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Docs Home → Develop Applications → MongoDB Manual


VIEWS


On this page

 * Use Cases
 * Create and Manage Views
 * Comparison with On-Demand Materialized Views
 * Behavior
 * Access Control

A MongoDB view is a read-only queryable object whose contents are defined by an
aggregation pipeline on other collections or views.

MongoDB does not persist the view contents to disk. A view's content is computed
on-demand when a client queries the view.


NOTE


DISAMBIGUATION

This page discusses standard views. For discussion of on-demand materialized
views, see On-Demand Materialized Views.

To understand the differences between the view types, see Comparison with
On-Demand Materialized Views.

You can create materialized views in the UI for deployments hosted in MongoDB
Atlas.


USE CASES


You can use views to:

 * Create a view on a collection of employee data to exclude any personally
   identifiable information (PII). Your application can query the view for
   employee data that does not contain any PII.

 * Create a view on a collection of sensor data to add computed fields and
   metrics. Your application can use find operations to query the computed data.

 * Create a view that joins two collections containing inventory and order
   history. Your application can query the view without managing or
   understanding the underlying pipeline.


CREATE AND MANAGE VIEWS


To learn how to create and manage views, see the following resources:

 * Create a Materialized View in the MongoDB Atlas UI

 * Create and Query a View

 * Use a View to Join Two Collections

 * Create a View with Default Collation

 * Modify a View

 * Remove a View


COMPARISON WITH ON-DEMAND MATERIALIZED VIEWS


MongoDB provides two different view types: standard views and on-demand
materialized views. Both view types return the results from an aggregation
pipeline.

 * Standard views are computed when you read the view, and are not stored to
   disk.

 * On-demand materialized views are stored on and read from disk. They use a
   $merge or $out stage to update the saved data.


INDEXES


Standard views use the indexes of the underlying collection. As a result, you
cannot create, drop or re-build indexes on a standard view directly, nor get a
list of indexes on the view.

You can create indexes directly on on-demand materialized views because they are
stored on disk.


PERFORMANCE


On-demand materialized views provide better read performance than standard views
because they are read from disk instead of computed as part of the query. This
performance benefit increases based on the complexity of the pipeline and size
of the data being aggregated.


BEHAVIOR


The following sections describe behavior specific to views.


READ ONLY


Views are read-only. Write operations on views return an error.


VIEW PIPELINES


The view's underlying aggregation pipeline is subject to the 100 megabyte memory
limit for blocking sort and blocking group operations.

Starting in MongoDB 6.0, pipeline stages that require more than 100 megabytes of
memory to execute write temporary files to disk by default. In earlier verisons
of MongoDB, you must pass { allowDiskUse: true } to individual find and
aggregate commands to enable this behavior.

Individual find and aggregate commands may override the allowDiskUseByDefault
parameter by either:

 * Using { allowDiskUse: true } to allow writing temporary files out to disk
   when allowDiskUseByDefault is set to false

 * Using { allowDiskUse: false } to prohibit writing temporary files out to disk
   when allowDiskUseByDefault is set to true


TIME SERIES COLLECTIONS


 * Time series collections are writable non-materialized views. Limitations for
   views apply to time series collections. For more information, see Time Series
   Collection Limitations.

 * You cannot create a view from a time series bucket collection namespace
   (namely, a collection prefixed with system.buckets).


WARNING

Do not attempt to create a time series collection or view with the name
system.profile. MongoDB 6.3 and later versions return an IllegalOperation error
if you attempt to do so. Earlier MongoDB versions crash.


ACCESS CONTROL


If the deployment enforces authentication, db.createView() requires that the
authenticated user have the createCollection privilege on the database.

However, if the user has the createCollection on the database and find on the
view to create, the user must also have the following additional permissions:

 * find on the source collection or view.

 * find on any other collections or views referenced in the pipeline, if any.

A user with the readWrite built in role on the database has the required
privileges to run the listed operations. Either create a user with the required
role or grant the role to an existing user

←  Databases and CollectionsCreate and Query a View →

On this page

 * Use Cases
 * Create and Manage Views
 * Comparison with On-Demand Materialized Views
 * Behavior
 * Access Control

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