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UKRAINE IN MAPS: TRACKING THE WAR WITH RUSSIA

1 day ago
By the Visual Journalism Team ,BBC News
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Fighting has been raging in Ukraine for two years since Russia's invasion, with
Moscow's forces edging forwards in recent weeks after months of virtual
stalemate.

Here are the latest developments:

 * Russian forces have made advances north and north-east of Kharkiv, the second
   biggest city in Ukraine
 * Russia has also intensified attacks along the eastern front since April
   although its advances have been described as minor




RUSSIA ADVANCING NORTH OF KHARKIV

Russian forces have crossed the international border to the north of Ukraine's
second biggest city Kharkiv and have made what analysts are calling "tactically
significant advances".




Russia has intensified its attacks on the region following Friday's surprise
incursions across the border, seizing several villages and settlements in one of
the most significant ground attacks since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine
began in February 2022.

Vovchansk, located 74km (45 miles) from Kharkiv, has been heavily bombed in
recent days. While it is a significant town in the region, Vovchansk is not of
specific military importance, though its capture would be a blow to Ukrainian
morale.

Russian military bloggers claim clearing operations have started in the village
of Staritsa, although that is not confirmed.

Thousands of civilians have fled towards Kharkiv and there are concerns among
Ukrainian commanders about what could happen if Russian troops get within
artillery-range of the city.



US-based analysts at the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) say Russian forces
"currently appear to be prioritizing the rapid establishment of a 'buffer zone'
along the international border over setting conditions for deeper penetrations
into northern Kharkiv Oblast".

However, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) assessment is that Russia is "almost
certainly attempting to divert Ukrainian resources away from other parts of the
front line", but adds: "It is unlikely that Russia has built up sufficient
combat power to take the city (Kharkiv) without diverting additional forces into
the area."


RUSSIAN PROGRESS IN THE EAST

The incursion is some miles from the main front line to the east where Russia
has continued its offensive operations and been edging forwards since October
2023.

The MoD noted that Russian attacks intensified further in April - up 17% from
March - with more than three quarters on the areas around the towns of Avdiivka
and Bakhmut.




Russia had a notable success in the town of Avdiivka where Ukrainian troops
withdrew in February after months of fighting. Russian forces are now in control
of what remains of the town and pushing west.



Avdiivka, which would have been a possible gateway for Ukraine to reach the
Russian-controlled city of Donetsk, has been a battlefield town since 2014, when
Russian-backed fighters seized large swathes of the eastern Donetsk and Luhansk
regions.

Almost all of Avdiivka's pre-war population of more than 30,000 people have left
and the town itself is almost completely destroyed.

Its fall marked the biggest change on the more than 1,000km-long (620-mile)
front line since Russian troops seized the nearby town of Bakhmut in May 2023.




BATTLE FOR BAKHMUT

Bakhmut itself remains a flashpoint and has endured some of the heaviest
fighting of the war.

However, although Ukraine gained some ground in the surrounding areas over the
summer, Russian forces have since made advances around the city. The ISW reports
that territory to the west and south of the town continues to change hands.



The MoD said attacks on Chasiv Yar, which is situated on high ground to the west
of Bakhmut, rose by 200% from March to April and that Russia was probably trying
to gain control of the town.

"Despite the substantial increase in attacks on this axis, Russia made only
minor tactical gains in the area during April and almost certainly sustained
heavy losses," the MoD added.




TWO YEARS OF FIGHTING

Russia's invasion began with dozens of missile strikes on cities all over
Ukraine before dawn on 24 February 2022.

Russian ground troops moved in quickly and within a few weeks were in control of
large areas of Ukraine and had advanced to the suburbs of Kyiv.

Russian forces were bombarding Kharkiv, and they had taken territory in the east
and south as far as Kherson, and surrounded the port city of Mariupol.



But they hit very strong Ukrainian resistance almost everywhere and faced
serious logistical problems with poorly motivated Russian troops suffering
shortages of food, water and ammunition.



Ukrainian forces were also quick to deploy Western supplied arms such as the
Nlaw anti-tank system, which proved highly effective against the Russian
advance.

By October 2022, the picture had changed dramatically and having failed to take
Kyiv, Russia withdrew completely from the north. Since then, little has changed
on the ground.

By Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Paul Sargeant, Tural Ahmedzade, Chris Clayton,
Kady Wardell, Mark Bryson, Sana Dionysiou, Gerry Fletcher, Kate Gaynor, Filipa
Silverio and Erwan Rivault




ABOUT THESE MAPS

To indicate which parts of Ukraine are under control by Russian troops we are
using daily assessments published by the Institute for the Study of War with the
American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project. To show key areas
where advances are taking place we are also using updates from the UK Ministry
of Defence and BBC research.



The situation in Ukraine is often fast moving and it is likely there will be
times when there have been changes not reflected in the maps.

War in Ukraine
Volodymyr Zelensky
Russia
Vladimir Putin
Ukraine

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