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WELCOME TO PHOIBLE

PHOIBLE is a repository of cross-linguistic phonological inventory data, which
have been extracted from source documents and tertiary databases and compiled
into a single searchable convenience sample. Release 2.0 from 2019 includes 3020
inventories that contain 3183 segment types found in 2186 distinct languages.

A bibliographic record is provided for each source document; note that some
languages in PHOIBLE have multiple entries based on distinct sources that
disagree about the number and/or identity of that language’s phonemes.

Two principles guide the development of PHOIBLE, though it has proved
challenging both theoretically and technologically to abide by them:

 1. Be faithful to the language description in the source document (now often
    called ‘doculect’, for reasons indicated above)
 2. Encode all character data in a consistent representation in Unicode IPA

In addition to phoneme inventories, PHOIBLE includes distinctive feature data
for every phoneme in every language. The feature system used was created by the
PHOIBLE developers to be descriptively adequate cross-linguistically. In other
words, if two phonemes differ in their graphemic representation, then they
necessarily differ in their featural representation as well (regardless of
whether those two phonemes coexist in any known doculect). The feature system is
loosely based on the feature system in Hayes 2009 with some additions drawn from
Moisik & Esling 2011.

However, the final feature system goes beyond both of these sources, and is
potentially subject to change as new languages are added in subsequent editions
of PHOIBLE.

The data set also includes additional genealogical and geographical information
about each language from Glottolog.

The PHOIBLE project also integrates the theoretical model of distinctive
features from an extended phonological feature set based on International
Phonetic Alphabet (Association 2005) and on Hayes 2009. This is accomplished by
creating a mapping relationship from each IPA segment to a set of features
(Moran 2012). In this way, the IPA is a pivot for interoperability across all
resources in PHOIBLE because their contents are encoded in Unicode IPA.

For a detailed description of PHOIBLE, see Moran 2012. For examples of some of
the research we are doing with PHOIBLE, see: Moran et al. 2012, Cysouw et al.
2012, McCloy et al. 2013 and Moran & Blasi, Cross-linguistic comparison of
complexity measures in phonological systems, forthcoming.


HOW TO USE PHOIBLE

Users can browse or search PHOIBLE's inventories by clicking on the tabs
"Inventories", "Languages" or "Segments" above. Data can be downloaded by
clicking the download button . If you use PHOIBLE in your research, please cite
appropriately, following our recommended citation format.


HOW TO CITE PHOIBLE

If you are citing the database as a whole, or making use of the phonological
distinctive feature systems in PHOIBLE, please cite as follows:

Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.) 2019.
PHOIBLE 2.0.
Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
(Available online at http://phoible.org, Accessed on 2023-10-15.)
cite



If you are citing phoneme inventory data for a particular language or languages,
please use the name of the language as the title, and include the original data
source as an element within PHOIBLE:



UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database. 2019. Lelemi sound inventory
(UPSID).
In: Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.)
PHOIBLE 2.0.
Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
(Available online at http://phoible.org/inventories/view/441, Accessed on
2023-10-15.)
cite




CITE

Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.) 2019.
PHOIBLE 2.0.
Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
(Available online at http://phoible.org, Accessed on 2023-10-15.)
cite




PHOIBLE 2.0 edited by Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
License.
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