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Trust & Security

SECURITY AT VANGUARD

Keeping your accounts secure is our priority. Partnership is the key.

1. How we protect you
2. Online security tips
3. Protect your accounts
4. Suspect fraud?
5. Our promise

HOW WE PROTECT YOU

Investors come first in everything we do, including our security features. Learn
how we protect you and what you can do to keep your accounts safe.

Know the signs of financial exploitation

WEBSITE SECURITY

Our website employs various security features—visible and invisible—to help keep
you safe.

* Encryption
* SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) validation
* Username and password protection
* Account activity alerts
* Security questions for user authentication.
* "Time-out" feature to protect user information.
* Masking digits to protect bank account information.

We also have a redundant data center in case one data center becomes
unavailable, and test attack models within Vanguard's network.

Note: A security alert could indicate that either the date on your computer is
incorrect or you're using an outdated version of your web browser.

IN ADDITION TO THESE SAFEGUARDS, VANGUARD WILL NEVER:

* Send an unsolicited email asking you to respond with your personal account
information (e.g., username, password, or Social Security number).
* Ask for your web password in an email or request your personal information
over the phone or by U.S.mail. We may ask for personal information if you've
contacted us to report you're having trouble logging on to your Vanguard
account(s).

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03:17

Video transcript

WHEN YOU CALL VANGUARD

We'll take steps to ensure we've verified your identity before discussing
personal and financial information with you over the phone. We'll ask you to
verify personal information, which may include the security questions you
selected as part of the web registration process. For extra verification, you
can also request to use a PIN or password of your choice every time you call.

We'll never call you and ask for your password or logon credentials, your Social
Security number, or a security code you've received via text or automated call.
You should never disclose this information to anyone over the phone. If you
suspect someone has gained access to this information, contact our fraud
team immediately.

TEXT MESSAGES FROM VANGUARD

Clients can opt in to receive service alerts via text message. You might get a
service alert to remind you about an upcoming appointment or if we ever need
more information to complete a request you submitted. In addition, you can opt
to receive account activity alerts, a security feature that will notify you when
certain changes or transactions are made on your account.

Review the terms and conditions to familiarize yourself with Vanguard's policy
on service-related text messaging. Always use good judgment before tapping on
links in text messages. If you're not expecting a text message from us, we do
not recommend tapping on the link.

Notice about Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act

U.S. AML Certification (PDF)

ONLINE SECURITY TIPS

In addition to taking advantage of Vanguard's security features, here are some
general tips and best practices for keeping your personal and financial
information safe online.

SECURE YOUR COMPUTER AND MOBILE DEVICES

* Keep your operating systems up to date, and be sure to install security
software.
* Set up the screen lock feature on any mobile devices to prevent unauthorized
access.
* Always log off the site and close your internet browser or mobile app when
you finish viewing your account information online.

More about securing your devices

PUBLIC WI-FI NETWORKS

Avoid using public wi-fi networks or unfamiliar hotspots. These networks are
much more vulnerable than secure networks to malicious software that can install
malware on your device to capture your username, password, and other security
credentials when you go online.

BEWARE OF UNSOLICITED "POPUP" REQUESTS

If you didn't ask for it, you should decline the offer and close the window.
Before installing any software on your device, always take a few minutes to
research it.

SOCIAL MEDIA

Use common sense and caution when sharing personal information on social media,
and make sure you know exactly how to control the privacy settings for every
site you use.

FBI'S COMMON SCAMS

The FBI website contains helpful information on how to protect your computer,
along with an updated list of common scams and internet crimes.

Scams and Safety on the Internet

FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION

ARE YOU AT RISK?

Financial exploitation is a real concern, particularly for seniors and other
vulnerable investors. Elder fraud claims billions of dollars a year in damages,
but the truth is that anyone at any age can become a victim. The financial and
emotional toll it takes on individuals and families can be devastating.

TAKE THESE IMPORTANT STEPS TO PROTECT YOURSELF:

* Review and update your security settings to ensure you've taken all the steps
available to you to safeguard your accounts. Here's how: Once logged on to
your account, from My Accounts, go to Profile & Account Settings and
Security.
* Prepare estate planning documents while you're in good health. Work with an
attorney to determine if a durable or springing power of attorney is most
appropriate for you; either of these would remain in effect if you were to
become incapacitated.
* Beware of "robocalls" from unknown numbers.
* Don't share personal information (i.e., Social Security number, driver’s
license or passport information, passwords, or logon credentials) with anyone
if you haven't initiated the original contact.
* To reduce unwanted calls, register your home or mobile phone number on the
FTC's National Do Not Call Registry.
* Beware of "phishing" emails and clicking or tapping on links in any
unsolicited email message.
* Be wary of pop-up notifications that indicate your computer has been infected
with a virus and direct you to click on a link or call a phone number,
instead consult a local computer repair specialist for guidance.
* Never wire or send money to someone you haven't met in person.

FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION AND SENIORS

Scammers target seniors in part because they're more likely to have accumulated
significant wealth and assets, although seniors at all income levels are
vulnerable. A list of common scams can be found on the FBI and FTC resources
provided on this page.

In some cases, seniors are financially exploited by a close contact, family
member, or caretaker, making the situation even more sensitive and complex.

FRAUDULENT "PHISHING" EMAILS

Scams designed to lure you into sharing your personal or financial credentials
are becoming increasingly popular throughout the global financial industry.
Cyber criminals attempt to get users to click a fraudulent link through a phone
text message, email, or voicemail.

Beware of Smishing, Phishing, Vishing and POP-UPS

These types of cyber-attacks can happen to anyone. All the criminals need are
random emails or phone numbers to steal personal data. Cyber criminals are
sophisticated and go to great lengths to get you to believe they are from
legitimate companies or organizations.

More about phishing emails

More smishing, phishing, vishing and pop-ups

CREATE STRONG PASSWORDS

Your Vanguard account password should be reasonably complex and preferably at
least 8 characters long. You should also update your password regularly and
ensure it's different from the passwords you use to log on to other websites.

