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HOBBS AND MAYES WANT JUDGE TO TOSS LAWSUIT HORNE FILED AGAINST THEM TIED TO
‘DUAL-LANGUAGE’ PROGRAMS



Howard Fischer, Capitol Media Services//November 22, 2023//

Home>courts>

Hobbs and Mayes want judge to toss lawsuit Horne filed against them tied to
‘dual-language’ programs

Gov. Katie Hobbs and Attorney General Kris Mayes want a judge to toss a lawsuit
filed against them by state schools chief Tom Horne because they can't give him
the legal relief he wants: an end to "dual-language'' programs in public schools
he contends are ineffective -- and illegal. (File Photo)


HOBBS AND MAYES WANT JUDGE TO TOSS LAWSUIT HORNE FILED AGAINST THEM TIED TO
‘DUAL-LANGUAGE’ PROGRAMS



Howard Fischer, Capitol Media Services//November 22, 2023//

 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 

Listen to this article

Gov. Katie Hobbs and Attorney General Kris Mayes want a judge to toss a lawsuit
filed against them by state schools chief Tom Horne because they can’t give him
the legal relief he wants: an end to “dual-language” programs in public schools
he contends are ineffective — and illegal.

And hanging in the balance are more than the practices for teaching English in
the 10 districts that Horne sued. Whatever the court decides could determine
whether other districts, wanting something different than structured English
immersion, get to follow suit for the approximately 95,000 students classified
as “English language learners.”

The litigation stems from the fact that several Arizona school districts are
using a “dual-language model” where students are taught academic subject matter
in classrooms featuring both English and their native language, usually Spanish.
But that, Horne said, violates Proposition 203, a 2000 voter-approved measure
which spells out that “all children in Arizona public schools shall be taught
English by being taught in English, and all children should be placed in English
language classrooms.”



And he wants Judge Katherine Cooper to rule any actions to the contrary are
illegal.

But in filings in Maricopa County Superior Court, neither the governor nor the
attorney general address Horne’s claim that schools that do not use “structured
English immersion” to teach students who are not proficient are acting
illegally.

Instead, Nathan Arrowsmith, an assistant attorney general, said Horne has no
legal right to sue. He said if Horne believes some schools are out of
compliance, there is only one legal remedy: take the case to the state Board of
Education, which approved using the dual-language model.



“The superintendent is not powerless when it comes to board policy,” Arrowsmith
wrote.

“He is a member of the board and is therefore able to directly influence board
policy,” he told Cooper. “However, he has declined to take any action in his
capacity as a board member and instead brought his disagreement with the board
of the dual-language instruction model before this court.”

What Horne’s problem appears to be with Mayes, Arrowsmith wrote, is that she
wrote a legal opinion saying that he has no authority to override the board’s
actions approving the dual-language model. More to the point, Mayes said school
districts “remain entitled to rely on that approval” — and that Horne can’t do
anything about it.

And simply writing a legal opinion, Arrowsmith said, provides no grounds to sue.

Andrew Gaona, representing Hobbs, said in his own legal filings that Horne’s
case against his client is even more tenuous.

In suing the governor, Horne argued she has a constitutional obligation to “take
care that the laws be faithfully executed.” But the schools chief is unhappy
with her for another reason.

“The governor has been touting dual-language even though she knows, or should
know, that it is contrary to law,” his lawsuit says.

Gaona, however, said that misses the point that the whole fight has nothing to
do with Hobbs.

“The complaint alleges no facts establishing that Gov. Hobbs implemented Prop.
203 or has any power to control how anyone else implements Prop. 203,” Gaona
said, adding “she has no such power.”

Gaona also said if Horne is upset that the state Board of Education won’t take
action against the schools, he should sue it. He said the only way Horne can get
the legal relief he wants — a declaration against the use of dual-language
instruction — is to sue the board for approving it, something he has refused to
do.

Horne, however, told Capitol Media Services there’s a good reason he didn’t do
that.

“The executive director told me that the board will take no action until there’s
a court decision,” he said.

“They’ll do whatever the court decides,” Horne said. “It seems kind of silly to
name them as a part of a lawsuit.”

