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1 | 72.10.162.48 72.10.162.48 | 36666 (GTCOMM) (GTCOMM) | |
1 64 | 2606:2800:21f... 2606:2800:21f:3e9e:5a:9b8f:bddb:fb7c | 15133 (EDGECAST) (EDGECAST) | |
1 | 2607:f8b0:400... 2607:f8b0:4006:808::200e | 15169 (GOOGLE) (GOOGLE) | |
3 | 2606:4700::68... 2606:4700::6811:e04e | 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET) | |
83 | 5 |
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tools.usps.com | |
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tools.usps.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 13181 www.usps.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 13030 |
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fonts.net
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googleoptimize.com
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36 KB |
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l-abe.com
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www.l-abe.com
tools.usps.com www.usps.com |
17 | tools.usps.com |
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www.l-abe.com
tools.usps.com |
3 | fast.fonts.net |
www.l-abe.com
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1 | www.googleoptimize.com |
www.l-abe.com
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1 | www.l-abe.com | |
83 | 5 |
This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.
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*.usps.com DigiCert SHA2 Secure Server CA |
2020-05-14 - 2022-05-16 |
2 years | crt.sh |
*.google-analytics.com GTS CA 1C3 |
2022-01-10 - 2022-04-04 |
3 months | crt.sh |
sni.cloudflaressl.com Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3 |
2021-07-06 - 2022-07-05 |
a year | crt.sh |
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USPS.com® - USPS Tracking® ResultsZW sex-determination system From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search ZW sex determination in birds (as exemplified with chickens) Part of a series on Sex Mice X Y chromosomes.jpg Biological terms Sexual dimorphism Sexual differentiation Feminization Virilization Sex-determination system XY X0 ZW Z0 Temperature-dependent Haplodiploidy Heterogametic sex Homogametic sex Sex chromosome X chromosome Y chromosome Testis-determining factor Hermaphrodite Sequential hermaphroditism Intersex Sexual reproduction Evolution of sexual reproduction Anisogamy Isogamy Germ cell Meiosis Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis Oogenesis Gamete spermatozoon ovum Fertilization External fertilization Internal fertilization Sexual selection Plant reproduction Fungal reproduction Sexual reproduction in animals Sexual intercourse Copulation Human reproduction Sexuality Plant sexuality Animal sexuality Human sexuality Mechanics Differentiation Activity Sexual orientation - 4 symbols.svg Sex portal Issoria lathonia.jpg Biology portal vte The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), and some reptiles, including Komodo dragons. The letters Z and W are used to distinguish this system from the XY sex-determination system. In contrast to the XY sex-determination system and the X0 sex-determination system, where the sperm determines the sex, in the ZW system, the ovum determines the sex of the offspring. Males are the homogametic sex (ZZ), while females are the heterogametic sex (ZW). The Z chromosome is larger and has more genes, like the X chromosome in the XY system. Contents 1 Significance of the ZW and XY systems 1.1 In birds 1.2 In snakes 1.3 In moths and butterflies 2 See also 3 References Significance of the ZW and XY systems No genes are shared between the avian ZW and mammalian XY chromosomes,[1] and, from a comparison between chicken and human, the Z chromosome appeared similar to the autosomal chromosome 9 in humans, rather than X or Y, leading researchers to believe that the ZW and XY sex determination systems do not share an origin, but that the sex chromosomes are derived from autosomal chromosomes of the common ancestor. These autosomes are thought to have evolved sex-determining loci that eventually developed into the respective sex chromosomes once the recombination between the chromosomes (X and Y or Z and W) was suppressed.[2] A paper from 2004 compared the chicken Z chromosome with platypus X chromosomes and suggested that the two systems are related.[3] The platypus has a ten-chromosome–based system, where the chromosomes form a multivalent chain in male meiosis, segregating into XXXXX-sperm and YYYYY-sperm, with XY-equivalent chromosomes at one end of this chain and the ZW-equivalent chromosomes at the other end.[3] In birds While there has not been extensive research on other organisms with the ZW sex-determination system, in 2007, researchers announced that chickens' and zebra finches' sex chromosomes do not exhibit any type of chromosome-wide dosage compensation, and instead seem to dosage compensate on a gene-by-gene basis.[4][5] Specific locations on the chicken Z chromosome, such as the MHM region, are thought to exhibit regional dosage compensation, though researchers have argued that this region does not actually constitute local dosage compensation.[6][7] Further research expanded the list of birds that do not exhibit any type of chromosome-wide dosage compensation to crows and ratites, thus implying that all avian chromosomes lack chromosome-wide dosage compensation.[8][9] Both transcriptional and translational gene-specific dosage compensation have been observed in avian sex chromosomes.[10] In addition, the involvement of sex-biased miRNAs was proposed to compensate for the presence of 2 Z-chromosomes in male birds.[11] It is unknown whether it might be that the presence of the W chromosome induces female features, or whether instead it is the duplication of the Z chromosome that induces male ones; unlike mammals, no birds with a double W chromosome (ZWW) or a single Z (Z0) have been discovered. However, it is known that the removal or damage to the ovaries of female birds can lead to the development of male plumage, suggesting that female hormones repress the expression of male characteristics in birds.[citation needed] It appears possible that either condition could cause embryonic death, or that both chromosomes could be responsible for sex selection.[12] One possible gene that could determine sex in birds is the DMRT1 gene. Studies have shown that two copies of the gene are necessary for male sex determination.