More tips on passwords and credentials

MONITOR YOUR ACCOUNT FOR FRAUDULENT ACTIVITY

Vanguard sends confirmation letters or emails when changes occur on your
account. You can also sign up to receive account activity alerts via text for
more immediate notification. If you see a change or transaction you didn't
authorize, or you suspect fraud for any reason, contact us immediately at
877-223-6977 or via email at fraud@vanguard.com.

And if you've been a victim of identity theft within the past 12 months, please
let us know.

VANGUARD WILL NEVER CALL YOU AND ASK YOU FOR:

* Your password/logon credentials.
* A security code you received via text or automated call.
* Your social security number.

You should never disclose this information to anyone over the phone. If you
suspect someone has gained access to this information, contact our fraud team
immediately. We won’t send emails with logon links or attachments unless you’re
expecting such an email from us based on a conversation with one of our crew
members.

Naming a trusted contact can help prevent financial exploitation. A trusted
contact is someone Vanguard could reach out to if we ever have concerns that you
might be a victim of financial exploitation or are experiencing cognitive
decline. This person is strictly an emergency contact and wouldn't have any
access to your account.

Name a trusted contact

HELP KEEP YOUR LOVED ONES SAFE

You can help protect family members, loved ones, and even yourself by having
regular conversations about financial planning and physical well-being.
Understanding your loved one's overall financial situation, including plans for
retirement income and transfer of assets, and making sure their estate planning
documents have been prepared, are important steps. Pay attention to any concerns
that may arise, especially the warning signs of exploitation, which may include
sudden or unexplained withdrawals or charges on their accounts, increased
anxiety about their finances, new relationships with people you don't know, and
sudden mood or behavioral changes.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

How to protect yourself against financial exploitation (Vanguard)

Stay vigilant, protect your finances, and avoid exploitation (Vanguard)

Common Elder Fraud Schemes (FBI)

Avoiding and Reporting Scams (FTC)

Protecting Seniors from Financial Exploitation (FINRA)

Senior Scam Alert (DOJ)

PROTECT YOUR ACCOUNTS

As a client, you have an important role to play in account security. These are
some of the security features you can adopt to help protect your Vanguard
accounts.

SECURITY CODES

Security codes are a form of two-factor authentication required for most
accounts. You verify your identity with a temporary 6-digit code that we send to
your phone after entering your username and password. You may choose to receive
your code via text message (mobile only) or phone call (U.S. numbers only).

More about security codes

Enroll

SECURITY KEYS

A security key is a form of two-factor authentication that uses a physical token
to verify your identity. The security key plugs into your computer’s USB port.
Some keys also have Bluetooth or near-field communication (NFC) capabilities.

More about security keys

ACCOUNT ACTIVITY ALERTS

Receive an immediate text message or email if we discover certain transactions
and profile changes made to your account.

More about account activity alerts

Enroll

VOICE VERIFICATION

Get safe, fast access to your accounts via phone using the sound of your voice
to confirm your identity.

Watch our video to see how it works

More about voice verification

Enroll

TRUSTED CONTACT

Naming a trusted contact can be an important way to help keep your assets safe
and sound. This is a person Vanguard could reach out to if we ever had concerns
that you may be a victim of financial exploitation or are experiencing cognitive
decline.

More about trusted contacts

Name a trusted contact

MOBILE APP VERIFICATION

Use the Vanguard app to verify your identity when logging in on our website.
This process uses push notifications and your device’s existing biometrics
authentication to ensure a fast and safe verification experience.

More about mobile app verification

BIOMETRICS

Biometric authentication allows you to use your fingerprint or facial features
stored on your phone to log in to the Vanguard mobile app. It’s convenient,
safe, and uniquely you!

More about biometrics

Security codes are required for personal investor clients and participants in an
employee-sponsored plan. Voice verification and trusted contact are only
available for personal investor clients.

SUSPECT FRAUD?

Call us at 877-223-6977 or email us immediately to report unauthorized activity
on your accounts, or if you suspect fraud.

Under Vanguard’s Customer Protection Guarantee, Vanguard will reimburse you for
unauthorized distributions from your account(s) that occur through no fault of
your own, subject to eligibility requirements. See Our Promise for more
information.

STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO REPORTING FRAUD

We need to know immediately if you've been a victim of fraud. Please take the
following steps:

1. Contact Vanguard immediately at 877-223-6977 or send an email
to fraud@vanguard.com.
2. Conduct a full virus scan on all your computers and mobile devices. You need
to make sure you've removed any malicious code from your computers and
devices before completing the next steps.
3. Change your credentials on all websites you log on to. This includes your
username, password, and security questions. Also remember to change your
email and social media accounts.
4. Alert the 3 major credit bureaus. These companies monitor your credit
activity and can block people from opening accounts using your information.
Contact each credit bureau below:

Equifax: 888-766-0008

Experian: 888-397-3742

TransUnion: 800-916-8800

Protect your computer/devices

* Make sure that any computer or device you use to access your accounts has
up-to-date antivirus and antispyware software and is protected by a firewall.
* Don't use a public computer unless you know it has up-to-date security and
you can log off completely.

Protect your vanguard.com username, password, and other account-related
information

* Make sure your username, password, and answers to your security questions are
unique and strong and keep them secure.
* Be careful about responding to, opening attachments in, or clicking or
tapping links in emails that ask you for personal or financial information,
because you may expose account-related information. Vanguard will never send
you an email asking for your Social Security number, account numbers,
passwords, or security questions and answers.
* Don't store your password or answers to security questions on the computer or
device you use to access your Vanguard accounts.

IF YOU'VE BEEN A VICTIM OF IDENTITY THEFT IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS AND YOU'RE A
VANGUARD CLIENT, LET US KNOW.

You can send an email to fraud@vanguard.com and include your name, the
circumstances of the criminal activity, and a phone number where we can reach
you. Or you can call us at 877-223-6977 so we can collect the details and begin
to investigate.

