performance Practice and Studies Race and Ethnicity in Music Sound Studies Performing Arts Dance Theatre Philosophy Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art Epistemology Feminist Philosophy History of Western Philosophy Meta-Philosophy Metaphysics Moral Philosophy Non-Western Philosophy Philosophy of Action Philosophy of Law Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Perception Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic Practical Ethics Social and Political Philosophy Publishing Religion Biblical Studies Buddhism Christianity East Asian Religions Hinduism History of Religion Islam Jainism Judaism and Jewish Studies Mormonism Qumran Studies Religion and Gender Religion and Education Religion and Health Religion and Politics Religion and Science Religion and Law Religion and Art, Literature, and Music Religious Studies Sikhism Theology Society and Culture Cookery, Food, and Drink Cultural Studies Customs and Traditions Ethical Issues and Debates Hobbies, Games, Arts and Crafts Humour Lifestyle, Home, and Garden Natural world, Country Life, and Pets Popular Beliefs and Controversial Knowledge Sports and Outdoor Recreation Technology and Society Travel and Holiday Visual Culture Law Arbitration Civil Law Company and Commercial Law Commercial Law Company Law Comparative Law Systems of Law Competition Law Constitutional and Administrative Law Government Powers Judicial Review Local Government Law Military and Defence Law Parliamentary and Legislative Practice Social Law Construction Law Contract Law Criminal Law Criminal Procedure Criminal Evidence Law Sentencing and Punishment Employment and Labour Law Environment and Energy Law EU Law Family Law Financial Law Banking Law Insolvency Law Tax Law History of Law Human Rights and Immigration Intellectual Property Law International Law Private International Law and Conflict of Laws Public International Law IT and Communications Law Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law Law and Society Law and Politics Legal System and Practice Courts and Procedure Legal Skills and Practice Legal System - Costs and Funding Primary Sources of Law Regulation of Legal Profession Media Law Medical and Healthcare Law Policing Criminal Investigation and Detection Police and Security Services Police Procedure and Law Police Regional Planning Property Law Personal Property Law Restitution Study and Revision Terrorism and National Security Law Tort Law Trusts Law Wills and Probate or Succession Medicine and Health Allied Health Professions Arts Therapies Clinical Science Dietetics and Nutrition Occupational Therapy Operating Department Practice Orthoptics Physiotherapy Radiography Speech and Language Therapy Anaesthetics General Anaesthesia Clinical Medicine Acute Medicine Allergy Cardiovascular Medicine Clinical Genetics Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dermatology Endocrinology and Diabetes Gastroenterology Genito-urinary Medicine Geriatric Medicine Infectious Diseases Medical Oncology Medical Toxicology Nephrology Pain Medicine Palliative Medicine Rehabilitation Medicine Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonology Rheumatology Sleep Medicine Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinical Neuroscience Community Medical Services Critical Care Dentistry Emergency Medicine Forensic Medicine Haematology History of Medicine Medical Ethics Medical Dentistry Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Paediatric Dentistry Restorative Dentistry and Orthodontics Surgical Dentistry Medical Skills Clinical Skills Communication Skills Nursing Skills Surgical Skills Medical Statistics and Methodology Midwifery Neurology Clinical Neurophysiology Neuropathology Nursing Nursing Studies Obstetrics and Gynaecology Gynaecology Obstetrics Occupational Medicine Ophthalmology Otolaryngology (ENT) Paediatrics Neonatology Pathology Chemical Pathology Clinical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Histopathology Immunology Medical Microbiology and Virology Patient Education and Information Pharmacology Psychopharmacology Pharmacy Popular Health Caring for Others Complementary and Alternative Medicine Self-help and Personal Development Preclinical Medicine Anatomy Cell Biology Molecular Biology and Genetics Physiology Reproduction, Growth and Development Primary Care Professional Development in Medicine Psychiatry Addiction Medicine Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Forensic Psychiatry Learning Disabilities Old Age Psychiatry Psychotherapy Public Health and Epidemiology Epidemiology Public Health Radiology Clinical Radiology Interventional Radiology Nuclear Medicine Radiation Oncology Reproductive Medicine Surgery Cardiothoracic Surgery Gastro-intestinal and Colorectal Surgery General Surgery Neurosurgery Paediatric Surgery Peri-operative Care Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Surgical Oncology Transplant Surgery Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Urology Vascular Surgery Science and Mathematics Biological Sciences Aquatic Biology Biochemistry Bioethics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Developmental Biology Ecology and Conservation Evolutionary Biology Genetics and Genomics Microbiology Molecular and Cell Biology Natural History Plant Sciences and Forestry Research Methods in Life Sciences Structural Biology Systems Biology Zoology and Animal Sciences Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Computational Chemistry Crystallography Environmental Chemistry Industrial Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Materials Chemistry Medicinal Chemistry Mineralogy and Gems Organic Chemistry Physical Chemistry Polymer Chemistry Study and Communication Skills in Chemistry Theoretical Chemistry Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Computer Architecture and Logic Design Game Studies Human-Computer Interaction Mathematical Theory of Computation Programming Languages Robotics Software Engineering Systems Analysis and Design Virtual Reality Computing Business Applications Computer Games Computer Security Computer Networking and Communications Databases Digital Lifestyle Graphical and Digital Media Applications Operating Systems Earth