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Technology
NOBEL PRIZE WINS POINT TO A PIVOTAL MOMENT OF THE NEW AI ERA
AI’s role in scientific research is evolving from a tool to a primary driver of
discovery.
*
*
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EXPERT OPINION BY MICHA BREAKSTONE, FOUNDER AND CEO OF
SOMITE.AI @MICHABREAKSTONE
DEC 1, 2024
The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to US physicist John J Hopfield and
Canadian-British computer scientist and cognitive psychologist Geoffrey E
Hinton. Photo: Getty Images
Last month, the scientific community experienced a groundbreaking moment with
the announcement of the 2024 Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry. In an
unprecedented outcome, both prizes were awarded for achievements involving
artificial intelligence—signaling the beginning of an AI-driven era in
scientific discovery. This historic event not only honors the visionary minds
behind these innovations but also indicates a profound shift: AI is
transitioning from being a mere tool to becoming the true driver of discovery
itself.
NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS: NEURAL NETWORKS PROPEL AI REVOLUTION
The Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Geoffrey Hinton, often referred to as
the “Godfather of Artificial Intelligence,” and John Hopfield. In the 1980s,
these pioneers laid the foundation for artificial neural networks—mathematical
systems inspired by the human brain. Hopfield designed a network capable of
storing and reconstructing complex patterns, which Hinton subsequently advanced.
Hinton’s application of the Boltzmann machine enabled feature detection and
automated learning, forming the backbone of modern AI technologies, including
systems like ChatGPT.
NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY: AI UNLOCKS THE PROTEIN FOLDING MYSTERY
The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Demis Hassabis, John Jumper, and
David Baker for their pioneering use of AI in protein research. In 2020,
Hassabis and Jumper developed AlphaFold2, an AI model that solved a 50-year-old
challenge: predicting protein structures. This model can now predict the
structure of approximately 200 million proteins and is utilized by researchers
in 190 countries for drug development, antibiotic resistance studies, and the
creation of enzymes to break down plastic. Baker expanded on this by using AI to
design entirely new proteins, paving the way for applications in drug
development, vaccines, nanomaterials, and microscopic sensors.
AI: THE NEW DISCOVERER IN SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENT
This year’s Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry represent a pivotal moment,
elevating AI from a supporting role to a primary force in scientific progress.
The breakthroughs in physics, chemistry, and biology that led to these awards
were made possible due to neural networks and advanced machine learning
tools—not just through human ingenuity.
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The combined efforts of Hinton, Hopfield, Hassabis, Jumper, and Baker signify a
significant transformation in how scientific research is conducted. The
traditional perception of slow, meticulous experiments has shifted to AI-driven
acceleration, where new insights are uncovered at speeds never before imagined.
As technology continues to evolve, science may be entering an era where an AI
system itself could win a Nobel Prize—not just the individuals who developed it.
STARTUPS HARNESS AI POTENTIAL TO SHAPE INDUSTRIES
This transformation goes beyond academia. Major corporations are now putting AI
at the core of their scientific efforts. Recently, pharmaceutical giant Eli
Lilly appointed Thomas Fuchs as its first AI chief, indicating a new direction
for the entire industry.
Startups, too, are leveraging AI’s transformative capabilities. A prime example
is Xaira, Nobel laureate David Baker’s new venture, which recently secured a
billion-dollar investment to commercialize his discoveries. While this level of
funding blurs the line between startup and corporation, it highlights AI’s
enormous potential for scientific innovation and entrepreneurship.
Another example is Somite.ai, the my company, which developed the DeltaStem
platform—named after AlphaFold, the system that earned Hassabis and Jumper their
Nobel Prize. Somite.ai’s platform trains foundational models to predict
intercellular communication and cell differentiation, enabling the discovery and
optimization of novel therapies. It also generates vast amounts of biological
data, driving further scientific breakthroughs with the ultimate goal of
developing treatments that could potentially cure tens of millions of people.
Indeed, the future of medicine lies at the intersection of artificial
intelligence and biology. But perhaps more profoundly, the very essence of
“discovery” is being redefined. AI is no longer just assisting human
scientists—it may just yet become the scientist, pushing the boundaries of what
was once thought to be solely within human reach.
As this AI-driven revolution gathers momentum, the future holds limitless
potential for companies and startups to reshape industries and improve human
lives.
The opinions expressed here by Inc.com columnists are their own, not those of
Inc.com.
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