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HOW THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION COULD FIGHT FUTURE PANDEMICS

By Emma Farge
May 23, 20238:43 AM GMT+2Updated 2 years ago
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Director-General of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Dr. Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus attends the World Health Assembly at the United Nations in Geneva,
Switzerland, May 21, 2023. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse Purchase Licensing Rights,
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GENEVA, May 23 (Reuters) - Negotiations on new rules for dealing with pandemics
are underway at the World Health Organization (WHO), with a target date of May
2024 for a legally binding agreement to be adopted by the U.N. health agency's
194 member countries.
A new pact is a priority for WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus who called it
a "generational commitment that we will not go back to the old cycle of panic
and neglect" at the U.N. agency's annual assembly. It seeks to shore up the
world's defences against new pathogens following the COVID-19 pandemic that has
killed nearly 7 million people.
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WHAT IS THE SO-CALLED PANDEMIC TREATY?

The WHO already has binding rules known as the International Health Regulations,
which in 2005 set out countries' obligations where public health events have the
potential to cross borders. These include advising the WHO immediately of a
health emergency and measures on trade and travel.
Adopted after the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, these regulations are still
considered appropriate for regional epidemics, such as Ebola but inadequate for
a global pandemic. These regulations are also being reviewed in the wake of
COVID-19.
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For the new more wide-reaching pandemic accord, member states have agreed that
it should be legally binding for those who sign up, overcoming early
reservations from the United States.
It would be only the second such health accord after the 2003 Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control, a treaty which aims to reduce smoking via
taxation and rules on labelling and advertising.
However, the proposed treaty has come under fire on social media, mostly from
right-wing critics warning it could lead to countries ceding authority to the
WHO. The body strongly refutes this, stressing that governments are leading the
negotiations and are free to reject the accord.



HOW DO COUNTRIES VIEW THE PACT?

The European Union, which proposed the accord, is seen as its biggest backer.
Developing countries, especially in Africa, are keen to use the negotiations to
secure better access to vaccines, following allegations of "vaccine apartheid"
from the WHO's Director-General Tedros.
After five rounds of formal negotiations, the latest 208-page draft of the
treaty still includes thousands of brackets, which mark areas of disagreement or
undecided language, including over the definition of the word "pandemic". With
so many member countries involved, securing agreement may be tricky.



HOW WOULD IT WORK?

It is not yet clear how the 2005 regulations and the new pandemic accord might
fit together.
One suggestion is that they should be complementary, so that existing rules
apply to local outbreaks with the new rules kicking in if the WHO declares a
pandemic - something it does not currently have a mandate to do.
It is also not yet clear what happens if the measures are not followed. A
co-chair of the talks said it would be preferable to have a peer-review process,
rather than sanction non-compliant states.



WHAT OTHER REFORMS ARE IN THE WORKS?

Separate talks on reforming the 2005 rules are taking place, with countries
proposing some 300 amendments.
Washington's initial proposals aimed to boost transparency and grant the WHO
quicker access to outbreak sites.
China did allow WHO-led expert teams to visit the COVID-19 epicentre in Wuhan,
but the WHO says Beijing is still withholding clinical data from early cases
that may hold clues about the origins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Negotiators privately grumble about overlap between the two sets of talks and a
joint meeting to clarify their agendas is planned.

Keep up with the latest medical breakthroughs and healthcare trends with the
Reuters Health Rounds newsletter. Sign up here.

Reporting by Emma Farge in Geneva, additional reporting by Jennifer Rigby in
London Editing by Tomasz Janowski

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 * Suggested Topics:
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Purchase Licensing Rights
Emma Farge

Thomson Reuters

Emma Farge reports on the U.N. beat and Swiss news from Geneva since 2019. She
has produced a string of exclusives on diplomacy, the environment and global
trade and covered Switzerland’s first war crimes trial. Her Reuters career
started in 2009 covering oil swaps from London and she has since written about
the West African Ebola outbreak, embedded with U.N. troops in north Mali and was
the first reporter to enter deposed Gambian dictator Yahya Jammeh’s estate. She
co-authored a winning story for the Elizabeth Neuffer Memorial Prize on Russia’s
diplomatic isolation in 2022 and was also part of a team of journalists
nominated in 2012 as Pulitzer finalists in the international reporting category
for coverage of the Libyan revolution. She holds a BA from Oxford University
(First) and an MSc from the LSE in International Relations. She is currently on
the board of the press association for UN correspondents in Geneva (ACANU).

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