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Free Submitted: 09 January 2022 Accepted: 10 January 2022 Published Online: 07
February 2022
 * METASTRUCTURES: FROM PHYSICS TO APPLICATION
 * 


Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 060401 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0084696
Filippo Capolino1,a), Mercedeh Khajavikhan2, and Andrea Alù3,4
more...View Affiliations
 * 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of
   California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
 * 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern
   California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
 * 3Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York
   10031, USA
 * 4Department of Electrical Engineering, City College, City University of New
   York, New York, New York 10031, USA
 * a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: f.capolino@uci.edu

   Note: This Paper is part of the APL Special Collection on Metastructures:
   From Physics to Applications.

View Contributors
 * Filippo Capolino
 * Mercedeh Khajavikhan
 * Andrea Alù




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 * Topics
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     * Metastructures: From Physics to Application
   * Topics
     * Acoustics
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     * Metamaterials

The exotic wave phenomena in metastructures and their wide applications are one
of the most researched subjects in electromagnetic waves and photonics, from
radio frequencies to optics, and extend into several other disciplines, such as
acoustics, mechanics, thermodynamics, materials science, condensed matter, etc.
One of the most exciting opportunities for wave engineering using metastructures
consists in the manipulation of wave–matter interactions involving nonlinear
optics, semiconductor physics, 2D materials, soft matter, quantum matter, etc.
What we have learned from the physics of metastructures, since the start of
research in metamaterials and metasurfaces,1–51. D. Sievenpiper, L. Zhang, R. F.
J. Broas, N. G. Alexopolous, and E. Yablonovitch, “ High-impedance
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conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.
47(11), 2075–2084 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/22.7980023. J. B. Pendry, “
Negative refraction makes a perfect lens,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.39664. D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C.
Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.41845. N. Engheta and R. W. Ziolkowski,
Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations ( IEEE Press, 2006). has
been stimulating a much broader set of topics than originally thought; the
excellent papers published within this Special Topic in Applied Physics Letters
are a testament of that.6–526. K. Agata, S. Murai, and K. Tanaka, “
Stick-and-play metasurfaces for directional light outcoupling,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 118, 021110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.00341157. Z. Lin, C.
Roques-Carmes, R. E. Christiansen, M. Soljacic, and S. G. Johnson, “
Computational inverse design for ultra-compact single-piece metalenses free of
chromatic and angular aberration,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 041104 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.00354198. P. Ang, G. Xu, and G. Eleftheriades, “
Invisibility cloaking with passive and active Huygens' metasurfaces,” Appl.
Phys. Lett. 118, 071903 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.00419969. H. Bilge
Yağci and H. V. Demir, “ ‘Meta-atomless’ architecture based on an irregular
continuous fabric of coupling-tuned identical nanopillars enables highly
efficient and achromatic metasurfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 081105 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004036510. Q. Chen, F. Giusti, G. Valerio, F. Mesa,
and O. Quevedo-Teruel, “ Anisotropic glide-symmetric substrate-integrated-holey
metasurface for a compressed ultrawideband Luneburg lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 084102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004158611. N. K. Paul and J.
Sebastián Gomez Diaz, “ Broadband and unidirectional plasmonic hyperlensing in
drift-biased graphene,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 091107 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004258012. W. T. Chen and F. Capasso, “ Will flat
optics appear in everyday life anytime soon?,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 100503
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.003988513. H. Zhang, Q. Cheng, H. Chu, O.
Christogeorgos, W. Wu, and Y. Hao, “ Hyperuniform disordered distribution
metasurface for scattering reduction,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 101601 (2021).
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Kuhl, O. Legrand, P. Besnier, and M. Davy, “ Diffuse field cross-correlation in
a programmable-metasurface-stirred reverberation chamber,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 104101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.003959615. O. Rabinovich and A.
Epstein, “ Nonradiative subdiffraction near-field patterns using metagratings,”
Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 131105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004348416. S. A.
Kuznetsov, V. Lenets, M. Tumashov, A. Sayanskiy, P. A. Lazorskiy, P. Belov, J.
D. Baena, and S. Glybovski, “ Self-complementary metasurfaces for designing
terahertz deflecting circular-polarization beam splitters,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 131601 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004240317. J. B. Gros, G. Lerosey,
F. Mortessagne, U. Kuhl, and O. Legrand, “ Uncorrelated configurations and field
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Yu, H. Chen, S. Tracy, and G. Huang, “ A broadband acoustic panel based on
double-layer membrane-type metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 184101 (2021).