Tips for keeping your account information safe (PDF)

For more information on identity theft, visit the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
website. You'll get more information about this crime, see some helpful tips
about how to protect yourself, and read about the latest scams.

Visit the FTC website

Monitor the activity in your account, and alert us immediately of any activity
you didn't authorize

* Review the account-related information we send or make available to you as
soon as you receive it, such as account statements, confirmations, changes to
your mail preferences (such as an address change), bank information (such as
the addition or deletion of a bank), and other services.
* Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity, whether that
activity is a transaction, a change to your account, or the addition,
removal, or change of an account option or service. If you see something that
you don't understand or that looks unusual, contact us for an explanation.

OUR PROMISE TO YOU

We appreciate the trust you’ve placed in Vanguard and promise to protect your
money as if it were our own.

Where you have taken the steps to protect your account as detailed below,
Vanguard will reimburse every dollar that leaves your account by way of an
unauthorized distribution.

WHAT CAN I DO TO STAY SAFE?

The security of your account is a team effort between you and Vanguard. To help
protect your account and qualify for this guarantee you must do the following:

* Guard your logon info. Never share your username, password, or security
question answers with anyone. Vanguard will never email or text you to ask
for this information.
* Protect your devices. Keep the software on your computer and mobile devices
up to date, especially the security features.
* Monitor your account. Log on regularly, review all correspondence and account
alerts and, if you notice suspicious transactions or other activity, let us
know right away at 877-223-6977 or fraud@vanguard.com.
* Once you notify Vanguard of potential unauthorized activity in your account,
cooperate with Vanguard’s investigation of that claim.

For more information, please review the sections on online security tips and
what to do if you suspect fraud.

WHAT HAPPENS IF I MAKE A CLAIM?

Vanguard may ask for your assistance investigating suspected unauthorized
activity. That may involve steps like filing a police report, providing us with
a statement of facts, and/or allowing us access to your computer. It’s important
to clearly establish that the activity was unauthorized. Vanguard may
investigate each claim and will determine your eligibility for this coverage
based on your case.

ARE CLAIMS EVER DENIED?

If you take the steps noted above to protect your account and cooperate with
Vanguard’s investigation, claims to recover funds lost by way of an unauthorized
distribution from your account will generally be approved. Remember, if you give
someone authority to transact on your behalf or share your Vanguard account
credentials or information with any person or entity, their activity will be
considered authorized, and you will not be eligible for this guarantee.

WHAT ACCOUNTS ARE COVERED?

Our reimbursement commitment covers accounts that you hold directly with
Vanguard mutual funds and accounts with Vanguard Brokerage Services®, a division
of Vanguard Marketing Corporation. If you participate in a retirement plan for
which Vanguard provides record keeping and administrative services, your
participant account is covered too (unless the activity is performed by an
employer or plan sponsor representative who is authorized to access your
account, in which case your employer or the plan sponsor may provide
reimbursement for the unauthorized activity).

WHAT ACCOUNTS AREN’T COVERED?

Our reimbursement commitment doesn't apply to unauthorized activity in annuities
or 529 savings plan accounts.

HOW WE PROTECT YOU

Investors come first in everything we do, including our security features. Learn
how we protect you and what you can do to keep your accounts safe.

Know the signs of financial exploitation

WEBSITE SECURITY

Our website employs various security features—visible and invisible—to help keep
you safe.

We also have a redundant data center in case one data center becomes
unavailable, and test attack models within Vanguard's network.

Note: A security alert could indicate that either the date on your computer is
incorrect or you're using an outdated version of your web browser.

IN ADDITION TO THESE SAFEGUARDS, VANGUARD WILL NEVER:

Video transcript

WHEN YOU CALL VANGUARD

TEXT MESSAGES FROM VANGUARD

Notice about Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act

U.S. AML Certification (PDF)

ONLINE SECURITY TIPS

In addition to taking advantage of Vanguard's security features, here are some
general tips and best practices for keeping your personal and financial
information safe online.

SECURE YOUR COMPUTER AND MOBILE DEVICES

More about securing your devices

PUBLIC WI-FI NETWORKS

BEWARE OF UNSOLICITED "POPUP" REQUESTS

If you didn't ask for it, you should decline the offer and close the window.
Before installing any software on your device, always take a few minutes to
research it.

SOCIAL MEDIA

Use common sense and caution when sharing personal information on social media,
and make sure you know exactly how to control the privacy settings for every
site you use.

FBI'S COMMON SCAMS

The FBI website contains helpful information on how to protect your computer,
along with an updated list of common scams and internet crimes.

Scams and Safety on the Internet

FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION

ARE YOU AT RISK?

TAKE THESE IMPORTANT STEPS TO PROTECT YOURSELF:

FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION AND SENIORS

In some cases, seniors are financially exploited by a close contact, family
member, or caretaker, making the situation even more sensitive and complex.

FRAUDULENT "PHISHING" EMAILS

Beware of Smishing, Phishing, Vishing and POP-UPS

More about phishing emails

More smishing, phishing, vishing and pop-ups

CREATE STRONG PASSWORDS

More tips on passwords and credentials

MONITOR YOUR ACCOUNT FOR FRAUDULENT ACTIVITY

And if you've been a victim of identity theft within the past 12 months, please
let us know.

VANGUARD WILL NEVER CALL YOU AND ASK YOU FOR:

* Your password/logon credentials.
* A security code you received via text or automated call.
* Your social security number.

Name a trusted contact

HELP KEEP YOUR LOVED ONES SAFE

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

How to protect yourself against financial exploitation (Vanguard)

Stay vigilant, protect your finances, and avoid exploitation (Vanguard)

Common Elder Fraud Schemes (FBI)

Avoiding and Reporting Scams (FTC)

Protecting Seniors from Financial Exploitation (FINRA)

Senior Scam Alert (DOJ)

PROTECT YOUR ACCOUNTS

As a client, you have an important role to play in account security. These are
some of the security features you can adopt to help protect your Vanguard
accounts.