[10][13] The ZW sex-determination system allows to create sex link chickens which color at hatching is differentiated by sex, thus making chick sexing an easier process. In snakes On November 3, 2010, scientists announced the discovery of a female Boa constrictor that can produce offspring without mating and, through such asexual reproduction, produced 22 female offspring, all with a believed to be WW chromosome genetic makeup. Although this result has been achieved in laboratory settings previously, never before has it been witnessed under natural circumstances. It is not clear as to whether the all-female snake neonates will eventually mate with a male, or reproduce asexually, or do both as does their mother. However, because of their believed to be WW chromosomes, any offspring they produce will be female.[14] In 2016, it was noted that all confirmed parthenogens (ZW) from the Caenophidia family (now known as Colubroidea) have male (ZZ) offspring.[15] However, some non-Colubroidea parthenogens, Python bivittatus and Boa imperator, were found to have female neonates, suggesting that these snakes have an XY sex-determination system.[16] In moths and butterflies In Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), examples of Z0, ZZW, and ZZWW females can be found. This suggests that the W chromosome is essential in female determination in some species (ZZW), but not in others (Z0). See also Sex-determination system Sexual differentiation Haplodiploid sex-determination system XY sex-determination system X0 sex-determination system Temperature-dependent sex determination X chromosome Y chromosome References Stiglec R, Ezaz T, Graves JA (2007). "A new look at the evolution of avian sex chromosomes". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 117 (1–4): 103–9. doi:10.1159/000103170. PMID 17675850. Ellegren, Hans (2011-03-01). "Sex-chromosome evolution: recent progress and the influence of male and female heterogamety". Nature Reviews Genetics. 12 (3): 157–166. doi:10.1038/nrg2948. ISSN 1471-0056. PMID 21301475. Grützner, F.; Rens, W.; Tsend-Ayush, E.; El-Mogharbel, N.; O'Brien, P.C.M.; Jones, R.C.; Ferguson-Smith, M.A.; Marshall, J.A. (2004). "In the platypus a meiotic chain of ten sex chromosomes shares genes with the avian Z and mammalian X chromosomes". Nature. 432 (7019): 913–917. doi:10.1038/nature03021. PMID 15502814. Ellegren, Hans; Hultin-Rosenberg, Lina; Brunström, Björn; Dencker, Lennart; Kultima, Kim; Scholz, Birger (2007-09-20). "Faced with inequality: chicken do not have a general dosage compensation of sex-linked genes". BMC Biology. 5 (1): 40. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-40. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 2099419. PMID 17883843. Itoh, Yuichiro; Melamed, Esther; Yang, Xia; Kampf, Kathy; Wang, Susanna; Yehya, Nadir; Van Nas, Atila; Replogle, Kirstin; Band, Mark R. (2007-01-01). "Dosage compensation is less effective in birds than in mammals". Journal of Biology. 6 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/jbiol53. ISSN 1475-4924. PMC 2373894. PMID 17352797. Mank, J. E.; Ellegren, H. (2009-03-01). "All dosage compensation is local: gene-by-gene regulation of sex-biased expression on the chicken Z chromosome". Heredity. 102 (3): 312–320. doi:10.1038/hdy.2008.116. ISSN 1365-2540. PMID 18985062. Mank, Judith E.; Hosken, David J.; Wedell, Nina (2011-08-01). "Some Inconvenient Truths About Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation and the Potential Role of Sexual Conflict". Evolution. 65 (8): 2133–2144. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01316.x. ISSN 1558-5646. PMID 21790564. Wolf, Jochen BW; Bryk, Jarosław (2011-02-01). "General lack of global dosage compensation in ZZ/ZW systems? Broadening the perspective with RNA-seq". BMC Genomics. 12 (1): 91. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-91. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 3040151. PMID 21284834. Adolfsson, Sofia; Ellegren, Hans (2013-04-01). "Lack of Dosage Compensation Accompanies the Arrested Stage of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Ostriches". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 30 (4): 806–810. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst009. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 3603317. PMID 23329687. Uebbing, Severin; Konzer, Anne; Xu, Luohao; Backström, Niclas; Brunström, Björn; Bergquist, Jonas; Ellegren, Hans (2015-06-24). "Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals Partial Translational Regulation for Dosage Compensation in Chicken". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32: msv147. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv147. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 4576709. PMID 26108680. Warnefors, Maria; Mössinger, Katharina; Halbert, Jean; Studer, Tania; VandeBerg, John L.; Lindgren, Isa; Fallahshahroudi, Amir; Jensen, Per; Kaessmann, Henrik (October 27, 2017). "Sex-biased microRNA expression in mammals and birds reveals underlying regulatory mechanisms and a role in dosage compensation". Genome Research. 27: 1961–1973. doi:10.1101/gr.225391.117. PMID 29079676. Smith CA, Roeszler KN, Hudson QJ, Sinclair AH (2007). "Avian sex determination: what, when and where?". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 117 (1–4): 165–73. doi:10.1159/000103177. PMID 17675857. Naurin, Sara; Hansson, Bengt; Bensch, Staffan; Hasselquist, Dennis (2010-01-01). "Why does dosage compensation differ between XY and ZW taxa?". Trends in Genetics. 26 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2009.11.006. ISSN 0168-9525. PMID 19963300. "Boa constrictor produces fatherless babies". CBC News. November 3, 2010. Booth, Warren; Schuett, Gordon W. (2015-12-24). "The emerging phylogenetic pattern of parthenogenesis in snakes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 118 (2): 172–186. doi:10.1111/bij.12744. ISSN 0024-4066. Gamble, Tony; Castoe, Todd A.; Nielsen, Stuart V.; Banks, Jaison L.; Card, Daren C.; Schield, Drew R.; Schuett, Gordon W.; Booth, Warren (2017-07-24). "The Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in a Boa and Python". Current Biology. 27 (14): 2148–2153.