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“I DON’T THINK DIRECTORS SHOULD BE AMENABLE”: ERIK MESSERSCHMIDT ON SHOOTING THE
KILLER AND DAVID FINCHER’S SIMPLE PROCESS

Nick Newman○November 8, 2023

One of my most-read pieces last year revolved around two films that hadn’t shown
a single frame. Strange except for the fact that it was a conversation with Erik
Messerschmidt, whose recent time’s been devoted to shooting new films by David
Fincher and Michael Mann––exactly the subjects who will earn eyeballs with just
a mention. One year later, with The Killer winding down its limited release
before a Netflix debut on Friday, I spoke again with Messerschmidt about the
intensive, exhaustive, rewarding process behind one of 2023’s supreme
entertainments, and how being guided by modern American cinema’s most-obsessive
auteur was the only way to get it right.

The Film Stage: I made a point of seeing The Killer at New York’s Paris
Theater––it’s a nice-sized screen, well-projected, a Dolby sound system. The
unfortunate truth is that most watching it on Netflix won’t have a comparable
experience.

Erik Messerschmidt: Sure.

Millions of people can see it, but then you think about people’s set-ups––let
alone competing for their attention. How do you generally feel about this
dichotomy, and specifically with this film?

I think the cinema is an extraordinary community experience, and it’s for that
reason that it’s worth protecting. I think there is something really
extraordinary about being in the room and experiencing something at the same
time, and there is something equally extraordinary of being a director and
experimenting whether or not you can control the audience response en masse. You
know? Which is something you can only really test in the cinema environment.
Look: there’s a real thing about being able to pause it and go to the bathroom,
or pause it and go grab another glass of wine or whatever––pause it and watch it
later. The “captive audience” part of the cinema is what makes it unique and
important. I don’t necessarily agree that the technology is the reason to go to
the cinema. I think the immersive nature of being in the black room with the
single screen without screaming kids and your phone sitting there––all the other
distractions––that’s a real thing. And I think the sound is a real thing,
although people have home theaters in their homes now and surround sound and
stuff. But it’s not the same as being in a calibrated environment.

I sort of go back to my childhood and think… I didn’t see Star Wars projected
until I was, probably, 19 years old, but I had seen it 50 times on my parents’
VHS. In the wrong aspect ratio. And it’s the movie that made me want to make
movies. As a cinematographer––as a student of cinema––I think it’s vitally
important to project cinema and encourage people to see movies in a cinema. This
movie in particular is especially well-appreciated in a cinema, but I would
argue more for the sound, to be honest––because of what Ren [Klyce] is doing
with the sound. I hope people enjoy the picture, too, obviously. I don’t put
much stock in the idea of “Oh, well, it’s going to be on Netflix so people are
going to see the film on television.” I just think people see films on
television anyway.

Half the movies I see, by the way––and I’m hesitant to admit it, but it’s
true––are on airplanes. [Laughs] I think the goal of filmmakers is to reach the
audience, and you want to reach as many as possible, and hope people see your
movie in the cinema. That’s where it’s intended. But you have to accept the
reality that there are many avenues to view the image, and if someone sees it on
Netflix, hopefully next time there’s a screening they get up and go. When
there’s a screening of Lawrence of Arabia I jump at the opportunity because
there are so few opportunities, but it doesn’t mean I don’t enjoy it at home on
my Apple TV either. [Laughs]

Already there’s this popular reading that the film is a self-portrait of
Fincher: the consummate professional involved with big corporate, global
entities but still just trying to do his work.

[Laughs]

Being that you’ve collaborated with him over several years and, I assume, know
him well, I wonder if that idea a) rings true, and b) was at all broached in
discussions of the film.

[Laughs] No. No, it wasn’t. I think… it’s easy to draw those conclusions because
David’s public persona is one of extreme control and precision. The reality is:
David is a compassionate, thoughtful, empathetic person. You know? [Laughs] So
no, I don’t think so. I think that there are… I think when you’re a film
director you’re in a high-pressure job that’s high-stakes and you have an
obligation to fulfill your responsibilities. [Laughs] Particularly when you’re
working for a studio. Beyond that: people say that. I just don’t agree; I don’t
think that’s true. It’s humorous, but: no. [Laughs]

The first chapter is about observing things that are some distance away.
Sometimes it’s just outside, but he has to assassinate a target in a room across
a wide street, in a space we see through a telescope. What are some elements of
organizing that exactly as needed and necessary?