SECURITY CODES

More about security codes

Enroll

SECURITY KEYS

More about security keys

ACCOUNT ACTIVITY ALERTS

Receive an immediate text message or email if we discover certain transactions
and profile changes made to your account.

More about account activity alerts

Enroll

VOICE VERIFICATION

Get safe, fast access to your accounts via phone using the sound of your voice
to confirm your identity.

Watch our video to see how it works

More about voice verification

Enroll

TRUSTED CONTACT

More about trusted contacts

Name a trusted contact

MOBILE APP VERIFICATION

More about mobile app verification

BIOMETRICS

Biometric authentication allows you to use your fingerprint or facial features
stored on your phone to log in to the Vanguard mobile app. It’s convenient,
safe, and uniquely you!

More about biometrics

Security codes are required for personal investor clients and participants in an
employee-sponsored plan. Voice verification and trusted contact are only
available for personal investor clients.

SUSPECT FRAUD?

Call us at 877-223-6977 or email us immediately to report unauthorized activity
on your accounts, or if you suspect fraud.

STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO REPORTING FRAUD

We need to know immediately if you've been a victim of fraud. Please take the
following steps:

Equifax: 888-766-0008

Experian: 888-397-3742

TransUnion: 800-916-8800

Protect your computer/devices

Protect your vanguard.com username, password, and other account-related
information

IF YOU'VE BEEN A VICTIM OF IDENTITY THEFT IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS AND YOU'RE A
VANGUARD CLIENT, LET US KNOW.

Tips for keeping your account information safe (PDF)

Visit the FTC website

Monitor the activity in your account, and alert us immediately of any activity
you didn't authorize

OUR PROMISE

OUR PROMISE TO YOU

We appreciate the trust you’ve placed in Vanguard and promise to protect your
money as if it were our own.

Where you have taken the steps to protect your account as detailed below,
Vanguard will reimburse every dollar that leaves your account by way of an
unauthorized distribution.

WHAT CAN I DO TO STAY SAFE?

The security of your account is a team effort between you and Vanguard. To help
protect your account and qualify for this guarantee you must do the following:

For more information, please review the sections on online security tips and
what to do if you suspect fraud.

WHAT HAPPENS IF I MAKE A CLAIM?

ARE CLAIMS EVER DENIED?

WHAT ACCOUNTS ARE COVERED?

WHAT ACCOUNTS AREN’T COVERED?

Our reimbursement commitment doesn't apply to unauthorized activity in annuities
or 529 savings plan accounts.

SECURITY CODES

Protecting your account is one of our top priorities- that’s why we require that
you set up security codes as your initial method of two-factor authentication
before you log into your account for the first time.

With security codes, you choose to receive a text or call you with a temporary
6-digit code. You enter that code on our site, verifying your identity not only
with something you know (your password), but also with something you have (your
phone).

You can opt to authenticate with security codes each time you log in, or only
when we don’t recognize you.

We will never phone you and ask you to disclose a security code.

To sign up for security codes, log in and navigate to the Security Profile
section of your Profile & Account Settings.

If you're an institutional investor or a financial professional, security codes
may not be part of the logon process.

Please log on to your account and review your security options under Account
Maintenance, or call us at 888-353-0547.

What does it mean for Vanguard to “remember” me?

When you log on to your Vanguard account, you'll be asked whether you want us to
"remember" you. Choosing “yes” allows us to bypass the security code step in the
future. There are a multitude of factors that contribute to your recognition,
including but not limited to device, browser, and location. If you're using a
public or shared computer or you don't want to bypass this step, choose "no" and
you will be prompted with security codes each time you log in.

Is there a cost?

Vanguard doesn't charge a fee for text messages, but carrier fees may apply.

Does a security code replace my password?

No, a security code is an added layer of protection. Enter your username and
password first, then the security code.

Can I still get security codes on my phone if I don't receive text messages?

If you have a U.S. phone number, you can choose to get automated phone calls
that read the security code to you instead of receiving the code in a text
message.

Why can't I get a security code via email?

Email phishing scams can place your personal information at serious risk. Text
messages and phone calls provide greater security, and your email providers may
be subject to cyberattacks that can compromise personal data on a large scale.

Do security codes work with financial aggregation services?

Yes. If you're using an aggregation service to help manage your financial
accounts, you shouldn't have a problem using security codes. If you have
questions about your specific aggregation service, call us at 888-353-0547. For
TTY/TDD, call 800-749-7273. We're available Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 8
p.m., Eastern Time.

Do security codes work with international phone numbers?

Yes, our codes will work with international phone numbers. Just be sure to leave
the leading "0" off when you enter your number into our system. Note that if
you're enrolled and travel outside the U.S., the mobile carrier may or may not
deliver the security code to you, depending on your roaming restrictions and the
carrier's ability to detect your location.

Do security codes expire?

Yes, security codes expire after 10 minutes. However, you can always request a
new one when you're ready.

Why aren't I receiving my security code text messages?

There are several possible explanations—one of the most common is that your
phone blocks calls or texts from unknown numbers. In this case, change your
phone settings and then choose to resend a code. We'll send you another security
code via text or phone call.

Although unusual, it's also possible that your carrier won't deliver a code
because of a network issue. If this happens, call us at 888-353-0547.

How do I update my phone number and security code settings?

If you change your phone number, you must update your Vanguard security code
settings in the Security Code section of the Account Maintenance area, or the My
Profile section if you're accessing the retirement plans area of the site. We'll
send a validation code to your new phone number using the contact method you
select. Then you'll need to enter that validation code to update the service.

If you change carriers but keep your phone number, you don't have to make any
changes to your security code service. Your security codes will automatically
reroute to your existing phone number through your new carrier.

What's the difference between a security code and a security key?

