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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION


CONTENTS

HistoryMission and goalsStructure and organizationMembers and
leadershipActivities and programsFunding and financesImpact and
achievementsCriticism and controversyRelationships with other
organizationsFuture plans and initiatives


CONTENTS

HistoryMission and goalsStructure and organizationMembers and
leadershipActivities and programsFunding and financesImpact and
achievementsCriticism and controversyRelationships with other
organizationsFuture plans and initiatives


HISTORY

The World Health Organization (WHO) was established on April 7, 1948, by the
United Nations General Assembly. WHO is a specialized agency of the United
Nations that focuses on public health issues around the world. Its headquarters
are located in Geneva, Switzerland. The organization has played an important
role in promoting international cooperation to improve health outcomes for
people everywhere. Some notable achievements include eradicating smallpox and
leading efforts to control other infectious diseases such as polio and malaria.
Over the years, WHO has also worked to address non-communicable diseases like
cancer and heart disease, as well as mental health issues and healthy living.


MISSION AND GOALS

The World Health Organization (WHO) has a mission to promote health, keep the
world safe from infectious diseases, and provide access to essential medicines
for all.
The organization strives to achieve its goals through various initiatives such
as improving maternal and child health, reducing poverty-related illnesses,
preventing noncommunicable diseases, and ensuring that everyone can live a long
and healthy life. WHO also works towards strengthening health systems, advancing
research, and engaging in partnerships with other organizations to address
global health challenges.


STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United
Nations that focuses on public health.
The WHO has a decentralized structure, with its headquarters located in Geneva,
Switzerland. It consists of six regional offices, each responsible for
overseeing public health programs in their respective regions. These regions are
Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia, and Western
Pacific. Each region is further divided into countries or areas, which are
responsible for implementing public health policies and programs at the national
level.
In addition to its regional offices, the WHO also has various departments and
units focused on specific aspects of public health, such as communicable
diseases, noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and more. These departments
work together to develop policies, guidelines, and strategies to improve global
public health.


MEMBERS AND LEADERSHIP

The World Health Organization (WHO) is an international organization that brings
together health professionals from around the world to work towards better
health for all.
The WHO has 194 member states, who are responsible for electing the
organization’s leaders. The Director-General of the WHO is elected by the World
Health Assembly, which is made up of representatives from each member state. The
current Director-General is Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who took office in July
2017.
The WHO also has various advisory bodies, including the Executive Board and the
Regional Committee for Europe. These bodies provide advice on policy matters
related to public health.
In addition to its members and leadership, the WHO plays a crucial role in
global health initiatives such as fighting diseases like malaria and HIV/AIDS,
promoting maternal and child health, and addressing mental health issues.


ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS

The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for implementing various
activities and programs aimed at improving global health.
One of its primary objectives is to promote international cooperation in health
matters by providing technical assistance and support to countries around the
world. This includes initiatives such as disease surveillance systems,
vaccination campaigns, and health education programs.
The WHO also works towards reducing poverty-related diseases through its
partnership with other organizations like UNICEF and UNAIDS. Additionally, it
supports research into new treatments and cures for deadly diseases like Ebola,
tuberculosis, and malaria.
Another important activity of the WHO is to address emerging public health
threats, such as pandemics or bioterrorism attacks. It has established the
Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN), which monitors influenza outbreaks
globally and helps coordinate responses to pandemics.
Overall, the WHO plays an essential role in promoting global health equity and
ensuring that all people have access to quality healthcare services regardless
of their nationality or socioeconomic status.


FUNDING AND FINANCES

The World Health Organization (WHO) is primarily funded by member states through
annual contributions.
The WHO receives its core budget from two main sources: regular voluntary
assessments on members and non-members alike, and earmarked funds from member
states for specific programs or initiatives. Regular voluntary assessments are
based on a scale of 2% to 5% of each country’s gross national income (GNI),
while earmarked funds can come from any source, including governments, private
sector entities, and civil society organizations.
In addition to its core budget, the WHO also relies on extra-budgetary resources
from various sources such as special programmes, projects, and trust funds.
These resources are used to support specific health-related activities that may
not be covered by the regular budget. Some examples include the Global Polio
Eradication Initiative, which is supported by multiple partners including the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF).


IMPACT AND ACHIEVEMENTS

The World Health Organization (WHO) has had a significant impact on global
health since its inception in 1948.
One of their most notable achievements was the eradication of smallpox in 1979
through the Intensified Smallpox Eradication Programme. This marked the first
time a disease had been completely eliminated from the world.
Another major accomplishment was the development of the Expanded Programme on
Immunization (EPI), which helped to immunize millions of children against
vaccine-preventable diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus.
The WHO also played a crucial role in responding to public health emergencies,
including the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa
in 2014-2016. They provided support for disease surveillance, laboratory
testing, and treatment protocols during these crises.
In addition, the organization has worked towards improving maternal and child
health, reducing infant mortality rates, and combating non-communicable diseases
like cancer and heart disease. Overall, the WHO’s impact and achievements have
significantly improved global health outcomes over the years.


CRITICISM AND CONTROVERSY

The World Health Organization (WHO) has faced criticism and controversy over its
handling of various health issues.
One major area of criticism is vaccination policies. Some critics argue that WHO
has been too aggressive in promoting vaccines, while others claim that it hasn’t
done enough to address concerns about their safety or effectiveness.
Additionally, there have been accusations that WHO has unfairly targeted certain
countries for vaccine-related sanctions.
Another area of controversy involves WHO’s response to the Ebola outbreak in
West Africa in 2014-2016. Critics have accused the organization of being slow to
respond and not doing enough to contain the spread of the virus. There were also
allegations that WHO prioritized pharmaceutical companies over local communities
in distributing treatments.
Finally, some critics have questioned WHO’s transparency and accountability.
They point to instances where the organization has failed to disclose
information about its finances or decision-making processes.


RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS

The World Health Organization (WHO) has close relationships with many
international and regional organizations in the field of public health.
One of its key partners is the United Nations (UN), which provides funding and
support for WHO activities around the world. Other UN agencies that collaborate
with WHO include the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
In addition to the UN, WHO also works closely with regional organizations such
as the African Union, the European Commission, and the Pan American Health
Organization. These organizations provide technical assistance, funding, and
political support for WHO initiatives at the local level.
Overall, WHO’s relationships with other organizations are critical to achieving
its mission of promoting better health outcomes for all people around the world.


FUTURE PLANS AND INITIATIVES

The World Health Organization (WHO) has several future plans and initiatives
aimed at improving global health.
One of its major initiatives is the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
which includes targets to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity
for all. WHO plays an important role in this agenda by promoting universal
access to health services, including primary health care, immunizations, and
preventive measures against non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes,
and heart disease.
Another key initiative is the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity, which
aims to increase physical activity levels around the world. This plan includes
strategies to promote active transportation, reduce sedentary behavior, and
encourage healthy eating habits.
In addition, WHO is working on developing new vaccines and treatments for
infectious diseases, particularly those that affect vulnerable populations such
as children, pregnant women, and people living in poverty. It also supports
research into emerging diseases and outbreaks, and works to improve preparedness
and response efforts during public health crises.
Overall, WHO’s future plans and initiatives are focused on ensuring that
everyone has access to the health services they need to live a healthy life,
regardless of their circumstances or location.