That sequence is the result of many months of work and it was shot over the
course of several months––not continuously, but the sequence is made up of
sections that were not shot in-continuity or together. The film, as a whole, I
think is really a conversation about subjectivity and point of view. We wanted
to use the technique of putting the audience inside the Killer’s head and then
stepping back and being objective, jumping back-and-forth with that. You see it
in the movie with sound; you see it with picture. The apartment across the
street, where the target is, was built on stage and we’d had various discussions
about how we would cover that and shoot it––because it’s quite an elaborate bit
of staging. But David was always quite clear. He said, “Everything we see here
has to come from the Killer’s perspective. We’re never really outside of his
purview.” That’s not entirely true; we cut to Dolores in the bathroom as she
realizes that Hodges has been shot with a nail-gun. But that’s really the only
point-of-view break in the film.

This sequence had to be entirely shot and staged from that one camera
perspective, really, and so we built the set onstage and rehearsed it
extensively. I think it took an entire day-and-a-half to rehearse that sequence
and make sure everyone’s movement’s in the right place. You can see the glass of
scotch but he doesn’t have a good shot here, and she covers him here––none of
that is happenstance. That has all been structured; David runs the scene with
the actors; they look at it. And then it was really about trying to make sure
when all the elements are compiled. Because it’s a visual-effects
sleight-of-hand trick. The apartment is not real; it’s been built on a stage.
The façade has been painted in and it’s a set extension of an existing plate. So
we sort of have to know where we were going when we shot the sequence in Paris.
The exterior, the street, the point-of-views, the side of the house. We knew we
were going to put a building there. The reality is: that apartment doesn’t exist
in Paris. So it’s a conversation about balance and color temperature and all the
technical stuff. It was much more a conversation about camera direction and
scene structure than it was about lighting.

We wanted to make sure the screen direction was correct. What side of the line
are we on? The Killer is always left; they’re always right. Then the sets were
built with that in mind, so when Don Burt built the sets, we knew we were going
to be looking into that library for the most part and the Killer would always be
shooting left or right. So the vast majority of the coverage––in general––is
that screen direction. There are breaks in that, of course, when he’s brushing
his teeth. When we open the film we track across. All that stuff. But in general
we were pretty dogmatic with that, and dogmatic with screen direction the whole
movie, really. Because the film is so much about geography: where he is in
relation to his targets. We want to make sure the audience understands that.
Even in the fight it’s the same thing: screen direction and shot design, more
than anything. The lighting is much more reflexive to that stuff; it’s a
janitorial response [Laughs] to where we’re putting the camera.

The Killer is quite rich in locations, which I think raises a challenge––there’s
a line between evoking a place without relying too much on familiar signifiers,
like a helicopter shot introducing a city or a grainy, yellow filter if you’re
in Mexico. If you know you’re going to shoot in Chicago, do you look for things
that are “Chicago-esque”? Or the same with, say, Santo Domingo.

I think, in general, filmmakers get preoccupied with stuff that’s not really
important. I think filmmakers look for the cool shot––the “get.” It’s so
seductive. A very experienced, older producer said to me once, when I was
scouting a commercial: “It’s not about the shot. It’s about the shots.” And it
really stuck with me because I think he’s right. For me it’s so much more about
telling the story. You have to make sure the thing you’re including in the frame
is telling the story. Most of the time that includes what the actors are doing
in front of the camera, you know? We talked about what the movie would look
like, but very briefly. Really the result of the film, I think, comes from
several things, but we went on an initial scout to Paris. I had my camera there
and we were just taking lots of pictures of various locations.

But we were always, like, photographing things in terms of, “Where can this
person be? There’s so many McDonald’s in Paris––what can we look for?” David was
not looking for the McDonald’s, but the window in the side of the wall where the
hand comes out––you see the bag. There’s plenty of McDonald’s in Paris where you
see the big, golden arches and we can get the big establishing shot. I think the
movie is generally trying to distance itself from that idea. I mean, we use
title cards, but that’s a tenet of graphic novels, I think––that kind of
storytelling. But I was taking pictures in Paris, and Paris, to me, always kind
of feels like it has this split-tone quality to it: at night it has this
coolness that’s contrasted against the bright, sodium-vapor streetlights that
central Paris is famous for. I started to grade those pictures, and I sent them
to David and said, “I think this is what Paris should look like because that’s
what I think Paris looks like.” [Laughs] And he said “Okay, cool. I’m with you.”