A security code is a unique number we'll send to your phone, while a security
key is a physical USB device that connects to your computer. Both security codes
and security keys help protect your account. When you obtain a security key,
you'll also sign up for security codes so you can access your account if you
don't have your key with you.

SECURITY KEYS

Security keys can be purchased from various online and trusted technology
retailers. Be sure to choose a key that is FIDO2 certified. Android users can
also use their phone as a security key through Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge.

The first time you use your security key at vanguard.com, you’ll need to
register the key so we recognize it (and you) in the future. Once it’s
registered, log on to your account with your username and password as you
normally do. Your browser will prompt you to complete login with your security
key.

It is required to register for security codes even when enrolled in security key
as a backup if you lose, misplace or forget your key.

For more information on security keys, visit our FAQ page.

ACCOUNT ACTIVITY ALERTS

How do these alerts work?

You can elect to be immediately notified by text message or email every time
there's activity on your account, including:

* Changes to your account information.
* Account transactions—purchases, sales, or exchanges.
* Transfers into or out of your account.

To choose your alert type and delivery method settings, simply log on to your
account and go to the account activity alerts section.

Am I eligible for account activity alerts?

If you're a Vanguard client with an individual account or you have a Vanguard
employer-sponsored retirement plan account, you can enroll in this service. If
you'd like to receive alerts by text message rather than email, you'll need to
use a domestic mobile number.

If there's activity on your account you don't recognize, call us immediately at
877-223-6977 or send an email to fraud@vanguard.com.

VOICE VERIFICATION

Voice verification enables us to quickly authenticate who you are and allows you
to perform many transactions by phone. Our system uses sophisticated biometric
technology to identify the unique patterns of your voice. It saves you time by
letting you bypass security questions and speak directly with one of our
investment professionals.

Enrolling in Vanguard Voice Verification™ is free and only takes a few moments.

When you sign up, you'll be asked to repeat a series of phrases. The system
captures your vocal characteristics and makes a "voice verification print"
that's as unique as your fingerprints. The next time you call us, you'll be
prompted to identify yourself and repeat your voice passphrase instead of
answering security questions.

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02:14

HOW VOICE VERIFICATION WORKS

Your voice is unique…just like your fingerprint. In fact, your voice is so
unique, you can use it as your password when you call us.

When you sign up for Vanguard Voice Verification, you'll be able to verify your
identity and let us know who you are. Just with the sound of your voice.

The privacy and security of your assets and account information are always
important to us. That's why we're offering this service as another layer of
protection…and extra peace of mind for you.

It's easy to sign up. When you enroll, our system will ask you to repeat a
phrase. As it learns your voice, it creates your “voiceprint.”

We safeguard your voiceprint with the same high-level standards that we use to
secure your financial information. Our voice verification system uses
sophisticated biometric technology to identify the unique patterns of your
voice.

Like fingerprints, no two voiceprints are the same. Whenever you call us, you'll
repeat the phrase you used when you enrolled. Then, our system will compare your
voiceprint to your live voice.

Once you're authenticated, you'll be able to speak with an associate. And you'll
be able to conduct certain transactions without having to complete additional
paperwork. That means you'll save time, too.

Go to vanguard.com/voice to get started and join the growing number of clients
who are making their accounts even more secure with the sound of their voice.

TRUSTED CONTACT

Having a trusted contact helps us administer your account and act quickly if we
suspect financial exploitation or cognitive decline. You wouldn't want
unforeseen circumstances to undermine all your plans and hard work. Just as you
create a will, name beneficiaries, and establish durable power of attorney,
naming a trusted contact with Vanguard is another measure to help keep your
assets secure.

Why name a trusted contact

While it might be uncomfortable to think about, advancing age or declining
health means that you may not always be able to manage your finances as you do
today. If that happens, you might make decisions you wouldn't have made when you
were well—or someone else may step in to make decisions for you, but perhaps not
in the way you intended.

Financial exploitation can be alarming and unexpected, especially because it can
happen at the hands of a family member, friend, or caregiver.

Who should this person be?

Your trusted contact should be someone you know would be unbiased when it comes
to your health, whereabouts, and well-being—someone with integrity whom you can
rely on. You can name anyone you decide is best. However, we encourage you to
name someone who can't transact on your accounts to help ensure objectivity.

A trusted contact is different from someone with power of attorney—who may have
limited or full authority to transact on your behalf in the event you become
incapacitated. A trusted contact has a very specific and limited role and no
power to transact or make any financial decisions for you. This person would
only be contacted if we had concerns about your capacity or wellbeing. They can
provide us with information but have no authority to transact on your behalf.

How a trusted contact can help

Our investment professionals are on alert for the signs of cognitive decline and
financial exploitation of our clients. If you've provided us with a trusted
contact, industry regulations permit us to reach out to them if we have concerns
that you may be a victim of, or may be vulnerable to, financial exploitation—or
if we're concerned about your mental or physical well-being. Having this process
in place is an important way to help protect your assets.

Learn more at FINRA's site

ENCRYPTION

A way of securing your data online by scrambling the actual information so it
becomes unreadable to anyone without the "key" to unlock the data.

SECURE SOCKETS LAYER (SSL) VALIDATION

Vanguard passed an independent and rigorous audit to get an "extended
validation" SSL certificate from Comodo, a leading internet security authority.
This can help prevent "phishing" attacks when you use certain browsers by
highlighting the web address bar in green and showing the real company name when
you access trusted websites, such as vanguard.com.

USERNAME AND PASSWORD PROTECTION

After a limited number of unsuccessful logon attempts, Vanguard will disable
your password as a precaution. If your password is disabled, you can restore
access through our website or by calling Vanguard.

MORE ON THE USA PATRIOT ACT

Pursuant to U.S. regulations issued under Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act, 31
C.F.R. Chapter X, Part 1010.651 through and including Part 1010.670, Vanguard,
Inc. ("Vanguard"), is prohibited from establishing, maintaining, administering,
or managing an account for or on behalf of any prohibited financial institutions
as determined by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN"). In
addition, Vanguard will not conduct business with any financial institutions for
which FinCEN has issued proposed rules with respect to including such entities
on the prohibited financial institutions list.