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.010. ISSN 1879-0445. PMID 28690112. vte Sex determination and differentiation Overview Sexual differentiation humans Development of the reproductive system gonads Mesonephric duct Paramesonephric duct Genetic basis Sex-determination system XY X0 ZW Temperature-dependent Haplodiploidy Sex chromosome X chromosome Y chromosome Testis-determining factor See also Hermaphrodite Intersex Disorders of sex development Sex reversal vte Development of the reproductive system vte Sex Categories: Sex-determination systemsInsect geneticsLepidopterology Polyploidy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with "polypoid", resembling a polyp. This image shows haploid (single), diploid (double), triploid (triple), and tetraploid (quadruple) sets of chromosomes. Triploid and tetraploid chromosomes are examples of polyploidy. Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues.[1] This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, prokaryotes, may be polyploid, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni.[2] Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis. Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning "not", "good", and "fold"). Aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.[3] Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis. In addition, it can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content. Polyploidy occurs in highly differentiated human tissues in the liver, heart muscle, bone marrow and the placenta.[4] It occurs in the somatic cells of some animals, such as goldfish,[5] salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids. Polyploidization is a mechanism of sympatric speciation because polyploids are usually unable to interbreed with their diploid ancestors. An example is the plant Erythranthe peregrina. Sequencing confirmed that this species originated from E. x robertsii, a sterile triploid hybrid between E. guttata and E. lutea, both of which have been introduced and naturalised in the United Kingdom. New populations of E. peregrina arose on the Scottish mainland and the Orkney Islands via genome duplication from local populations of E. x robertsii.[6] Because of a rare genetic mutation, E. peregrina is not sterile.[7] Contents 1 Types 2 Animals 2.1 Humans 3 Plants 3.1 Crops 3.1.1 Examples 4 Fungi 5 Chromalveolata 6 Terminology 6.1 Autopolyploidy 6.2 Allopolyploidy 6.3 Paleopolyploidy 6.4 Karyotype 6.5 Homoeologous chromosomes 7 Bacteria 8 Archaea 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Types Organ-specific patterns of endopolyploidy (from 2x to 64x) in the giant ant Dinoponera australis Polyploid types are labeled according to the number of chromosome sets in the nucleus. The letter x is used to represent the number of chromosomes in a single set. triploid (three sets; 3x), for example seedless watermelons, common in the phylum Tardigrada[8] tetraploid (four sets; 4x), for example Salmonidae fish,[9] the cotton Gossypium hirsutum [10] pentaploid (five sets; 5x), for example Kenai Birch (Betula papyrifera var. kenaica) hexaploid (six sets; 6x), for example wheat, kiwifruit[11] heptaploid or septaploid (seven sets; 7x) octaploid or octoploid, (eight sets; 8x), for example Acipenser (genus of sturgeon fish), dahlias decaploid (ten sets; 10x), for example certain strawberries dodecaploid (twelve sets; 12x), for example the plants Celosia argentea and Spartina anglica[12] or the amphibian Xenopus ruwenzoriensis. Animals Examples in animals are more common in non-vertebrates[13] such as flatworms, leeches, and brine shrimp. Within vertebrates, examples of stable polyploidy include the salmonids and many cyprinids (i.e. carp).[14] Some fish have as many as 400 chromosomes.[14] Polyploidy also occurs commonly in amphibians; for example the biomedically-important genus Xenopus contains many different species with as many as 12 sets of chromosomes (dodecaploid).[15] Polyploid lizards are also quite common, but are sterile and must reproduce by parthenogenesis.[citation needed] Polyploid mole salamanders (mostly triploids) are all female and reproduce by kleptogenesis,[16] "stealing" spermatophores from diploid males of related species to trigger egg development but not incorporating the males' DNA into the offspring. While mammalian liver cells are polyploid, rare instances of polyploid mammals are known, but most often result in prenatal death. An octodontid rodent of Argentina's harsh desert regions, known as the plains viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae) has been reported as an exception to this 'rule'.[17] However, careful analysis using chromosome paints shows that there are only two copies of each chromosome in T. barrerae, not the four expected if it were truly a tetraploid.[18] This rodent is not a rat, but kin to guinea pigs and chinchillas. Its "new" diploid [2n] number is 102 and so its cells are roughly twice normal size. Its closest living relation is Octomys mimax, the Andean Viscacha-Rat of the same family, whose 2n = 56. It was therefore surmised that an Octomys-like ancestor produced tetraploid (i.e., 2n = 4x = 112) offspring that were, by virtue of their doubled chromosomes, reproductively isolated from their parents. Polyploidy was induced in fish by Har Swarup (1956) using a cold-shock treatment of the eggs close to the time of fertilization, which produced triploid embryos that successfully matured.[19][20] Cold or heat shock has also been shown to result in unreduced amphibian gametes, though this occurs more commonly in eggs than in sperm.[21] John Gurdon (1958) transplanted intact nuclei from somatic cells to produce diploid eggs in the frog, Xenopus (an extension of the work of Briggs and King in 1952) that were able to develop to the tadpole stage.[22] The British Scientist, J. B. S. Haldane hailed the work for its potential medical applications and, in describing the results, became one of the first to use the word “clone” in reference to animals. Later work by Shinya Yamanaka showed how mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, extending the possibilities to non-stem cells. Gurdon and Yamanaka were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in 2012 for this work.[22] Humans Further information: Triploid syndrome True polyploidy rarely occurs in humans, although polyploid cells occur in highly differentiated tissue, such as liver parenchyma, heart muscle, placenta and in bone marrow.