And he insisted there’s nothing legally wrong with filing the lawsuit he did
against everyone else to get the dual-language instruction declared illegal.

At the heart of the fight is that 2000 initiative which created a requirement
for a rigid block of instruction of at least four hours a day in a classroom
with only those students not proficient in English. The idea was that a single
year of immersion would result in proficiency quicker than bilingual-education
programs where instruction was offered in both English and the language spoken
by students when they enrolled in school.

Theoretically, that was designed to provide proficiency in just one year. That
proved not to be true, with the Department of Education finding that in 2018
just 14% of “English language learner” students were found to be proficient
enough to leave the program.

That led to questions of not just that students were being segregated but that
the language instruction meant they were not keeping up with their peers in
other subjects.

A 2010 study by researchers at Arizona State University said ELL students are
“physically, socially, and educationally isolated from their non-ELL peers.”

In 2019 then-Gov. Doug Ducey signed legislation allowing the state board to
adopt and approve alternate “research-based” models that involved just two hours
a day, giving school officials more flexibility in how to schedule that time.
And it allows classrooms mixed with both students whose native language is
English, as well as those from homes where that is not the case.

That led to the dual-language model adopted by the board.

Horne said he has data showing that structured English immersion produces better
results. But he said that is legally irrelevant to the bottom-line claim that
what the Legislature approved and the state board adopted was legal.

“The language of the initiative passed by over 60% of the voters says that
English language learners will be instructed in English by being taught in
English,” Horne said. “The initiative means what it says.”

And he took a swipe at lawmakers and board members who approved the alternative.

“If the English language is familiar to the people, whoever’s making decisions,
it means what it says,” he said. “That’s my argument, not what’s science-based
or not science-based.”

He said it doesn’t matter that the Legislature authorized it.

The Arizona Constitution spells out that lawmakers cannot repeal anything
approved by voters.

Alterations are acceptable. But the Voter Protection Act says that is permitted
only if they “further the purpose” of the original initiative, something he said
this does not do.

To back up that argument, he provided the court with a declaration from Margaret
Dugan. She said she not only participated in writing the 2000 initiative but is
now the chief deputy superintendent in Horne’s Department of Education.

Dugan said it is clear that neither the 2019 law nor the 2020 rules adopted by
the Board of Education meet the requirements of the ballot measure that all
children shall be taught English by being taught in English and that all
children shall be placed in English-language classrooms.

“This is the purpose of the initiative: that children should no longer be taught
in bilingual or dual-language classes, where they are taught part of the day in
Spanish, but should be taught the entire school day in English, so that they
would quickly become proficient in English,” Dugan said.

Horne has something else: a memo from Hannah Nies, general counsel to the
Arizona Legislative Council. She said if the dual-language model allows students
to be taught subject matter in a language other than English, “the model likely
violates Proposition 203.”

In a separate legal filing, Robert Haws, representing the schools that Horne
sued, said they are doing nothing wrong.

He cited that 2019 law directing the Board of Education to develop “evidence and
research-based” models for teaching English. Board members complied the
following year — before Horne was schools chief and a member of the board — with
the dual-language model, a decision that still stands.

And Haws, like the other attorneys, said if Horne has a problem with all that he
should sue the school board.

There was an effort in 2020 to put a measure on the ballot to replace
Proposition 203 with a requirement for public schools to provide dual-language
programs for both native and non-native English speakers. And it spelled out
that schools must provide “effective and appropriate instructional methods.”

“This is a simple bill that says all the kids should have the equal chance to
learn,” said John Fillmore, then a Republican representative from Apache
Junction.

The problem, Fillmore said, is when students are confined to classrooms where
English is the only thing being taught, they are not keeping up with their
counterparts who are in classes learning math, science and other subjects. That,
he said, means they end up “being held back.”

And Fillmore said his measure would create something else: an opportunity for
students who come to school knowing only English to pick up a second language.

It was approved by the House Education Committee on a 10-1 margin but died when
it could not get the required hearing by the Rules Committee, which was chaired
by Anthony Kern, then a state representative out of Glendale and now a state
senator.

A hearing has been set for January.


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Tags: Public Schools, english language learner, hobbs, Nathan Arrowsmith,
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