The Section 311 Special Measures regulations also require that Vanguard notify
you that your correspondent account with our financial institution may not be
used to provide access or services to any of the jurisdictions or financial
institutions, their branches, offices, or subsidiaries in any jurisdiction
listed below. If we become aware that any of the jurisdictions or financial
institutions, their branches, offices, or subsidiaries in any jurisdiction
listed below is directly or indirectly using the correspondent account you hold
at our financial institution, we will be required to take appropriate steps to
prevent such access, including, where necessary, terminating your account.

The most recent listing of prohibited financial institutions promulgated by
FinCEN, as of October 25, 2019, is as follows:

Banco Delta Asia (including its subsidiaries Delta Asia Credit Limited and Delta
Asia Insurance Limited)

Commercial Bank of Syria (including its subsidiary Syrian Lebanese Commercial
Bank)

Any Burmese banking institution (except to the extent permitted by 31 C.F.R.
1010.651(b)(3))

FBME Bank Ltd. (formerly known as Federal Bank of the Middle East, Ltd.)

Any bank or financial institution of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Bank of Dandong

Any banking institution of the Islamic Republic of Iran

There are proposed rules pending that seek to include the following financial
institutions on the above-referenced list of prohibited financial institutions
promulgated by FinCEN:

Halawi Exchange Co.

Kassem Rmeiti & Co. For Exchange (including Rmaiti Group SAL and Societe Rmaiti
SARL (STE Rmeiti))

ABLV Bank, AS

Vanguard may, from time to time, update this notice to include jurisdictions or
entities that are added to this list as new restrictions are proposed or issued.
Current listings of entities subject to final or proposed rules under Section
311 can be found on the FinCEN website.

fincen.gov/resources/statutes-and-regulations/311-special-measures

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03:17

HOW VANGUARD PROTECTS YOUR ASSETS

Welcome to the Vanguard Security Center. Online privacy is on everybody's mind
these days, and with good reason. The news carries many stories about hacked
accounts and other online security violations. Increasingly, many of the people
in our own lives are affected. As a Vanguard investor we want you to know how
seriously we take this threat and how hard we're working to protect you against
it.

Vanguard's reputation for asset management is well-known, but back here behind
the scenes we are just as committed to protecting the data of our millions of
individual, financial advisor, and institutional clients. When it comes to
online security, we are your security partner.

As a global company, we guard against, and intercept, information security
threats 24/7, around the world.

Our security systems are extensive--automatically tracking and safeguarding all
transactions. At Vanguard, we monitor and protect about a million attempts to
log on to our website every day.

And our Vanguard security crew is dedicated to the cause of online security.
After all, our money is invested here too!

We know that the best defense is being proactive. So we help our investors to
establish and maintain secure transactions up front, with valuable information,
updated procedures, and careful authentication . . . to avoid security issues in
the first place.

But--when there is an issue, we are here to help resolve that issue as quickly
and easily as possible.

Sadie's story
"A client was worried about the security of her Vanguard account because her
email was recently compromised. I verified that her account information was
up-to-date. I also helped her add additional security layers on her account, on
the web and when she calls in to Vanguard."

Darya's story
"A client contacted Vanguard after receiving notification that his online
account access had been locked. The fraud department explained to him that they
had proactively locked his account because of a suspicious phone call to our
call center. The client understood why the account was locked and was happy that
the investigator took the time to explain the situation and address all of his
concerns."

Owen's story
"After a large retail chain's network was breached, a number of clients asked if
the security of their Vanguard accounts were also affected. We explained that a
simple thing to do was to make sure that their user name and password were
different on their Vanguard account than their other online accounts."

You can be sure that we are always here, that we are watching all online
transactions, and that we are here to protect investor assets and data in any
and every way that we can. But remember . . . security is a partnership. Our
efforts are most effective when you do your part too. We depend on you to
protect yourself first by securing your online identity . . . keeping your
computer up-to-date . . . using up-to-date anti-virus software . . . monitoring
your accounts on a regular basis . . . and being very careful with respect to
the use of public Wi-Fi.

Check in at our online Security Center often to see the latest safeguards and
tips.

A typical phishing email instructs you to click a link that opens a fake website
that will ask for your name, Social Security number, account number, password,
and other personal information. It may be a message announcing that you've just
won a prize. Other phishing emails try to get you to install "malware" on your
computer: This is software that could take over your computer and steal your
online credentials. Whatever their approach, these scammers prey on our natural
tendencies to react quickly to what seems like an urgent or important request.

ASK YOURSELF

* Do I recognize the sender, or have I done business with them recently? (If
not, be suspicious—don’t click or tap.)
* Does the message refer to an action I recently took or a request I've made?
(If it feels out of the blue, you should be suspicious—don't click or tap.)
* Are they asking for my personal information? (Bad idea—don’t click or tap.)

Some scammers are quite good at "impersonating" legitimate companies, complete
with doctored logos and email addresses that look real, but on closer inspection
turn out to be imitations. Since many phishing emails originate overseas, look
closely for grammatical/spelling errors or typos, which can tip you off that the
email is fake. If you're in any doubt at all, it's best not to click or tap. You
can always call the company if you want to verify that the message is real.

WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT VANGUARD EMAILS

* We generate our emails from vanguard.com, e-vanguard.com, evanguard.com,
vanguardinvestments.com or m-vanguard.com. If you receive an email not sent
from one of these addresses, we didn't send it. However, certain trusted
third parties with established business relationships with Vanguard,
including investordelivery.com and proxyvote.com, may send emails about our
services.
* We won't send unexpected emails with logon links or attachments.
* If you receive an email from a sender claiming to be from Vanguard, and the
email requests your private or personal information, forward it to
phish@vanguard.com immediately. (If you opened any of the links or entered
personal information on an unidentified website, let us know when you forward
the message.)