So we did this split-tone thing, and then we went to Santo Domingo after that.
We scouted that next––we kind of scouted the film in order––and were looking at
various plazas and where he can drive. I said, “What do you think it should look
like?” David said, “It should look like this. It should look really humid.” So
then I started thinking about what humid looks like and what Santo Domingo looks
like. It’s colorful and a cornucopia of various colors. It’s not designed in the
way Paris or Chicago is. It’s not a singular kind of… it’s very much a cacophony
of orange cabs and green cabs and blue cabs, and that of course becomes the
storytelling too. It wasn’t scripted that way, by the way: we just got to the
Dominican Republic and realized the cab companies all have different colors, so
we went “Okay, that’s interesting. We can use that to the benefit of the film.”
That became, kind of, the way that that location looked. It wasn’t like we
wanted the film to have six looks; it was more about what the locations look
like.

The harder conversation was: how do we keep these locations in the same world so
it doesn’t become the thing people talk about? “Oh, now we’re in Mexico so it’s
really yellow.” Exactly like you said. There’s a bit of that that I think is
unavoidable, but it’s so much that thing of, “Let’s try something. Dial it back.
Let’s try something else. Dial it back.” That’s the magic of color-grading. We
had ideas going into it about how Chicago should look, New York, the Dominican
Republic, but then you see the film in continuity order and that’s where the
real refinement comes. It’s easy to get carried away, basically. [Laughs]

I’m from Beacon, New York, so it was quite the surprise when that card comes up.
But it wasn’t actually shot there?

No.

I looked at the exteriors and nothing matched. Still, you get it quite right.
Even the new-money restaurant that Tilda Swinton eats in looks like so many
places in Beacon. I don’t know if you did location-scouting or had specific
references.

Oh, good. We shot that outside of Chicago because we were already in Chicago. We
looked at it. I didn’t scout New York; I think David did. It just became too
much for the production to make an additional move to New York.

Production wrapped around March of 2022; in September of 2023 it premieres. Can
you talk a bit about the nearly 18-month process from wrap to premiere?

We finished the film, really, this spring. I don’t know what the politics
are––release dates and schedule, all that stuff. I don’t understand how that
works. I’m sure, to some degree, there was hope the actor’s strike would get
resolved and that would mean Michael and Tilda would promote the movie, but I
can’t comment on that because I don’t know the decision-making behind that. What
I can say is that I don’t believe cinematography stops when you finish rolling
the camera. I think, for the finishing process in particular, it’s
half-photography. Ansel Adams said that; he wrote whole books about it. The
printing process is as important, if not more important than the actual act of
photography itself.

I think for this movie, because it is so much about precision and process, it
has to cut so beautifully. It has to cut like butter. So I know David and Kirk
[Baxter] spent an enormous amount of time honing the edit so no cut feels
forced; no cut feels drastic or whatever. Of course the visual effects are
hidden in the movie, but they’re there. And we spent a good amount of time
color-grading as well. But a lot of that stuff’s happening simultaneously.
David’s one of those guys who, if you give him more time, he’ll happily take it.
And I’m the same: if we can keep color-grading it we can keep adjusting and
refining it until you think it’s ready.

Can you watch the movie and see any number of things you want to adjust?

All the time. All the time. I think, in every creative endeavor, satisfaction is
the enemy; it’s the fear. I think when you walk away and feel really good about
something, that’s when you’ve done the worst work. [Laughs] That’s kind of a
painful reality of the job, but I look at different stuff all the time and wish
I had made different choices. That’s how you learn, I guess.

Fincher’s said that shooting a film with protective masks wasn’t very pleasant;
one can imagine why wearing a mask all day, no matter the safety and necessity,
is a drag. How did that affect your working process?