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crystalline gallium phosphide on sapphire for nonlinear all-dielectric
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systems,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 101102 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004091135. Z.-M. Gu, X. Fang, T. Liu, H. Gao, S.
Liang, Y. Li, B. Liang, J.-C. Cheng, and J. Zhu, “ Tunable asymmetric acoustic
transmission via binary metasurface and zero-index metamaterials,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 118, 113501 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004675636. Y. Mi, W. Zhai,
L. Cheng, C. Xi, and X. Yu, “ Wave trapping by acoustic black hole: Simultaneous
reduction of sound reflection and transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 114101
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004251437. R. Zaccherini, A. Palermo, A.
Marzani, A. Colombi, V. Dertimanis, and E. Chatzi, “ Mitigation of Rayleigh-like
waves in granular media via multi-layer resonant metabarriers,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 117, 254103 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.003111338. J. K. Asane, M.
Golam Rabbani Chowdhury, K. M. Khabir, V. A. Podolskiy, and M. A. Noginov, “
Stimulated emission in vicinity of the critical angle,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 119,
031102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.005190139. U. Meriç Gür, M. Mattes, S.
Arslanagić, and N. Gregersen, “ Elliptical micropillar cavity design for highly
efficient polarized emission of single photons,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 061101
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004156540. P. Tonkaev, S. Anoshkin, A. P.
Pushkarev, R. Malureanu, M. Masharin, P. Belov, A. V. Lavrinenko, and S.
Makarov, “ Acceleration of radiative recombination in quasi-2D perovskite films
on hyperbolic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 091104 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004255741. B. A. Webb and R. W. Ziolkowski, “
Metamaterial-inspired multilayered structures optimized to enable wireless
communications through a plasmasonic region,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 094102
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004119642. I. Liberal and R. W. Ziolkowski, “
Nonperturbative decay dynamics in metamaterial waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 111103 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004410343. M. Jeannin, T. Bonazzi,
D. Gacemi, A. Vasanelli, S. Suffit, L. Li, A. G. Davies, E. H. Linfield, C.
Sirtori, and Y. Todorov, “ High temperature metamaterial terahertz quantum
detector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 251102 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.003336744. L. Yu, H. Xue, and B. Zhang, “ Topological
slow light via coupling chiral edge modes with flat bands,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 071102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.003983945. M. Proctor, M. Blanco
De Paz, D. Bercioux, A. Garcia-Etxarri, and P. Arroyo Huidobro, “ Higher-order
topology in plasmonic Kagome lattices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 091105 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004095546. S. Kandil and D. F. Sievenpiper, “ C-shaped
chiral waveguide for spin-dependent unidirectional propagation,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 118, 101104 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004258347. R. J. Davis, D.
J. Bisharat, and D. F. Sievenpiper, “ Classical-to-topological transmission line
couplers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 131102 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004105548. M. I. Nora Rosa, Y. Guo, and M. Ruzzene, “
Exploring topology of 1D quasiperiodic metastructures through modulated LEGO
resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 131901 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004229449. J. Feis, C. J. Stevens, and E. Shamonina, “
Wireless power transfer through asymmetric topological edge states in diatomic
chains of coupled meta-atoms,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 134106 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.002407750. Z. Yue, D. Liao, Z. Zhang, W. Xiong, Y.
Cheng, and X. J. Liu, “ Experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable acoustic
second-order topological insulator using condensed soda cans array,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 118, 203501 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004903051. Y. Kawaguchi, M.
Li, K. Chen, V. M. Menon, A. Alù, and A. B. Khanikaev, “ Optical isolator based
on chiral light-matter interactions in a ring resonator integrating a dichroic
magneto-optical material,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 241104 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.005755852. X. Shi, C. Jin, and W. Mi, “ Inversion of
angular-dependent planar magnetoresistance in epitaxial Pt/γ′-Fe4N bilayers,”
Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 111601 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040980 Despite
focusing on different topics, all the papers within this Special Topic
collection share the same point of view: we can push the boundaries of wave
physics for a broad range of applications, and we can engineer novel and
on-demand physical properties to enhance current devices and even conceive new
functionalities. Indeed, an important aspect of all research activities spanning
the general area of metamaterials is its interdisciplinary nature, covering a
wide range of expertise, in fundamental and applied physics, engineering,
materials science, and beyond.