Sciences and Geography Atmospheric Sciences Environmental Geography Geology and the Lithosphere Geophysics Maps and Map-making Meteorology and Climatology Oceanography and Hydrology Palaeontology Physical Geography and Topography Regional Geography Soil Science Urban Geography Engineering and Technology Agriculture and Farming Biological Engineering Civil Engineering, Surveying, and Building Electronics and Communications Engineering Energy Technology Engineering (General) Environmental Science, Engineering, and Technology History of Engineering and Technology Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology of Industrial Chemistry Transport Technology and Trades Environmental Science Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Conservation of the Environment (Environmental Science) Environmental Sustainability Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Environmental Science) Management of Land and Natural Resources (Environmental Science) Natural Disasters (Environmental Science) Nuclear Issues (Environmental Science) Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Environmental Science) Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Environmental Science) History of Science and Technology Materials Science Ceramics and Glasses Composite Materials Metals, Alloying, and Corrosion Nanotechnology Polymers Mathematics Applied Mathematics Biomathematics and Statistics History of Mathematics Logic Mathematical Education Mathematical Finance Mathematical Analysis Numerical and Computational Mathematics Probability and Statistics Pure Mathematics Neuroscience Cognition and Behavioural Neuroscience Development of the Nervous System Disorders of the Nervous System History of Neuroscience Invertebrate Neurobiology Molecular and Cellular Systems Neuroendocrinology and Autonomic Nervous System Neuroscientific Techniques Sensory and Motor Systems Physics Astronomy and Astrophysics Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Biological and Medical Physics Classical Mechanics Computational Physics Condensed Matter Physics Electromagnetism, Optics, and Acoustics History of Physics Mathematical and Statistical Physics Measurement Science Nuclear Physics Particles and Fields Plasma Physics Quantum Physics Relativity and Gravitation Semiconductor and Mesoscopic Physics Psychology Affective Sciences Clinical Psychology Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Psychology Criminal and Forensic Psychology Developmental Psychology Educational Psychology Evolutionary Psychology Health Psychology History and Systems in Psychology Music Psychology Neuropsychology Organizational Psychology Psychological Assessment and Testing Psychology of Human-Technology Interaction Psychology Professional Development and Training Research Methods in Psychology Social Psychology Social Sciences Anthropology Anthropology of Religion Human Evolution Medical Anthropology Physical Anthropology Regional Anthropology Social and Cultural Anthropology Theory and Practice of Anthropology Business and Management Accounting Business History Business Strategy Business Ethics Business and Government Business and Technology Business and the Environment Comparative Management Corporate Governance Corporate Social Responsibility Entrepreneurship Health Management Human Resource Management Industrial and Employment Relations Industry Studies Information and Communication Technologies Innovation International Business Knowledge Management Management and Management Techniques Marketing Operations Management Organizational Theory and Behaviour Pensions and Pension Management Public and Nonprofit Management Sales Social Issues in Business and Management Strategic Management Supply Chain Management Criminology and Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Criminology Forms of Crime International and Comparative Criminology Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Development Studies Economics Agricultural, Environmental, and Natural Resource Economics Asian Economics Behavioural Finance Behavioural Economics and Neuroeconomics Econometrics and Mathematical Economics Economic Methodology Economic Systems Economic History Economic Development and Growth Financial Markets Financial Institutions and Services General Economics and Teaching Health, Education, and Welfare History of Economic Thought International Economics Labour and Demographic Economics Law and Economics Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics Microeconomics Public Economics Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics Welfare Economics Education Adult Education and Continuous Learning Care and Counselling of Students Early Childhood and Elementary Education Educational Equipment and Technology Educational Research Methodology Educational Strategies and Policy Higher and Further Education Organization and Management of Education Philosophy and Theory of Education Schools Studies Secondary Education Teaching of a Specific Subject Teaching of Specific Groups and Special Educational Needs Teaching Skills and Techniques Environment Applied Ecology (Social Science) Climate Change Conservation of the Environment (Social Science) Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Social Science) Management of Land and Natural Resources (Social Science) Natural Disasters (Environment) Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Social Science) Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Social Science) Sustainability Human Geography Cultural Geography Economic Geography Political Geography Interdisciplinary Studies Communication Studies Museums, Libraries, and Information Sciences Politics African Politics Asian Politics Chinese Politics Comparative Politics Conflict Politics Elections and Electoral Studies Environmental Politics Ethnic Politics European Union Foreign Policy Gender and Politics Human Rights and Politics Indian Politics International Relations International Organization (Politics) International Political Economy Irish Politics Latin American Politics Middle Eastern Politics Political Theory Political Methodology Political Communication Political Philosophy Political Sociology Political Behaviour Political Economy Political