VERIFY FIRST

Do not open any link on the screen to find out where it leads. Some email
scammers use "vanguard.com" in phony links to look legitimate. Unless
"vanguard.com" is immediately followed by a slash ("/"), there's a chance the
link's invalid or part of a scam. If you're unsure, don't click. Contact us
immediately at 877-223-6977 or via email at fraud@vanguard.com if you suspect
someone is trying to access your Vanguard account fraudulently.

What is SMISHING?

Smishing is a type of scam where attackers send SMS/text messages referencing an
urgent issue or threat to trick victims into responding quickly and sharing
personal information or installing malware on their devices.

Should you receive any random, unsolicited, or suspicious text message, please
forward to phish@vanguard.com

What is VISHING?

Vishing is a type of scam where cybercriminals place phone calls to victims
purporting to be from a legitimate company in order to persuade the victims into
sharing their personal and/or financial credentials.

What is PHISHING?

Phishing is a type of scam where attackers send emails with links impersonating
organizations to trick victims into sharing personal information or installing
malware on their devices.

Should you receive a random, unsolicited, or suspicious email, please forward to
phish@vanguard.com

What are POP-UP scams?

This scam involves a pop-up box or alert that appears on your computer screen or
on a login screen referencing an urgent message. It is a ploy used by criminals
to make you believe there is an issue with your computer or your account. The
criminals will then pose as a company support team who can fix the issue. During
the scheme, they may request that you grant them remote access to your computer,
go to a website, download software, or request a text code to your phone. They
may call you or ask you to call an 800# or to click on a link within the pop-up
message. Reminder: Vanguard will NEVER request access to your computer or
mobile device.

Examples of fraudulent messages you may receive in any of the above schemes.

* Your account has been locked due to unusual activity. (A fraudulent link will
be present after the urgent message)
* Your account has been suspended or disabled, please call ### to reactivate
your account
* Did you attempt to make a transaction on #date#, Reply Yes or No (A Phone
number not associated with Vanguard may be referenced)
* Please confirm recent transaction, Reply Yes or No (A Phone number not
associated with Vanguard may be referenced)
* We have detected suspicious activity on your account. Please call this number
to speak to a customer service representative.
* To finish setting up your account, please click this link and enter your
personal information.
* Urgent! Your account has been compromised. Please click this link to reset
your password and prevent any further fraud.

Be cautious of any unusual, unsolicited text/email messages that ask for
personal information and/or include a link. The links can take you to deceptive
websites where you are asked to enter your personal and/ or financial
information. Take the time to ask yourself why the sender is asking for your
information.

If you are unsure whether a text message is legitimate, call the company or
organization referenced in the message directly to verify.

MORE ABOUT SECURING YOUR DEVICES

Most device manufacturers release operating system updates regularly and you
need to keep your device current. Check your device's settings to see if you
need to update its operating system.

If you're using a Windows operating system, go to Microsoft's website.

If you're using Apple's operating systems, go to Apple's website.

You should also download security software and keep it current to protect your
computer, as well as your Android™ or Apple® mobile device. You should also
monitor your computer and browser settings.

SET UP PERSONAL FIREWALLS

High-speed internet access is very convenient and "always on." But this
continuous connection exposes your computer to online threats. You should
install and use personal firewall software and keep it updated. Read your
computer's operating manual or search the internet for help installing
firewalls. Also look for included firewalls if you're purchasing home networking
equipment such as a router.

Personal firewall software takes its name from the barriers built into cars and
buildings that separate potentially hazardous environments from protected areas.
Similarly, firewall software protects computers by monitoring the types of
activity or attempted activity between the personal device and a network.
Firewalls can refuse attempted connections that aren't initiated by you or that
the software deems suspicious.

GET ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE AND KEEP IT UP TO DATE

Malicious code such as viruses, worms, and Trojan horses can wreak havoc on your
computer. Bad code can even capture your logon infomation and take control of
your computer.

You need to install and regularly update antivirus software to protect against,
detect, and repair attacks from most viruses.

COMBAT SPYWARE

Even if your computer has a firewall and antivirus software, it still could be
susceptible to spyware. Spyware is software that appears to offer some tangible
benefit, but actually monitors your behavior online. This illegal access is
often used to intercept your usernames and passwords to your online accounts.
You should install antispyware software and configure it to scan your personal
device weekly. You should also:

Verify any software you install on your computer. If you see a Security Warning
window when installing a program that reads "Do you want to install and run
[name of program] issued by [name of company]?" and you don't recognize the
company, select "No" to stop the installation.

Install a popup blocker to prevent spyware popup windows. (Spyware is often
installed after clicking or tapping deceptive links in popup windows.) Note: You
may want to change the settings in your popup blocker program to allow for popup
windows on vanguard.com and other reputable sites you trust.

Log off after accessing your accounts online and close your web browser. Some of
your account information can stay in your browser's memory until the browser is
closed. You should do this on all computers and for all websites you log on to.

Do not open, click or tap links in, or open attachments in any email you think
is suspicious. Vanguard won't send emails with logon links or attachments unless
you're expecting such an email based on a conversation with one of our crew
members.

TIPS FOR MOBILE DEVICES

Use apps carefully. Take care when installing apps on your device by following
these tips:

Download apps securely. Always get your apps from reputable sources like the
Apple App Store® or Google Play™ store to minimize the chance the apps contain
malware.

Research apps before downloading. Review what an app can read and change on your
device before downloading it to make sure that the app's access to your device
is appropriate.

Update apps, especially security-related ones. Speaking of updates, it's usually
safer to disable the "automatic update" feature on apps and your devices and
update your apps manually. This way, you can review each update and determine if
you want to proceed.

Sync your device safely. Syncing your mobile device "in the cloud" allows you to
access files and content on any of your devices anywhere there's an internet
connection. But you need to sync carefully.

Use a reputable service. Make sure that you use a cloud service provider that
offers strong security and encryption services, including an SSL connection, to
keep your information protected.