The idea of this Special Topic originated in the context of the 2020
International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena, which,
indeed, has been bringing together a wide range of scientists and expertise to
facilitate these interdisciplinary discussions and interactions. The area of
metastructures is much broader than it was years ago, and it has been growing
since researchers in various disciplines are now mastering nanofabrication and
applying concepts from quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics to
conceive newer wave phenomena. Indeed, a large portion of the research presented
in this Special Topic would not have happened without the growing progress in
nanofabrication techniques, allowing the control of materials and, hence, field
manipulation at nanoscale. Even electrically large structures like metasurfaces
benefit from nanoscale fabrication methods because of the control of the field
and its gradient at nanoscale.
This Special Topic in Applied Physics Letters collects recent advances in the
broad area of metastructures. Though it is difficult to address the specific
achievements, in particular, individual areas, since the field is broad, we will
provide here highlights of some of the papers in this collection. We list them
here, grouped within broad areas of interest.
Metasurfaces and gradient metastructures have been showing extreme opportunities
for the manipulation of the reflected/transmitted wavefront, to realize
ultrathin photonic devices and very flexible and versatile radio frequency
reflectors. The contributed papers are Refs. 6–276. K. Agata, S. Murai, and K.
Tanaka, “ Stick-and-play metasurfaces for directional light outcoupling,” Appl.
Phys. Lett. 118, 021110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.00341157. Z. Lin, C.
Roques-Carmes, R. E. Christiansen, M. Soljacic, and S. G. Johnson, “
Computational inverse design for ultra-compact single-piece metalenses free of
chromatic and angular aberration,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 041104 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.00354198. P. Ang, G. Xu, and G. Eleftheriades, “
Invisibility cloaking with passive and active Huygens' metasurfaces,” Appl.
Phys. Lett. 118, 071903 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.00419969. H. Bilge
Yağci and H. V. Demir, “ ‘Meta-atomless’ architecture based on an irregular
continuous fabric of coupling-tuned identical nanopillars enables highly
efficient and achromatic metasurfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 081105 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004036510. Q. Chen, F. Giusti, G. Valerio, F. Mesa,
and O. Quevedo-Teruel, “ Anisotropic glide-symmetric substrate-integrated-holey
metasurface for a compressed ultrawideband Luneburg lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 084102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004158611. N. K. Paul and J.
Sebastián Gomez Diaz, “ Broadband and unidirectional plasmonic hyperlensing in
drift-biased graphene,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 091107 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004258012. W. T. Chen and F. Capasso, “ Will flat
optics appear in everyday life anytime soon?,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 100503
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.003988513. H. Zhang, Q. Cheng, H. Chu, O.
Christogeorgos, W. Wu, and Y. Hao, “ Hyperuniform disordered distribution
metasurface for scattering reduction,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 101601 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004191114. P. del Hougne, J. Sol, F. Mortessagne, U.
Kuhl, O. Legrand, P. Besnier, and M. Davy, “ Diffuse field cross-correlation in
a programmable-metasurface-stirred reverberation chamber,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 104101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.003959615. O. Rabinovich and A.
Epstein, “ Nonradiative subdiffraction near-field patterns using metagratings,”
Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 131105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004348416. S. A.
Kuznetsov, V. Lenets, M. Tumashov, A. Sayanskiy, P. A. Lazorskiy, P. Belov, J.
D. Baena, and S. Glybovski, “ Self-complementary metasurfaces for designing
terahertz deflecting circular-polarization beam splitters,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 131601 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004240317. J. B. Gros, G. Lerosey,
F. Mortessagne, U. Kuhl, and O. Legrand, “ Uncorrelated configurations and field
uniformity in reverberation chambers stirred by reconfigurable metasurfaces,”
Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 144101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004183718. M.
Faenzi, D. G. Ovejero, and S. Maci, “ Overlapped and sequential metasurface
modulations for bi-chromatic beams generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 181902
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004898519. H. Q. Nguyen, Q. Wu, J. Chen, Y.
Yu, H. Chen, S. Tracy, and G. Huang, “ A broadband acoustic panel based on
double-layer membrane-type metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 184101 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004258420. J. Lundgren, M. Gustafsson, D. Sjöberg, and
M. Nilsson, “ IR and metasurface based mm-wave camera,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118,
184104 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004731521. D. Khmelevskaia, D. I.
