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Understanding Europe

From file: The rescue ship, Humanity 1, conducts a rescue mission in the central
Mediterranean | Photo: Jana Stallein/SOS Humanity
 * Mediterranean Route
 * Libyan coast guard
 * border control
 * irregular migration


UK STRIKES £1M DEAL WITH LIBYA TO COMBAT IRREGULAR ARRIVALS INTO EUROPE

Published on : 2024/03/11
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By Ana P. Santos Published on : 2024/03/11

The announcement comes after Britain’s home office minister concluded a visit to
Tripoli with representatives from the European Union, the United Nations,
France, Germany, and Malta.

The United Kingdom will pay Libya £1 million (1.17 million euros) to stop people
from entering Europe by crossing the Mediterranean Sea and instead repatriate
them to their countries of origin, the German news agency dpa reported. 

The announcement comes after Michael Tomlinson, Britain’s home office minister,
concluded a visit to Tripoli last week with representatives from the European
Union, the United Nations, France, Germany, and Malta. Tomlinson is the first UK
home office minister to visit the North African country in decades.  

"As well as supporting survivors of trafficking, the funding will assist
migrants who choose to return to their countries of origin. These voluntary
returns are one of the most fundamental tools at our disposal for driving down
migration numbers globally," Tomlinson said in a statement published on his
website.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) defines voluntary returns as
the "assisted or independent return to the country of origin, transit or another
country based on the voluntary decision of the returnee."


LAUNCHING PAD FOR ENTRY TO EUROPE 

The previous year saw record-high arrivals in Europe from North Africa, with
over 150,000 migrants reaching Italy by sea. Libya, a major departure point for
Mediterranean-bound migrants, saw nearly 40,000 arrivals in Europe.  

"The new funding I announced is only the latest step in our drive to bolster
international efforts, building on our new deal with Frontex, the European
Border and Coast Guard Agency, and agreements with other countries including
Vietnam and Albania," said Tomlinson in an article he wrote for British
newspaper The Telegraph. 



From file: A group of migrant men mainly from Niger and Nigeria sit in the back
of a pickup during a journey across northern Niger’s Air desert towards the
Libyan border post of Gatrone, January 22, 2019 | Photo: Souleymane Ag Anara/AFP




Last month, the UK also announced a new working arrangement with Frontex, the
European Border and Coast Guard Agency to crack down on people smuggling
networks by strengthening Frontex's border agency capabilities.

"This isn’t just Libya or North Africa; it isn’t just Europe. It is a global
challenge. And we are getting on with the job. We will do whatever it takes to
secure our borders, reform our immigration system, and stop the boats,"
Tomlinson concluded. 

In addition to Libya, the UK has pledged a £3 million deal with Turkey to
construct a new center to coordinate joint operations between the UK and the
Turkish border patrol. Tukey is reportedly the starting point for 90 percent of
the small boats attempting to enter the UK by crossing the English Channel.

Last year, UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak penned similar bilateral agreements
with Belgium, Bulgaria, and Serbia.

Read more: UN: Libya must end arbitrary detention and mass expulsion of migrants


OUTSOURCING MIGRANT OPPRESSION

The UK and Libya alliance comes in the wake of media reports that the
humanitarian rescue group SOS Humanity 1 clashed with the Libyan coast guard
while conducting a rescue mission earlier this month. SOS Humanity alleged that
the Libyan Coast Guard had fired live bullets and used violence.

Human rights groups have widely criticized Europe for outsourcing their
migration policies to African countries, particularly those with a record of
human rights abuses such as Libya.

In January, Human Rights Watch released a report that revealed the dire
conditions faced by migrants and asylum seekers in Libya which include torture,
forced labor, and sexual assault. 

After a fact-finding mission in Libya last year, the UN Human Rights Council
declared that there are "reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against
humanity have been committed against Libyans and migrants throughout Libya since
2016."

There are an estimated 600,000 migrants stranded in Libya according to the
International Organization for Migration (IOM). 

Read more: UN: Crimes against humanity committed in Libya


FAILED STATE

Libya spiraled into chaos after Muammar Gaddafi's removal in 2011. Libya plunged
into a failed state with two rival political administrations controlled by
militias.

Since then, Libya has faced persistent condemnation from human rights
organizations for widespread human rights violations and unchecked actions by
the government.


From file: Damaged vehicles and buildings in the city of Derna, east of
Benghazi, after the wrath of Mediterranean Storm Daniel on September 11, 2023 |
Photo: Press office of Libya's interim prime minister via AFP




In September, cyclone Daniel pummeled northeast Libya causing massive flooding
that killed more than 4,000 people and displacing more than 40,000 others,
including many migrants.

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MORE ARTICLES

 * Mediterranean: Over 800 migrants returned to Libya in 5 days, 11 drown on
   weekend
 * EU commits further 30 million euros to Senegal to manage migration
 * Poland plans to temporarily suspend asylum 'within weeks'
 * Germany: Mixed success of land border checks

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