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NEWS LETTER


‘SURPRISED AND CONCERNED’: SCIENTISTS FIND GROUNDWATER EXTRACTED BY HUMANS HAS
SHIFTED TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS

Seoul, South KoreaEdited By: Nishtha BadgamiaUpdated: Jun 21, 2023, 11:04 AM IST

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The researchers for this study first modelled the observed changes in the drift
of Earth’s rotational pole and the movement of water with only ice sheets and
glaciers and later with different scenarios of groundwater redistribution.
Photograph:(AFP)



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STORY HIGHLIGHTS

The study, based on climate models, has said that an estimated 2,150 gigatonnes
of water have been pumped out between 1993 and 2010 which is enough water to
fill Lake Victoria in Africa and would weigh as much as 5.5 million Empire State
Buildings. 



A new study has left scientists surprised and concerned after it was found that
humans have pumped out so much groundwater in the past two decades that it has
shifted the tilt of the Earth’s axis. According to the findings of the research
published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal by the American Geophysical
Union, the Earth has tilted as much as 80 centimetres (31.5 inches) between 1993
and 2010, which has been attributed to humans pumping out groundwater and moving
it elsewhere. 






HOW MUCH GROUNDWATER HAS BEEN EXTRACTED?





The study, based on climate models, has said that an estimated 2,150 gigatonnes
of water have been pumped out between 1993 and 2010 which is enough water to
fill Lake Victoria in Africa and would weigh as much as 5.5 million Empire State
Buildings. 


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Additionally, the extracted water which ended up in the oceans also contributed
to six millimetres of sea level rise. However, the researchers have noted that
validating this estimate is difficult. 


EARTH’S AXIS AND WATER



The phenomenon of water’s influence on Earth’s rotation was discovered in 2016
but until recent research, there was nothing known about the contribution of
groundwater to these changes on the planet’s axis. 

The researchers for this study first modelled the observed changes in the drift
of Earth’s rotational pole and the movement of water with only ice sheets and
glaciers and later with different scenarios of groundwater redistribution.

It was found that the model only matched the observed polar drift once the
researchers included 2150 gigatones of groundwater redistribution without which
it was off by around 78.5 centimetres (31 inches), or 4.3 centimetres (1.7
inches) of drift per year. 

The study also noted the impact of the location of the groundwater on the change
in the polar drift as most of the water was redistributed in western North
America and northwestern India during the time period studied. Since both
regions are at midlatitudes, researchers observed that redistributing water from
the midlatitudes has a larger impact on Earth’s rotational pole. 

“Countries’ attempts to slow groundwater depletion rates, especially in those
sensitive regions, could theoretically alter the change in drift, but only if
such conservation approaches are sustained for decades,” said Ki-Weon Seo, a
geophysicist at Seoul National University in South Korea, who led the study, in
a statement. 

He also spoke about how this study finds “that among climate-related causes, the
redistribution of groundwater actually has the largest impact on the drift of
the rotational pole.” 


‘SURPRISED AND CONCERNED’ ABOUT THE FINDINGS



Seo also said that he is “very glad” about finding the “unexplained cause of the
rotation pole drift.” However, “as a resident of Earth and a father, I’m
concerned and surprised to see that pumping groundwater is another source of
sea-level rise”. 

Speaking about the step forward, the lead author said that since polar motion
data is available dates back to the late 19th century, it could potentially be
used to understand continental water storage variations during the last
century. 

“Were there any hydrological regime changes resulting from the warming climate?
Polar motion could hold the answer,” said Seo. Surendra Adhikari, a research
scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who was not involved in the
study, said that the study was about to quantify “ the role of groundwater
pumping on polar motion, and it’s pretty significant.”

 


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