Sweat the details. Research the security features of cloud computing services on
the internet or contact the vendors' customer service areas to learn what they
do and don't provide.

Protect your password. Periodically change your syncing service password, if the
provider offers that service. And never store your syncing password unencrypted
on your device.

Mobile app verification

As a Vanguard personal investor, you have the option to authenticate using your
mobile app. After you log in with your username and password on the web, we will
prompt you to verify your identity with biometrics on your mobile app, then
approve the login.

To start using your mobile app to verify your identity, you will need:

1. A device with the Vanguard mobile app installed
2. Biometrics capability on your device

3. Enrollment in biometrics login in the mobile app

4. Enrollment in security codes for your Vanguard account

We will never phone you and ask you to authenticate with your mobile device.

If you’re an institutional investor or a financial professional, mobile app
verification may not be part of the login process. Please log in to your account
and review your security options under My Profile, or call us at 888-353-0547.

Do I need push notifications enabled for mobile verification?

No, but you will need to manually open the Vanguard mobile app on your device to
verify the login. For a faster, safer mobile verification experience, we
recommend you enable push notifications.

Can I still use mobile app verification if I do not have the Vanguard app
downloaded on my mobile device? What if my mobile phone doesn’t have biometric
capabilities?

No, but you can still use security codes or security keys as an additional means
to authenticate.

Does the verification attempt expire?

Yes, each verification attempt will expire after a period. You can always
request a new prompt when you’re ready.

MORE TIPS ON PASSWORD AND CREDENTIALS

Your password should not be:

* Written down, stored unencrypted on your computer or mobile device, or shared
with anyone.
* Given out over the phone.
* A common word or close variation.
* Composed of anyone's Social Security number, name, or other personal
information.
* Composed of 3 or more sequential letters, numbers, or keyboard patterns
(e.g., QWERTY).
* A minor tweak of your old password. (For example, if your previous password
was bikerider23, your next password should not be bikerider24.)

MAKE IT SECURE AND MEMORABLE

* Combine 2 or more words or abbreviations with numbers. For example,
cpU34ChiP.
* Remove vowels from a phrase and add numbers. For example, swim twenty laps
becomes swm20LpS.
* Abbreviate a favorite phrase. For example, I ride my bike 50 miles every
Saturday becomes iRmB50meS.
* Use famous people's initials. For example, a list of U.S. presidents
including George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Thomas Jefferson becomes
1Gw2Al3Tj.
* Note: Don't use any of these examples as your password.

TIPS ON SECURITY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

* Be consistent with your wording. If you answer the security question "What is
your favorite hobby?" with "golfing," the system will reject "golf" in the
future.
* Use one-word answers whenever possible. Avoid qualifiers such as "the,"
"and," "Inc.," "co," etc.
* Note the emphasized words in the questions. For example, if your security
question is "What is your current best friend's FIRST NAME?" don't put "John
Smith."
* Be careful with names. For example, if someone goes by James, Jimmy, or Jim,
think about which one you'll use and remember.
* Avoid overly quirky answers. Make sure you'll remember the answer you've
chosen.
* Don't use profanity.

Biometrics

In the Vanguard app, you have the option to log in using your unique biometric
features for an additional layer of security on both iOS and Android devices.
Because your identifying features are stored on your device and are not retained
by Vanguard, this authentication method is safer and more accessible than
traditional methods.

What biometrics options are supported?

Currently, the Vanguard mobile app supports the use of Touch ID and Face ID on
iOS devices and fingerprint verification on Android devices. Make sure you have
these options set up on your device before enrolling in biometrics on the
Vanguard app.

How do I enable biometrics on my device?

Visit your profile on the Vanguard app and select Settings, then toggle the
Biometric login option to On . Your device should then prompt you to enroll.

Can I use biometrics to verify an online login?

Yes, biometrics can be used as part of our mobile app verification process.

YOUR PRIVACY

* YOUR PRIVACY

* STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES

* PERFORMANCE COOKIES

* FUNCTIONAL COOKIES

* TARGETING COOKIES

YOUR PRIVACY

When you visit any website, it may store or retrieve information on your
browser, mostly in the form of cookies. This information might be about you,
your preferences or your device and is mostly used to make the site work as you
expect it to. The information does not usually directly identify you, but it can
give you a more personalized web experience. Because we respect your right to
privacy, you can choose to set some types of cookies to “Off.” However, setting
cookies to “Off” may impact your experience on the site and the services we are
able to offer. Click on the different category headings to find out more and to
change your default settings, where possible. Clearing cookies on your device
will delete your preferences. To learn more, view the Vanguard Privacy Center.

STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES

Always on

These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched
off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you
which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy
preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block
or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.

PERFORMANCE COOKIES

Performance cookies On

These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and
improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the
most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All
information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you
do not allow these cookies, we will not know when you have visited our site and
will not be able to monitor its performance. To manage Performance cookies on
our website, move the toggle to the right to turn them on or move the toggle to
the left to turn them off. Then be sure to click the “Confirm my choices” button
to save your preferences. If you click the “Accept all cookies” button, all
cookie types will be set to “On.”

FUNCTIONAL COOKIES

Functional cookies On

These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalization. They may be set by us or by third-party providers whose
services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies, then
some or all of these services may not function properly. To manage Functional
cookies on our website, move the toggle to the right to turn them on or move the
toggle to the left to turn them off. Then be sure to click the “Confirm my
choices” button to save your preferences. If you click the “Accept all cookies”
button, all cookie types will be set to “On.”

TARGETING COOKIES

Targeting cookies On

These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may
be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you
relevant advertisements on other sites. They do not store directly personal
information but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet
device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted
advertising. To manage Targeting cookies on our website, move the toggle to the
right to turn them on or move the toggle to the left to turn them off. Then be
sure to click the “Confirm my choices” button to save your preferences. If you
click the “Accept all cookies” button, all cookie types will be set to “On.”

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