Non-verbal communication is such a part of the filmmaking process. And
particularly for David and I… I don’t generally operate the camera. I’m standing
next to David at the monitor and most of our conversations happen during the
take. By lunch they have to wipe it off because it’s completely covered in Lay’s
potato chips grease and coffee smudges because we’re pointing at the monitor and
wiping it, making these non-verbal decisions so that when David yells “cut” I
can run to the camera operator and dolly grip and we can make an adjustment to
the frame or the speed or the shot or make a lighting change, and David runs and
talks to Michael and we’re back, shooting again, forty seconds later.

It’s fascinating how much that changes when you’re wearing a mask and visor. It
certainly slows it down and changes the filmmaking process. I really believe,
fundamentally, that the end result you get when you’re making a film has an
enormous amount to do with the working practice that you’ve implemented while
you’re shooting it. The mood on the set, the circumstances you put yourself
under, the non-romantic realities of how you make a movie. There’s no doubt that
COVID affects it. The quarantine stuff, the testing, I think the production
handled really well. I wouldn’t say that affected it much. I mean, it certainly
affected the crew’s ability to enjoy New Orleans. And morale in general when
you’re cooped-up in a hotel and you have to limit your extracurricular activity.
It changes the mood of the set enormously. But no: I certainly never want to do
it again, either. So much of it is leaning into someone and whispering something
during the take. So much of it is going in and sitting in the corner and
watching a blocking rehearsal and they’re like, “There’s only six people allowed
here.” Those things affect the movie.

Fincher’s one of the most-documented directors of our time. You’ve shot hours of
TV and two features with him, and surely you have knowledge that’s never been
made public––so I have to ask if there’s anything about his working process
that’s undervalued, less-discussed, never acknowledged?

People talk about the number of takes as a pejorative. Or they talk about the
obsessive nature as a form of criticism. I just don’t see it that way. I think
that filmmakers––directors in particular but cinematographers as
well––compromise when they get out of bed in the morning. You are immediately
asked to not do what you want in every scenario. And it’s not direct. You’re
just put in scenarios constantly where you can plan something to death and force
of nature, Murphy’s Law, budget constraints, actor disagreements––whatever––come
to the table and say “Well, I know you want to do this but can you do this
instead?” It’s very easy to be amenable to that. I don’t think directors should
be amenable. I just don’t know great directors who are. I don’t know great
directors who are wildly agreeable all the time.

I think that David really cares about the movie he’s making. You know? And he
cares deeply about the people he’s working with. But he knows that if we make a
great movie, everyone looks good; if he makes a bad movie, he carries all the
weight. I think that David’s process is far simpler than people think. People
think there is a magic to this, that there is some magic thing. I shoot
commercials sometimes, and people come to me and say, “I want the David Fincher
look.” I say, “You have to do it ‘til it’s perfect. You have to do the hard
work.” And David does it, and he’s incredibly tenacious with it. That is, I
think, a very difficult thing to maintain as a director. It’s extraordinarily
hard to say to everybody, “No, no, we’re going to go again because of the bump
in the dolly there,” or “the performance was great but I didn’t like the
background crossing.” They say “Oh, my God,” but those people don’t have to sit
in the editing room for six months and look at it. I wish more directors were
like David. He’s certainly unique, but to me he’s extraordinary.

The Killer is now in limited release and comes to Netflix on Friday, November
10.

David FincherThe Killer

Nick Newman
Managing Editor

Nick lives in New York with his cats Drenka and Telemachus.

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Store and/or access information on a device

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What if I don't consent?
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How does legitimate interest work?
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Do I have to consent to everything?

Your personal data will be processed and information from your device (cookies,
unique identifiers, and other device data) may be stored by, accessed by and
shared with 137 TCF vendor(s) and 67 ad partner(s), or used specifically by this
site or app.

Some vendors may process your personal data on the basis of legitimate interest,
which you can object to by managing your options below. Look for a link at the
bottom of this page or in our privacy policy where you can withdraw consent.

Consent

Manage options

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Data preferences

MANAGE YOUR DATA

You can choose how your personal data is used. Vendors want your permission to
do the following:

TCF vendors

help_outline

STORE AND/OR ACCESS INFORMATION ON A DEVICE

Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers,
randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other
information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported
technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each
time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes
presented here.

View details
Consent (120 vendors)

USE LIMITED DATA TO SELECT ADVERTISING

Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such
as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type
or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit
the number of times an ad is presented to you).