Markina, V. Fedorov, G. A. Ermolaev, A. V. Arsenin, V. S. Volkov, A. S. Goltaev,
Y. M. Zadiranov, I. A. Tzibizov, A. P. Pushkarev, A. K. Samusev, A. A.
Shcherbakov, P. Belov, I. S. Mukhin, and S. Makarov, “ Directly grown
crystalline gallium phosphide on sapphire for nonlinear all-dielectric
nanophotonics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 201101 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004896922. P. Vabishchevich, A. Vaskin, N. Karl, J. L.
Reno, M. B. Sinclair, I. Staude, and I. Brener, “ Ultrafast all-optical
diffraction switching using semiconductor metasurfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118,
211105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004958523. A. Moreno-Peñarrubia, J.
Teniente, S. A. Kuznetsov, B. Orazbayev, and M. Beruete, “ Ultrathin and
high-efficiency Pancharatnam-Berry phase metalens for millimeter waves,” Appl.
Phys. Lett. 118, 221105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004890724. J. D.
Ortiz, J. D. Baena, R. Marques, A. Enemuo, J. N. Gollub, R. Akhmechet, B.
Penkov, C. Sarantos, and D. Crouse, “ Babinet's principle and saturation of the
resonance frequency of scaled-down complementary metasurfaces,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 118, 221901 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004896025. C. Yepes, M.
Faenzi, S. Maci, and E. Martini, “ Perfect non-specular reflection with
polarization control by using a locally passive metasurface sheet on a grounded
dielectric slab,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 231601 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004897026. K. Manukyan, M. Z. Alam, C. Liu, K. Pang,
H. Song, Z. Zhao, M. Tur, R. W. Boyd, and A. E. Willner, “ Dependence of the
coupling properties between a plasmonic antenna array and a sub-wavelength
epsilon-near-zero film on structural and material parameters,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 241102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.004259927. D. Wei, C. Hu, M. Chen,
J. Shi, J. Luo, H. Wang, C. Xie, and X. Zhang, “ Light absorption and
nanofocusing on tapered magnetic metasurface,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 243102
(2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0026073.
As exemplary results within this topic, Chen and Capasso1212. W. T. Chen and F.
Capasso, “ Will flat optics appear in everyday life anytime soon?,” Appl. Phys.
Lett. 118, 100503 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0039885 talk about
metasurface-based components consisting of regular arrays of sub-wavelength
dielectric nanostructures, providing also an outlook on future trends. They
discuss that metasurface concepts are not only leading to a reduction in size
and complexity of optical components, but also bring new functionalities, like a
full-Stokes metasurface camera and a metasurface depth sensor. Zhang et al.1313.
H. Zhang, Q. Cheng, H. Chu, O. Christogeorgos, W. Wu, and Y. Hao, “ Hyperuniform
disordered distribution metasurface for scattering reduction,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 101601 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0041911 investigate the effects of
using a hyperuniform disordered distribution of metasurface elements to enlarge
the operating bandwidth, with a significant reduction in radar cross section of
the surface. This research shows that moving away from strictly periodic unit
cells (with a gradient distribution) is a promising direction for possible
future investigations. The paper by Kuznetsov et al.1616. S. A. Kuznetsov, V.
Lenets, M. Tumashov, A. Sayanskiy, P. A. Lazorskiy, P. Belov, J. D. Baena, and
S. Glybovski, “ Self-complementary metasurfaces for designing terahertz
deflecting circular-polarization beam splitters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 131601
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042403 elaborates and experimentally
demonstrates on a single-layer metasurface whose elements are based on pairs of
complementary structures to manipulate circular wavefronts, yielding an
effective approach to manipulate the optical wavefront. The paper by Faenzi et
al.1818. M. Faenzi, D. G. Ovejero, and S. Maci, “ Overlapped and sequential
metasurface modulations for bi-chromatic beams generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
118, 181902 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0048985 discusses metasurfaces as
radiators, which has been a topic of intense investigation in the past decade.