Institutions Politics and Law Politics and Religion Politics of Development Public Administration Public Policy Qualitative Political Methodology Quantitative Political Methodology Regional Political Studies Russian Politics Security Studies State and Local Government UK Politics US Politics Regional and Area Studies African Studies Asian Studies East Asian Studies Japanese Studies Latin American Studies Middle Eastern Studies Native American Studies Scottish Studies Research and Information Research Methods Social Work Addictions and Substance Misuse Adoption and Fostering Care of the Elderly Child and Adolescent Social Work Couple and Family Social Work Direct Practice and Clinical Social Work Emergency Services Human Behaviour and the Social Environment International and Global Issues in Social Work Mental and Behavioural Health Poverty Social Justice and Human Rights Social Policy and Advocacy Social Work and Crime and Justice Social Work Macro Practice Social Work Practice Settings Social Work Research and Evidence-based Practice Welfare and Benefit Systems Sociology Childhood Studies Community Development Comparative and Historical Sociology Disability Studies Economic Sociology Gender and Sexuality Gerontology and Ageing Health, Illness, and Medicine Marriage and the Family Migration Studies Occupations, Professions, and Work Organizations Population and Demography Race and Ethnicity Social Theory Social Movements and Social Change Social Research and Statistics Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility Sociology of Religion Sociology of Education Sport and Leisure Urban and Rural Studies Warfare and Defence Defence Strategy, Planning, and Research Land Forces and Warfare Military Administration Military Life and Institutions Naval Forces and Warfare Other Warfare and Defence Issues Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution Weapons and Equipment Browse all content Browse content in * Journals * Books RESEARCH WITH IMPACT Oxford Academic is Oxford University Press's academic research platform, providing access to over 50,000 books and 500 journals. Explore journals Explore books INFORMATION * About Oxford Academic * What we publish * Purchasing * Institutional account management * Get help with access * Authoring * Open research * Using the content * Legal and policy * Advertising * Media enquiries * Contact us Read the report RESPONSIBLE PUBLISHING REPORT This report highlights the progress we have made towards our responsible publishing goals over the past year. Read the report Explore our hub AI AND RESEARCHERS At OUP, we are committed to helping academic researchers harness AI to improve research outcomes. Explore our hub Take a look NEW TO ACADEMIC PUBLISHING? We know that publishing can be a confusing process. Use our comprehensive resources to guide you on the journey. Take a look Research from all angles OXFORD INTERSECTIONS Our cohort of experts are investigating urgent and challenging subjects, such as AI in Society and Racism by Context. Research from all angles LATEST BOOKS The Law of Security and Title Based Financing 4e (4th Edition) EU Banking Law and Regulation Fiction on the Page in Nineteenth-Century Magazines Financial and Fiscal Policies: Crises and New Realities (Second Edition) Understanding and Effectively Utilizing Experiential Therapy: A Mindfulness and Trauma Sensitive Approach to Extending Talk Therapy British Sporting Relations with Apartheid South Africa: The Politics of Racism and Anti-Racism, 1948–1994 Skepticism and Fallibilism The Scientific Sublime in Imperial Rome: Manilius, Seneca, Lucan, and the Aetna Lay Learning and the Bible in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World A Family Guide to Parenting Musically LATEST JOURNAL ARTICLES Chromosome-scale reference genome and RAD-based genetic map of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) reveal putative structural variation and QTL associated with invader traits in Genome Biology and Evolution Update of the FANTOM web resource: enhancement for studying noncoding genomes in Nucleic Acids Research Sex differences in myocardial infarction care and outcomes: a longitudinal Scottish National Data-Linkage Study in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology Based proteomics analyses reveal response mechanisms of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) against the heat stress in Journal of Insect Science A Phase 1b/2a Single Ascending Dose Study of a Half-life Extended RSV Neutralizing Antibody, Clesrovimab, in Healthy Preterm and Full-term Infants in The Journal of Infectious Diseases Uncomfortable knowledge, the production of ignorance, and the trustworthiness of UK policing in Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice CONNECT * X (formerly Twitter) * Facebook * YouTube * LinkedIn * Blog * Mailing List Advertisement * About Oxford Academic * Publish journals with us * University press partners * What we publish * New features * Authoring * Open access * Purchasing * Institutional account management * Rights and permissions * Get help with access * Accessibility * Contact us * Advertising * Media enquiries * Oxford University Press * News * Oxford Languages * University of Oxford Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide * Copyright © 2024 Oxford University Press * Cookie settings * Cookie policy * Privacy policy * Legal notice Close Close THIS FEATURE IS AVAILABLE TO SUBSCRIBERS ONLY Sign In or Create an Account Close This PDF is available to Subscribers Only View Article Abstract & Purchase Options For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Close Manage Cookies When you visit web sites, they may store or retrieve data in your web browser. This storage is often necessary for basic functionality of the web site or the storage may be used for the purposes of marketing, analytics, and personalization of the web site such as storing your preferences. Powered by Privado Save Oxford University Press uses cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By selecting ‘accept all’ you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time. More information can be found in our Cookie Policy. Reject and manage Deny all Accept all