[4][23] Aneuploidy is more common. Polyploidy occurs in humans in the form of triploidy, with 69 chromosomes (sometimes called 69,XXX), and tetraploidy with 92 chromosomes (sometimes called 92,XXXX). Triploidy, usually due to polyspermy, occurs in about 2–3% of all human pregnancies and ~15% of miscarriages.[citation needed] The vast majority of triploid conceptions end as a miscarriage; those that do survive to term typically die shortly after birth. In some cases, survival past birth may be extended if there is mixoploidy with both a diploid and a triploid cell population present. There has been one report of a child surviving to the age of seven months with complete triploidy syndrome. He failed to exhibit normal mental or physical neonatal development, and died from a Pneumocystis carinii infection, which indicates a weak immune system.[24] Triploidy may be the result of either digyny (the extra haploid set is from the mother) or diandry (the extra haploid set is from the father). Diandry is mostly caused by reduplication of the paternal haploid set from a single sperm, but may also be the consequence of dispermic (two sperm) fertilization of the egg.[25] Digyny is most commonly caused by either failure of one meiotic division during oogenesis leading to a diploid oocyte or failure to extrude one polar body from the oocyte. Diandry appears to predominate among early miscarriages, while digyny predominates among triploid zygotes that survive into the fetal period.[citation needed] However, among early miscarriages, digyny is also more common in those cases <8.5 weeks gestational age or those in which an embryo is present. There are also two distinct phenotypes in triploid placentas and fetuses that are dependent on the origin of the extra haploid set. In digyny, there is typically an asymmetric poorly grown fetus, with marked adrenal hypoplasia and a very small placenta.[citation needed] In diandry, a partial hydatidiform mole develops.[25] These parent-of-origin effects reflect the effects of genomic imprinting.[citation needed] Complete tetraploidy is more rarely diagnosed than triploidy, but is observed in 1–2% of early miscarriages. However, some tetraploid cells are commonly found in chromosome analysis at prenatal diagnosis and these are generally considered 'harmless'. It is not clear whether these tetraploid cells simply tend to arise during in vitro cell culture or whether they are also present in placental cells in vivo. There are, at any rate, very few clinical reports of fetuses/infants diagnosed with tetraploidy mosaicism. Mixoploidy is quite commonly observed in human preimplantation embryos and includes haploid/diploid as well as diploid/tetraploid mixed cell populations. It is unknown whether these embryos fail to implant and are therefore rarely detected in ongoing pregnancies or if there is simply a selective process favoring the diploid cells. Plants Speciation via polyploidy: A diploid cell undergoes failed meiosis, producing diploid gametes, which self-fertilize to produce a tetraploid zygote. Polyploidy is pervasive in plants and some estimates suggest that 30–80% of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy (paleopolyploidy) in their genomes.[26][27][28] Huge explosions in angiosperm species diversity appear to have coincided with the timing of ancient genome duplications shared by many species.[29] It has been established that 15% of angiosperm and 31% of fern speciation events are accompanied by ploidy increase.[30] Polyploid plants can arise spontaneously in nature by several mechanisms, including meiotic or mitotic failures, and fusion of unreduced (2n) gametes.[31] Both autopolyploids (e.g. potato [32]) and allopolyploids (e.g. canola, wheat, cotton) can be found among both wild and domesticated plant species. Most polyploids display novel variation or morphologies relative to their parental species, that may contribute to the processes of speciation and eco-niche exploitation.[27][31] The mechanisms leading to novel variation in newly formed allopolyploids may include gene dosage effects (resulting from more numerous copies of genome content), the reunion of divergent gene regulatory hierarchies, chromosomal rearrangements, and epigenetic remodeling, all of which affect gene content and/or expression levels.[33][34][35][36] Many of these rapid changes may contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation. However seed generated from interploidy crosses, such as between polyploids and their parent species, usually suffer from aberrant endosperm development which impairs their viability,[37][38] thus contributing to polyploid speciation. Lomatia tasmanica is an extremely rare Tasmanian shrub that is triploid and sterile; reproduction is entirely vegetative, with all plants having the same genetic constitution. There are few naturally occurring polyploid conifers. One example is the Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens, which is a hexaploid (6x) with 66 chromosomes (2n = 6x = 66), although the origin is unclear.[39] Aquatic plants, especially the Monocotyledons, include a large number of polyploids.[40] Crops The induction of polyploidy is a common technique to overcome the sterility of a hybrid species during plant breeding. For example, Triticale is the hybrid of wheat (Triticum turgidum) and rye (Secale cereale). It combines sought-after characteristics of the parents, but the initial hybrids are sterile. After polyploidization, the hybrid becomes fertile and can thus be further propagated to become triticale. In some situations, polyploid crops are preferred because they are sterile. For example, many seedless fruit varieties are seedless as a result of polyploidy. Such crops are propagated using asexual techniques, such as grafting. Polyploidy in crop plants is most commonly induced by treating seeds with the chemical colchicine. Examples Triploid crops: some apple varieties (e.g. Belle de Boskoop, Jonagold, Mutsu, Ribston Pippin), banana, citrus, ginger, watermelon[41] Tetraploid crops: very few apple varieties, durum or macaroni wheat, cotton, potato, canola/rapeseed, leek, tobacco, peanut, kinnow, Pelargonium Hexaploid crops: chrysanthemum, bread wheat, triticale, oat, kiwifruit[11] Octaploid crops: strawberry, dahlia, pansies, sugar cane, oca (Oxalis tuberosa)[42] Dodecaploid crops: some sugar cane hybrids [43] Some crops are found in a variety of ploidies: tulips and lilies are commonly found as both diploid and triploid; daylilies (Hemerocallis cultivars) are available as either diploid or tetraploid; apples and kinnow mandarins can be diploid, triploid, or tetraploid. Fungi Schematic phylogeny of the fungi. Red circles indicate polyploidy, blue squares indicate hybridization. From Albertin and Marullo, 2012[44] Besides plants and animals, the evolutionary history of various fungal species is dotted by past and recent whole-genome duplication events (see Albertin and Marullo 2012[44] for review). Several examples of polyploids are known: autopolyploid: the aquatic fungi of genus Allomyces,[45] some Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used in bakery,[46] etc. allopolyploid: the widespread Cyathus stercoreus,[47] the allotetraploid lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus,[48] the allotriploid wine spoilage yeast Dekkera bruxellensis,[49] etc. paleopolyploid: the human pathogen Rhizopus oryzae,[50] the genus Saccharomyces,[51] etc. In addition, polyploidy is frequently associated with hybridization and reticulate evolution that appear to be highly prevalent in several fungal taxa. Indeed, homoploid speciation (i.e., hybrid speciation without a change in chromosome number) has been evidenced for some fungal species (e.g., the basidiomycota Microbotryum violaceum [52]). Schematic phylogeny of the Chromalveolata. Red circles indicate polyploidy, blue squares indicate hybridization. From Albertin and Marullo, 2012[44] As for plants and animals, fungal hybrids and polyploids display structural and functional modifications compared to their progenitors and diploid counterparts. In particular, the structural and functional outcomes of polyploid Saccharomyces genomes strikingly reflect the evolutionary fate of plant polyploid ones. Large chromosomal rearrangements[53] leading to chimeric chromosomes[54] have been described, as well as more punctual genetic modifications such as gene loss.[55] The homoealleles of the allotetraploid yeast S. pastorianus show unequal contribution to the transcriptome.[56] Phenotypic diverDetected technologies
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Title: Free Boxes
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Title: Click-N-Ship
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Mail & Ship
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Stamps & Supplies
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Sending Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Sending Packages
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Insurance & Extra Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Shipping Restrictions
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Online Shipping
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Label Broker
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Custom Mail, Cards, & Envelopes
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Mail & Shipping Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Priority Mail Express
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Priority Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: First-Class Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Military & Diplomatic Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Money Orders
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Print and ship from home. Start Click-N-Ship.Print and ship from home. Start Click-N-Ship.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Track & Manage
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Intercept a Package
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Schedule a Redelivery
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Change of Address
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Forwarding Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Redirecting a Package
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Mailbox Guidelines
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Mail for the Deceased
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Postal Store
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Cards & Envelopes
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Personalized Stamped Envelopes
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Collectors
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Gifts
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Business Supplies
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Returns & Exchanges
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Shop Forever Stamps. Shop now.Shop Forever Stamps. Shop now.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Business
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Calculate a Business Price
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Every Door Direct Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Grow your business with Every Door Direct Mail. Try EDDM now.Grow your business with Every Door Direct Mail. Try EDDM now.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Shipping for Business
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Shipping Consolidators
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Advertising with Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Using EDDM
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Mailing & Printing Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Customized Direct Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Political Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Promotions & Incentives
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Informed Delivery Marketing
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Product Samples
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Postage Options
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Verifying Postage
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Returns Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: International Business Shipping
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Managing Business Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Web Tools (APIs)
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Prices
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Calculate International Prices
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Use our online scheduler to make a passport appointment. Schedule Today.Use our online scheduler to make a passport appointment. Schedule Today.