In this paper, the authors describe the generation of directive beams at two
different frequencies within the same metasurface antenna based on surface wave
excitation. Previously, metasurface antennas could generate tailored beams of
radiation at a single frequency. The paper by Lundgren et al.2020. J. Lundgren,
M. Gustafsson, D. Sjöberg, and M. Nilsson, “ IR and metasurface based mm-wave
camera,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 184104 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0047315
discusses and demonstrates the concept of a metasurface absorbing a radio
frequency field generated by an external device, that is then imaged using an
infrared camera, hence using heat to image electromagnetic fields. Vabishchevich
et al.2222. P. Vabishchevich, A. Vaskin, N. Karl, J. L. Reno, M. B. Sinclair, I.
Staude, and I. Brener, “ Ultrafast all-optical diffraction switching using
semiconductor metasurfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 211105 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0049585 demonstrate ultrafast all-optical on/off
switching using semiconductor metasurfaces made of resonators that support both
dipolar and quadrupolar Mie resonances. The authors show that multipole
engineering with lattice diffraction opens design pathways for tunable
metasurface-based integrated devices. Moreno-Peñarrubia et al.2323. A.
Moreno-Peñarrubia, J. Teniente, S. A. Kuznetsov, B. Orazbayev, and M. Beruete, “
Ultrathin and high-efficiency Pancharatnam-Berry phase metalens for millimeter
waves,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 221105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0048907
demonstrate an ultrathin and high-efficiency Pancharatnam–Berry phase metalens
for millimeter waves using meta-atoms made of H shaped (i.e., dogbone shaped)
pairs of conductors. The metalens focuses the wavefront of a circularly
polarized incident wave and converts its handedness within an ultrathin profile
composed of just two layers of patterned metals.
Another topic of recent interest in the area of metastructures is non-Hermitian
electromagnetics and exceptional points, concepts that have been leading to
interesting new wave phenomena. In particular, it has been shown that the effect
of a perturbation on the eigenvalues of a system is not linearly proportional to
the amount of perturbation, but rather to its square root (for an exceptional
point of order two), as discussed in Ref. 2828. K. Rouhi, R. G. Marosi, T.
Mealy, A. Abdelshafy, A. Figotin, and F. Capolino, “ Exceptional degeneracies in
traveling wave tubes with dispersive slow-wave structure including space-charge
effect,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 263506 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0051462. The concept of having a waveguide with
distributed gain and radiating antennas, leading to a distributed coherent
radiating oscillator operating at an exceptional point, is presented in Ref.
2929. A. Abdelshafy, T. Mealy, E. Hafezi, A. Nikzamir, and F. Capolino, “
Exceptional degeneracy in a waveguide periodically loaded with discrete gain and
radiation loss elements,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 224102 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0051238.
Ramaccia et al.3030. D. Ramaccia, A. Alù, A. Toscano, and F. Bilotti, “ Temporal
multilayer structures for designing higher-order transfer functions using
time-varying metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 101901 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042567 discuss the extension to temporal interfaces
of filter engineering, realizing wave manipulation by time-switching a uniform
material. This approach appears to be very exciting for the prospects of
metamaterials, introducing a temporal dimension to metamaterial design. In this
same broad area, Guenneau et al.3131. S. Guenneau, B. Lombard, and C. Bellis, “
Time-domain investigation of an external cloak for antiplane elastic waves,”
Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 191102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0048910 discuss
the temporal evolution of a metamaterial cloak response in the context of
elastic waves. Also Fujii et al.3434. G. Fujii, M. Takahashi, and Y. Akimoto, “
Acoustic cloak designed by topology optimization for acoustic-elastic-coupled
systems,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 101102 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040911 discuss cloaking mechanisms for acoustic and
elastic waves, opening to the next important topic featured in this Special
Topic collection.
In the context of acoustic, elastic, and mechanical waves, our Special Topic
features several exciting papers, since this is an area of growing interest in
the community of engineered materials. Huang et al.3232. S. Huang, E. Zhou, Z.
Huang, P. Lei, Z. Zhou, and Y. Li, “ Broadband sound attenuation by meta-liner
under grazing flow,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 063504 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042228 as well as Mi et al.3636. Y. Mi, W. Zhai, L.
Cheng, C. Xi, and X. Yu, “ Wave trapping by acoustic black hole: Simultaneous
reduction of sound reflection and transmission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 114101
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042514 and Zaccherini et al.3737. R.
