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WHAT TRIGGERS A FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY CODE REVIEW?
Understanding the rules around fire and life safety code can ensure a resilient,
code-complaint facility.
By Ray Bizal, Contributing Writer
Fire Safety/Protection
Resilient buildings are critical to society. By committing to resilience,
facility managers are also committing to the highest level of safety, where
injury, death, property loss, and business loss can be significantly limited in
the case of an emergency. A crucial component of any facility resilience plan is
compliance with fire and life safety codes and standards.
To ensure compliance with codes and standards throughout new construction,
changes in use and occupancy, or simply the passing of time, facilities must
often perform code reviews. There are several things to consider during a code
review: egress, fire sprinkler locations, fire alarm enunciation, the quantity
and placement of fire alarm initiation and notification devices (such as pull
stations or strobe lights), the flame spread and smoke development rating of
textile wall coverings — just to name a few. It’s a process that demands
accuracy and collaboration.
As the trades continue to adopt digital transformation, it’s important that
emerging digital tools are leveraged throughout the code review process to
ensure efficiency and effectiveness. On the construction site, time is money.
And with trades teams understaffed and overworked across the board, it’s more
important than ever to lean on technology to get the job done right and drive
efficiency towards resiliency.
WHAT TRIGGERS A CODE REVIEW?
The intensity of a code review can range from a small check-up to a massive
undertaking; it all depends on what is being done within the facility. Below are
the three main catalysts for a code review:
1. Tenant improvements. Any type of renovation, or tenant improvement (TI),
should trigger a code review. To undergo a TI, which can range from adding a
window to moving a wall to constructing a new wing, facilities personnel
must inform their local building department and obtain a building permit.
This generally spawns a code review. Before performing any type of TI, the
facility manager or contractors will need to clearly identify what they’re
planning to do and how it will affect fire and life safety codes and
standards. For example, will moving a wall affect the fire sprinkler system?
Will adding a room oblige them to meet new egress or fire alarm
requirements? These are important fire and life safety code considerations
that accompany all TIs, large and small.
2. Change in storage arrangement, storage commodity, or occupancy. In warehouse
settings particularly, a change in storage arrangements or the commodities
stored therein can trigger a code review, as this is a change in the use of
the permitted occupancy. Facility managers will need to assess how these
changes affect fire and life safety, ensuring that the fire suppression
system is adequate given the new arrangement. We see this often in the
retail sector as well, where stores are constantly changing displays and
introducing new products to their storehouse and display shelves. Sometimes
it is a change in occupancy that causes a review. If a new warehouse tenant
wants to convert a storage occupancy into an industrial production line, for
example, that will certainly trigger a huge code review.
3. Inspection by the AHJ or insurance carrier. Often, inspectors, authorities
having jurisdiction (AHJs), or even insurance carriers will raise a question
to the facility manager or point out something within the facility that
needs further examination. The onus is then on the facility team to perform
a code review to best address those questions or concerns and identify what
(if any) action needs to be taken. Large corporations can receive
inspections up to several times per year depending on their facilities, so
it’s common for fire departments, insurance carriers, or AHJs to proactively
raise concerns that trigger a code review.
DRIVING EFFICIENCIES
The code review process generally adheres to the following steps: First,
relevant stakeholders (e.g. the facilities team, architect, warehouse manager,
mechanical, plumbing, and fire protection engineers, etc.) gather at a
pre-design meeting to identify what exactly they plan to do. Once they have a
firm grasp on their plans, they perform a code review to ensure they’ve
addressed the relevant fire and life safety considerations. The facility’s team
can then approach the AHJ and apply for necessary permits to move the project
forward.
When working with the AHJ, it’s critical that facilities teams demonstrate they
have been thoughtful and thorough in order to build respect and camaraderie
between the two parties. AHJs need to know that the facility has the safety of
its employees and customers top-of-mind and has brought together the fire and
life safety ecosystem accordingly.
The code review process demands a thorough understanding of the code,
collaboration between several parties, precise documentation, and unwavering
accuracy. Therefore, it’s important that teams are able to drive efficiencies
within this process in order to move quickly and put their best foot forward to
the AHJ. In today’s digital era, facilities teams should absolutely be
leveraging digital tools to streamline this process.
Ray Bizal is director of regional operations for NFPA. He oversees the Canadian
and U.S. Regional Directors, who provide outreach to NFPA stakeholders regarding
the many activities undertaken by the association. With over 30 years in the
fire protection profession, Bizal also worked at the Lockheed Missiles and Space
Company Fire Department as a fire protection specialist, and Factory Mutual
Engineering Association as a loss prevention consultant.
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posted on 11/8/2022 Article Use Policy
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Related Topics:
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How to Ensure an Accurate Test Report After Annual Fire Alarm Inspection
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining Fire and Life Safety Systems
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