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Printing & Shipping International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: International Mail Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Global Express Guaranteed
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Priority Mail Express International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Priority Mail International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: First-Class Mail International
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: International Insurance & Extra Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Sending International Shipments
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Shipping Restrictions
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Completing Customs Forms
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Military & Diplomatic Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Sending Money Abroad
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Passports
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Help
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Finding Missing Mail
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Filing a Claim
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Requesting a Refund
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: PO BOXES
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: PASSPORTS
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: FREE BOXES
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Contact Us
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Site Index
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: About USPS Home
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Newsroom
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: USPS Service Updates
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Forms & Publications
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Government Services
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Careers
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Business Customer Gateway
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Postal Inspectors
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Inspector General
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Postal Explorer
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: National Postal Museum
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Privacy Policy
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: Terms of Use
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: FOIA
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Title: No FEAR Act EEO Data
Search URL Search Domain Scan URL
Redirected requests
There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:
Request Chain 15- https://tools.usps.com/go/styles/qt.css HTTP 302
- https://www.usps.com/root/global/server_responses/error_404.htm
83 HTTP transactions
Method Protocol |
Resource Path |
Size x-fer |
Type MIME-Type |
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GET H/1.1 |
Primary Request
index4.php
www.l-abe.com/--/9f5a3c9ae105174a60ef6dd23c168c8d/ |
72 KB 73 KB |
Document
text/html |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
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GET H2 |
jquery.min.js
tools.usps.com/go/scripts/libs/ |
83 KB 29 KB |
Script
application/x-javascript |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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GET H2 |
metrics-all.js
tools.usps.com/go/js/modules/usps/metrics/ |
11 KB 3 KB |
Script
application/x-javascript |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
optimize.js
www.googleoptimize.com/ |
91 KB 36 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
footer.css
tools.usps.com/go/css/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
bootstrap.min.css
tools.usps.com/go/css/libs/ |
118 KB 19 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
calendar.css
tools.usps.com/go/css/redelivery-reskin/ |
14 KB 3 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
datepicker3.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/libs/ |
21 KB 2 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
main.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/ |
78 KB 13 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
tracking-cross-sell.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
jquery-ui.min.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/redelivery-reskin/ |
31 KB 8 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
schedule-redelivery.css
tools.usps.com//go/css/redelivery-reskin/ |
23 KB 5 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
trackingCode.js
fast.fonts.net/t/ |
650 B 1 KB |
Script
text/plain |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
require-jquery.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/ |
74 B 187 B |
Script
application/javascript |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
helpers.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/ |
695 B 568 B |
Script
application/javascript |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
search-fe.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/script/ |
2 KB 1018 B |
Script
application/javascript |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
error_404.htm
www.usps.com/root/global/server_responses/ Redirect Chain
|
0 0 |
Stylesheet
text/html |
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General
Request headers
Response headersRedirect headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
jquery.min.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/jquery/dist/ |
94 KB 33 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
resize-manager.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/lib/script/ |
1 KB 574 B |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
megamenu-v2.css
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/css/ |
44 KB 7 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
logo-sb.svg
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
3 KB 2 KB |
Image
image/svg+xml |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
hamburger.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
546 B 400 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
logo_mobile.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 1015 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
search.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 1 KB |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
tracking.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 951 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
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General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
mailman.svg
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
2 KB 1011 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
location.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
stamps.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 635 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
schedule_pickup.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 1007 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