View details
Consent (71 vendors)Legitimate interest (32 vendors)help_outline

CREATE PROFILES FOR PERSONALISED ADVERTISING

Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit,
content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you
(for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other
websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a
profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects).
Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more
relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.

View details
Consent (98 vendors)

USE PROFILES TO SELECT PERSONALISED ADVERTISING

Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising
profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or
apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and
personal aspects.

View details
Consent (94 vendors)

CREATE PROFILES TO PERSONALISE CONTENT

Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit,
non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other
information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other
websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a
profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and
personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that
appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the
order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to
find content that matches your interests.

View details
Consent (31 vendors)

USE PROFILES TO SELECT PERSONALISED CONTENT

Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content
personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other
services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible
interests and personal aspects, such as by adapting the order in which content
is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising)
content that matches your interests.

View details
Consent (25 vendors)

MEASURE ADVERTISING PERFORMANCE

Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact
with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other
users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance,
whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a
product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the
relevance of advertising campaigns.

View details
Consent (77 vendors)Legitimate interest (47 vendors)help_outline

MEASURE CONTENT PERFORMANCE

Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact
with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g.
reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether
you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product
description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc.
This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content
that is shown to you.

View details
Consent (30 vendors)Legitimate interest (15 vendors)help_outline

UNDERSTAND AUDIENCES THROUGH STATISTICS OR COMBINATIONS OF DATA FROM DIFFERENT
SOURCES

Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user
profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your
interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising)
content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which
target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).

View details
Consent (56 vendors)Legitimate interest (20 vendors)help_outline

DEVELOP AND IMPROVE SERVICES

Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with
ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to
build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of
audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or
improvement of user profiles and identifiers.

View details
Consent (65 vendors)Legitimate interest (37 vendors)help_outline

USE LIMITED DATA TO SELECT CONTENT

Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as
the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type,
or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit
the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).

View details
Consent (8 vendors)Legitimate interest (2 vendors)help_outline

ENSURE SECURITY, PREVENT AND DETECT FRAUD, AND FIX ERRORS

help_outline

Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent
activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure
systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct
any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery
of content and ads and in your interaction with them.

View details

DELIVER AND PRESENT ADVERTISING AND CONTENT

help_outline

Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to
ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to
facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.

View details

MATCH AND COMBINE DATA FROM OTHER DATA SOURCES

help_outline

Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with
other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for
instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card
in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in
this notice.

View details

LINK DIFFERENT DEVICES

help_outline

In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be
considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your
household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both
your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet
connection on both devices).

View details

IDENTIFY DEVICES BASED ON INFORMATION TRANSMITTED AUTOMATICALLY

help_outline

Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it
automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of
your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the
purposes exposed in this notice.

View details

USE PRECISE GEOLOCATION DATA

With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500
metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.

View details
Consent

You can choose your data preferences. This site or app wants your permission to
do the following:

Site or app

USE LIMITED DATA TO SELECT ADVERTISING

View details
Consent

USE PROFILES TO SELECT PERSONALISED ADVERTISING

View details
Consent

MEASURE ADVERTISING PERFORMANCE

View details
Consent

DEVELOP AND IMPROVE SERVICES

View details
Consent

Vendor preferences

Accept all

Confirm choices

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Vendor preferences

CONFIRM OUR VENDORS

Vendors can use your data to provide services. Declining a vendor can stop them
from using the data you shared.

TCF vendors

help_outline

EXPONENTIAL INTERACTIVE, INC D/B/A VDX.TV

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers,
Non-precise location data

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ROQ.AD GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Precise location data, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction
data, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

INDEX EXCHANGE INC.

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Precise location data, Device
identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

QUANTCAST

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

BEESWAXIO CORPORATION

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Precise location data, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Probabilistic
identifiers, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SOVRN, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data,
Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADIKTEEV

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Authentication-derived identifiers, Device
identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

RTB HOUSE S.A.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

THE UK TRADE DESK LTD

Cookie duration: 3629 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Precise location data, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise
location data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADMETRICS GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Device characteristics

View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

AMOBEE INC.

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

EPSILON

Cookie duration: 184 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

YAHOO EMEA LIMITED

Cookie duration: 397 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Precise location data, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADVENTORI SAS

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Authentication-derived identifiers, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Non-precise location
data, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

TRIPLELIFT, INC.

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

XANDR, INC.

