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IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDONIMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON


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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY


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CHEMISTRY AT IMPERIAL

The Chemistry Department at Imperial spans three centuries, from the nineteenth
to the twenty-first. The ancestor both of our present Department and of Imperial
College itself was the Royal College of Chemistry (RCC). During the early part
of the nineteenth century it became apparent that practical aspects of the
experimental sciences were not well taught and that in Britain the instruction
of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany. In Germany such
teaching was a national priority, and a new chemical industry was emerging
there. In London in the early 1840's a group of interested people set up an
institute to teach practical chemistry; funds were raised from politicians,
industrialists and the public, and in 1845 the RCC was set up, initially as a
private institution.

The Prince Consort was an enthusiastic supporter and, through his contacts in
Germany, persuaded August Wilhelm Hofmann, then only 28, to be the first
Professor. The College opened in 1845 with 26 students at 16 Hanover Square (the
building still stands). Hofmann was an inspired choice: he was charismatic and a
chemist of international renown.

















































However, the College had financial troubles and in 1846 had to take cheaper
premises at 299 Oxford Street. In 1872, with Government support (secured largely
with the help of Lyon Playfair, himself a distinguished chemist) the College
moved to the not yet occupied building of the School of Naval Architecture in
Exhibition Road, South Kensington (now the Henry Cole wing of the Victoria and
Albert Museum).

 In 1865 Hofmann returned to Germany, and Sir Edward Frankland, the father of
organometallic chemistry and a pioneer in the understanding of valency, became
head of the department. There were now physics, mathematics and other
departments and in 1881 the celebrated biologist T. H. Huxley ('Darwin’s
bulldog') became Dean.

 Three of the many famous early RCC students were Sir William Perkin, discoverer
of the aniline dye mauveine and founder of the British dyestuffs industry; Sir
Frederick Abel, the inventor of cordite; and the great polymath William Crookes
who, after leaving the RCC, discovered thallium, did much fundamental work in
physics and radiochemistry and became President of the Royal Society.

 By 1900 the RCC had been renamed the Royal College of Science (RCS), and in
1906 the chemistry and physics departments moved to a new building designed by
Sir Aston Webb in Imperial College Road – some of this remains as RCS-1. In 1907
Imperial College was founded by combining the RCS, the Royal School of Mines and
the Guilds Central Technical College. In 1970, sadly, much of the chemistry
building was demolished to make way for the present edifice  but some of the old
building ('RCS-1') remains in use; and has been cleaned and refurbished with
generous help from the Wolfson Foundation.

Many professors of chemistry up and down the country and abroad and many leading
industrial chemists received their training here, and the Department remains a
centre of excellence for teaching and research. The present head of department
is Professor Alan Armstrong who holds the chair of Professor of
Organic Chemistry.

 


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