calculate_price.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 879 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
find_zip.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 862 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
holdmail.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 853 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
change_address.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 1005 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
po_box.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
2 KB 957 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
free_boxes.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 727 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
featured_clicknship.svg
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 600 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
go-now.png
www.usps.com/ship/ |
20 KB 20 KB |
Image
image/png |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
go-now.png
www.usps.com/manage/ |
8 KB 8 KB |
Image
image/png |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
go-now.png
www.usps.com/store/ |
31 KB 32 KB |
Image
image/png |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
go-now.png
www.usps.com/business/ |
20 KB 20 KB |
Image
image/png |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
go-now.png
www.usps.com/international/ |
22 KB 22 KB |
Image
image/png |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
jquery-3.2.1.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/footer/script/ |
85 KB 30 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
modernizr.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/lib/script/modernizr/ |
11 KB 5 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
megamenu.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/header/script/ |
14 KB 3 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
OneLinkUsps.js
www.usps.com/ContentTemplates/common/scripts/ |
4 KB 1 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
ge-login.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/header/script/ |
9 KB 3 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
require.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/lib/script/requirejs/ |
17 KB 6 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
header-init-search.js
www.usps.com//global-elements/header/script/ |
904 B 441 B |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
megamenu-additions.js
www.usps.com/assets/script/home/ |
1 KB 637 B |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
main-sb.css
www.usps.com//global-elements/footer/css/ |
9 KB 3 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
footer-sb.css
www.usps.com//global-elements/footer/css/ |
3 KB 1 KB |
Stylesheet
text/css |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
1.css
fast.fonts.net/t/ |
0 436 B |
Stylesheet
text/css |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
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GET H/1.1 |
1.css
fast.fonts.net/t/ |
0 819 B |
Stylesheet
text/css |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
utility_languages.png
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 1 KB |
Image
image/png |
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General
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|
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GET H2 |
utility_customer_service.png
www.usps.com/assets/images/home/ |
1 KB 1 KB |
Image
image/png |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
mailman.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
2 KB 969 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
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|
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GET H2 |
package-intercept.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/ |
2 KB 937 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
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General
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Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
schedule-redelivery.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/ |
4 KB 2 KB |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
shipping-supplies.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
2 KB 1 KB |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
cards-and-envelopes.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
2 KB 1 KB |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
icon-personalize-stamped-envelopes.svg
tools.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/ |
7 KB 2 KB |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
collectors.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
1 KB 669 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
gifts.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
1006 B 697 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
business.svg
www.usps.com/test/nav/images/ |
1 KB 781 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
search.svg
www.usps.com/global-elements/header/images/utility-header/ |
1 KB 914 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
4a9c62ab-b359-4081-8383-a0d1cdebd111.woff
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
d5af76d8-a90b-4527-b3a3-182207cc3250.woff
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
nav-red-chevron.svg
tools.usps.com//go/images/ |
613 B 513 B |
Image
image/svg+xml |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
footer-logo.png
www.usps.com/global-elements/footer/images/ |
5 KB 5 KB |
Image
image/png |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
3b303641-706e-4221-94c4-4fb491f4f8ef.woff2
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
b0868b4c-234e-47d3-bc59-41ab9de3c0db.woff2
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
5b4a262e-3342-44e2-8ad7-719998a68134.woff
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
462d508d-efc7-478f-b84e-288eeb69a160.woff2
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
db5f9ba6-05a4-433a-9461-0a6f257a0c3a.ttf
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
14ff6081-326d-4dae-b778-d7afa66166fc.woff
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
4a3ef5d8-cfd9-4b96-bd67-90215512f1e5.ttf
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
bcf54343-d033-41ee-bbd7-2b77df3fe7ba.woff
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
2c056da8-4920-4e20-8c69-8a6b315458a9.woff
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
1d238354-d156-4dde-89ea-4770ef04b9f9.ttf
www.usps.com/assets/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET H2 |
jquery-3.5.1.js
www.usps.com/global-elements/footer/script/ |
87 KB 30 KB |
Script
application/javascript |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General
Request headers
Response headers
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
2381d918-136d-444f-8391-db0cba6da388.ttf
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
8fda1e47-19be-46c7-8d83-8d4fb35572f0.ttf
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET |
b0ffdcf0-26da-47fd-8485-20e4a40d4b7d.ttf
tools.usps.com//go/fonts/ |
0 0 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Failed requests
These URLs were requested, but there was no response received. You will also see them in the list above.