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

NEORY GMBH

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

UNRULY GROUP LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Users’
profiles, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

NEURAL.ONE

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADITION (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ACTIVE AGENT (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

TABOOLA EUROPE LIMITED

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SMART ADSERVER

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADFORM A/S

Cookie duration: 1 (days).

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

MAGNITE, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

RATEGAIN ADARA INC

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, User-provided
data

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SIFT MEDIA, INC

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Precise location data, Device identifiers, IP
addresses, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

RAKUTEN MARKETING LLC

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

LUMEN RESEARCH LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

AMAZON AD SERVER

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

OPENX

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

YIELDLAB (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Precise location data, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ROKU ADVERTISING SERVICES

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SIMPLIFI HOLDINGS INC

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Precise location data, Device identifiers, IP
addresses

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

PUBMATIC, INC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

COMSCORE B.V.

Cookie duration: 720 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Probabilistic identifiers, Device characteristics, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

FLASHTALKING

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

PULSEPOINT, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, IP addresses, Device
characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SMAATO, INC.

Cookie duration: 21 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Precise location data, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction
data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SEMASIO GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, IP addresses

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

CRIMTAN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

GENIUS SPORTS UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

CRITEO SA

Cookie duration: 390 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADLOOX SA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

BLIS GLOBAL LIMITED

Cookie duration: 400 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

LOTAME SOLUTIONS, INC

Cookie duration: 274 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

LIVERAMP

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

GROUPM UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SONOBI, INC

Cookie duration: 60 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise
location data

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

LOOPME LIMITED

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

DYNATA LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

ASK LOCALA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Precise location data, Device
identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

NEAR INTELLIGENCE

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Precise location data, Device identifiers,
Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

DOUBLEVERIFY INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

BIDSWITCH GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

IPONWEB GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

NEXTROLL, INC.

Cookie duration: 183 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

TEADS FRANCE SAS

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

STRÖER SSP GMBH (SSP)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

OS DATA SOLUTIONS GMBH &AMP; CO. KG

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

PERMODO GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

PLATFORM161 B.V.

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADACADO TECHNOLOGIES INC. (DBA ADACADO)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Non-precise location data

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

BASIS GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SMADEX, S.L.U.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Users’
profiles, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location data,
Device characteristics, User-provided data

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

BOMBORA INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Authentication-derived identifiers, Device
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Users’ profiles, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

EASYMEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

REMERGE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Browsing and interaction data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADVANCED STORE GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

MAGNITE CTV, INC.

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

DELTA PROJECTS AB

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

USEMAX ADVERTISEMENT (EMEGO GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Users’ profiles

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

EMETRIQ GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

PUBLICIS MEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

M.D. PRIMIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Cookie duration: 25 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Non-precise location
data, Device characteristics, User-provided data

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ONETAG LIMITED

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Device identifiers, Browsing and
interaction data, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES S.A.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

SMARTOLOGY LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

IMPROVE DIGITAL

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Cookie duration resets each session.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

ADOBE ADVERTISING CLOUD

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device identifiers, IP addresses

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

BANNERFLOW AB

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

TABMO SAS

Doesn't use cookies.

Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE, INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data, IP
addresses, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline

WIZALY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses, Non-precise location
data, Device characteristics

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.

View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent

WEBORAMA

Cookie duration: 393 (days).

Data collected and processed: Privacy choices, Authentication-derived
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JIVOX CORPORATION

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MOBILE PROFESSIONALS BV / SAGE&AMP;ARCHER BV

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ON DEVICE RESEARCH LIMITED

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EXACTAG GMBH

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CELTRA INC.

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MAINADV SRL

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GEMIUS SA

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ORACLE ADVERTISING

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NUMBERLY

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BLENDEE SRL

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INNOVID LLC

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KOCHAVA INC.

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ADOBE AUDIENCE MANAGER, ADOBE EXPERIENCE PLATFORM

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ONLINE SOLUTION

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CINT AB

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GOOGLE ADVERTISING PRODUCTS

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GFK SE

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CLINCH LABS LTD

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AMAZON ADVERTISING

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MOLOCO, INC.

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NOBID, INC.

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ADTRIBA GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

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OBJECTIVE PARTNERS BV

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ENSIGHTEN

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EBAY INC

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