Zaccherini, A. Palermo, A. Marzani, A. Colombi, V. Dertimanis, and E. Chatzi, “
Mitigation of Rayleigh-like waves in granular media via multi-layer resonant
metabarriers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 254103 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0031113 discuss various metamaterial geometries
supporting broadband absorption exploiting sophisticated sound-matter
interactions. Bilal et al.3333. O. R. Bilal, C. H. Yee, J. Rys, C. Schumacher,
and C. Daraio, “ Experimental realization of phonon demultiplexing in
three-dimensions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 091901 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0030830 introduce a complex metamaterial geometry to
realize multiplexing and de-multiplexing for sound.
Metastructures have been found very promising in the manipulation and
enhancement of wave–matter interaction at classical and quantum levels. For
example, Tonkaev et al.4040. P. Tonkaev, S. Anoshkin, A. P. Pushkarev, R.
Malureanu, M. Masharin, P. Belov, A. V. Lavrinenko, and S. Makarov, “
Acceleration of radiative recombination in quasi-2D perovskite films on
hyperbolic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 091104 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042557 show how to accelerate photoluminescence with
smart engineering of photonic density of states by depositing a perovskite film
on a hyperbolic metamaterial. The authors experimentally confirm the
acceleration of radiative recombination by almost three times. Liberal and
Ziolkowski4242. I. Liberal and R. W. Ziolkowski, “ Nonperturbative decay
dynamics in metamaterial waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 111103 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0044103 analyze the wealth of decay dynamics phenomena
that can be observed in metamaterial waveguides that have a complex dispersion
profile. They explore the nonperturbative decay dynamics of a quantum emitter
coupled to a composite right-/left-handed transmission line, including a
“mu-near-zero band edge” and an “epsilon-near-zero band edge.” The decay rates
associated with the spectral features are related to branch cut singularities
that contribute with fractional decay dynamics.
Another broad area of research interest in metamaterials focuses on topological
phenomena. The main idea, borrowed from condensed matter physics, is that the
nontrivial topological features of the band diagram of a metamaterial can be
translated into an unusually robust boundary propagation of waves, of great
interest for various applications from microwaves, photonics to acoustics.
Several exciting works on this topic are featured in this collection. For
instance, Yu et al.4444. L. Yu, H. Xue, and B. Zhang, “ Topological slow light
via coupling chiral edge modes with flat bands,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 071102
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0039839 exploit resonant coupling to realize
broadband slow light within a topological bandgap, with important implications
for photonic technologies. Proctor et al.4545. M. Proctor, M. Blanco De Paz, D.
Bercioux, A. Garcia-Etxarri, and P. Arroyo Huidobro, “ Higher-order topology in
plasmonic Kagome lattices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 091105 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040955 discuss a metamaterial geometry supporting
higher-order topological states, which implies localization of states within a
topological bandgap at higher dimensions. Kandil and Sievenpiper4646. S. Kandil
and D. F. Sievenpiper, “ C-shaped chiral waveguide for spin-dependent
unidirectional propagation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 101104 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042583 investigate spin-dependent unidirectional
propagation in a waveguide consisting of C-shaped metallic particles
characterized by extrinsic chirality and strong transverse spin, and the
unidirectionality sensitivity to various defects in the chiral waveguide that
flips the spin direction of the wave. Nora Rosa et al.4848. M. I. Nora Rosa, Y.
Guo, and M. Ruzzene, “ Exploring topology of 1D quasiperiodic metastructures
through modulated LEGO resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 131901 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042294 demonstrate an elegant and simple
implementation of quasi-periodic one-dimensional metamaterials using LEGO
blocks, reporting nontrivial topological features.
These and several other papers in this Special Topic collection (we could not
discuss all of them for the sake of brevity) demonstrate the rich opportunities
emerging from applying interdisciplinary topics to the field of engineered
materials.
This Special Topic collection provides an opportunity for the broad readership
of Applied Physics Letters to get a glimpse of the recent advances in the area
of metastructures and their applications. We hope that this selected collection
of articles may serve as a platform to further stimulate researchers to expand
their horizon beyond the classical fields of research in electromagnetics,
photonics, and wave physics in general and, thus, further advance the potential
advantages of metastructures for future applications.
The authors thank Lesley Cohen, Editor-in-Chief, for her constant guidance, Emma
Nicholson Van Burns, Journal Manager, and Jessica Trudeau, Editorial Assistant,
for their technical assistance with publishing.
DATA AVAILABILITY

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or
analyzed in this study.

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