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/4a9c62ab-b359-4081-8383-a0d1cdebd111.woff
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/d5af76d8-a90b-4527-b3a3-182207cc3250.woff
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/3b303641-706e-4221-94c4-4fb491f4f8ef.woff2
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/b0868b4c-234e-47d3-bc59-41ab9de3c0db.woff2
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/5b4a262e-3342-44e2-8ad7-719998a68134.woff
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/462d508d-efc7-478f-b84e-288eeb69a160.woff2
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/db5f9ba6-05a4-433a-9461-0a6f257a0c3a.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/14ff6081-326d-4dae-b778-d7afa66166fc.woff
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/4a3ef5d8-cfd9-4b96-bd67-90215512f1e5.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/bcf54343-d033-41ee-bbd7-2b77df3fe7ba.woff
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/2c056da8-4920-4e20-8c69-8a6b315458a9.woff
- Domain
- www.usps.com
- URL
- https://www.usps.com/assets/fonts/1d238354-d156-4dde-89ea-4770ef04b9f9.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/2381d918-136d-444f-8391-db0cba6da388.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/8fda1e47-19be-46c7-8d83-8d4fb35572f0.ttf
- Domain
- tools.usps.com
- URL
- https://tools.usps.com//go/fonts/b0ffdcf0-26da-47fd-8485-20e4a40d4b7d.ttf
Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment
Potentially malicious activity detected
Disclaimer: These verdicts should be used to detect potentially malicious websites, not as a final verdict!
urlscan
Phishing against: USPS (Transportation)66 JavaScript Global Variables
These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.
function| $ function| jQuery function| DesktopMetricsCore function| GTMCore function| handleEvent object| google_tag_manager object| dataLayer object| google_optimize string| appID string| urlOverride undefined| projectId object| mtiTracking object| html5 object| Modernizr object| USPS function| global_elements_jq function| kDebug function| OneLink boolean| isUserLoggedIn undefined| first undefined| profileLang string| regHost string| toolsHost string| storeHost string| catStore string| pfslHost boolean| lowEnv string| currentPage string| currentPageIn string| hostname function| cleanURL function| prepURL function| createMyCookie function| readMyCookie function| eraseMyCookie string| nameCookieName string| prefsCookieName object| nameCookie object| prefsCookie function| updateLangCookie undefined| user undefined| el string| loginAnchor_Onclick string| loginSignin_Onclick string| loginForgot_Onclick string| loginSignup_Onclick string| loginProfile_Onclick string| loginSignout_Onclick string| nonLoggedInUser string| loggedInUser string| mloggedInUser undefined| tempArray undefined| prefValues undefined| c undefined| obj undefined| maxLength undefined| diff string| mobilesign string| search_client_hostname object| USPSRequireNS object| USPSGlobals object| options object| o object| pathArray string| navBucket string| a2 Cookies
Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.
Domain/Path | Expires | Name / Value |
---|---|---|
www.l-abe.com/ | Name: PHPSESSID Value: on29niusvp0dsen64mva3i0e10 |
|
.fonts.net/ | Name: __cf_bm Value: K72ptBoLRCCzVktT1zjeMd9Gb.tnnQ5asXu0sRPMogA-1644149287-0-AVaDmXV4nuEmLJWy3Yp0+FbHM3sVXgBzyhbl7pUPq0IYGyFgs2wteZTQw6MLVya8bp+63PWbVGACdjoCxqBQ5Zg= |
30 Console Messages
A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.
Source | Level | URL Text |
---|
Indicators
This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.
fast.fonts.net
tools.usps.com
www.googleoptimize.com
www.l-abe.com
www.usps.com
tools.usps.com
www.usps.com
2606:2800:21f:3e9e:5a:9b8f:bddb:fb7c
2606:4700::6811:e04e
2607:f8b0:4006:808::200e
72.10.162.48
024490f58668d68ed103ea52e459b3cdefb1f08a8d1818312968184dc9ba65f9
0863d2c590d46ad4b990232414eef23349ee4316ac4ccbf6f4618329539fb65a
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0b68e5b64999ab2e6d137a1886410cc9e8bed0b3863aacd838a3eb008f2bb516
0c49eb2734535aca911b921f734594a8bc288ffd69ac85beef19da552a105dde
0d4cf0a926fd74c26084c2f874b922591aea9fb6904acc9c92826d9ae94e29cc
18961a60d0e8347696fb7f0b322232eef10638dcb029f9d3961f9db7e0a787cc
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1cc43a97be92fddf0fe4244858f5337c80a8d350cd0afcd0c4d2004d3fded0ab
23edd9ac5dba678e1e5f97f2397a69d295e257c4a56e462c686557246081ffa2
2a5e1fdc8e264327be71c3063cc6bf1dd8a618576310a5d26dc31ba8d6f83616
2d45f10e1a6925e9500a4fb6e0223ce4ddfb492a914472ca8229fa01e3f94afa
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2ff8048ab175abf501e134d00a973ca31a7b0de09c2777eab0a2c9dc07ca0289
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5acd8d5a37eebb8f4a3e73d46ee6ad381ee284792f90138d667e9d87978f6e67
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779ab662607b48249e86f3c27e9eafff4bbc808b48899a439d5cd9b2c78f99e6
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b2728704f99e68b8edfa2b8efcb1f40e77d3abd5f6f04388c9a09232b1711043
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da2e0f69eb8ea4aa9ffe45c2ad6d330eb7922e0e14f8aaca4e577be0fb8b4bea
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fd1e9eadb5698c1bc534ef8a75303b3b67f5e1ab7d1b217b27b09da42aa5036a