www.iflscience.com
Open in
urlscan Pro
18.65.229.83
Public Scan
Submitted URL: http://iflscience.com/
Effective URL: https://www.iflscience.com/
Submission: On November 21 via api from JP — Scanned from JP
Effective URL: https://www.iflscience.com/
Submission: On November 21 via api from JP — Scanned from JP
Form analysis 2 forms found in the DOM
<form id="pdf-form" role="form" data-hs-cf-bound="true"><label id="modal-article-no">0</label><label for="pdf-email">Email</label><input class="mt-sm" id="pdf-email" type="email" required="required"><label for="pdf-country">Country</label><select
class="mt-sm" id="pdf-country" type="select" required="required">
<option value="">Please Choose</option>
<option value="Australia">Australia</option>
<option value="Canada">Canada</option>
<option value="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</option>
<option value="United States">United States</option>
<option value="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</option>
<option value="Albania">Albania</option>
<option value="Algeria">Algeria</option>
<option value="American Samoa">American Samoa</option>
<option value="Andorra">Andorra</option>
<option value="Angola">Angola</option>
<option value="Anguilla">Anguilla</option>
<option value="Antarctica">Antarctica</option>
<option value="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</option>
<option value="Argentina">Argentina</option>
<option value="Armenia">Armenia</option>
<option value="Aruba">Aruba</option>
<option value="Austria">Austria</option>
<option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</option>
<option value="Bahamas">Bahamas</option>
<option value="Bahrain">Bahrain</option>
<option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</option>
<option value="Barbados">Barbados</option>
<option value="Belarus">Belarus</option>
<option value="Belgium">Belgium</option>
<option value="Belize">Belize</option>
<option value="Benin">Benin</option>
<option value="Bermuda">Bermuda</option>
<option value="Bhutan">Bhutan</option>
<option value="Bolivia">Bolivia</option>
<option value="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option>
<option value="Botswana">Botswana</option>
<option value="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</option>
<option value="Brazil">Brazil</option>
<option value="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</option>
<option value="Brunei">Brunei</option>
<option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</option>
<option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</option>
<option value="Burundi">Burundi</option>
<option value="Cambodia">Cambodia</option>
<option value="Cameroon">Cameroon</option>
<option value="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</option>
<option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</option>
<option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</option>
<option value="Chad">Chad</option>
<option value="Chile">Chile</option>
<option value="China">China</option>
<option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</option>
<option value="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option>
<option value="Colombia">Colombia</option>
<option value="Comoros">Comoros</option>
<option value="Congo">Congo</option>
<option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</option>
<option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</option>
<option value="Croatia">Croatia</option>
<option value="Cuba">Cuba</option>
<option value="Cyprus">Cyprus</option>
<option value="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</option>
<option value="Denmark">Denmark</option>
<option value="Djibouti">Djibouti</option>
<option value="Dominica">Dominica</option>
<option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</option>
<option value="East Timor">East Timor</option>
<option value="Ecuador">Ecuador</option>
<option value="Egypt">Egypt</option>
<option value="El Salvador">El Salvador</option>
<option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</option>
<option value="Eritrea">Eritrea</option>
<option value="Estonia">Estonia</option>
<option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</option>
<option value="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</option>
<option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</option>
<option value="Fiji Islands">Fiji Islands</option>
<option value="Finland">Finland</option>
<option value="France">France</option>
<option value="French Guiana">French Guiana</option>
<option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</option>
<option value="French Southern territories">French Southern territories</option>
<option value="Gabon">Gabon</option>
<option value="Gambia">Gambia</option>
<option value="Georgia">Georgia</option>
<option value="Germany">Germany</option>
<option value="Ghana">Ghana</option>
<option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</option>
<option value="Greece">Greece</option>
<option value="Greenland">Greenland</option>
<option value="Grenada">Grenada</option>
<option value="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</option>
<option value="Guam">Guam</option>
<option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option>
<option value="Guernsey">Guernsey</option>
<option value="Guinea">Guinea</option>
<option value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</option>
<option value="Guyana">Guyana</option>
<option value="Haiti">Haiti</option>
<option value="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</option>
<option value="Holy See (Vatican City State)">Holy See (Vatican City State)</option>
<option value="Honduras">Honduras</option>
<option value="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</option>
<option value="Hungary">Hungary</option>
<option value="Iceland">Iceland</option>
<option value="India">India</option>
<option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option>
<option value="Iran">Iran</option>
<option value="Iraq">Iraq</option>
<option value="Ireland">Ireland</option>
<option value="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</option>
<option value="Israel">Israel</option>
<option value="Italy">Italy</option>
<option value="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</option>
<option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option>
<option value="Japan">Japan</option>
<option value="Jersey">Jersey</option>
<option value="Jordan">Jordan</option>
<option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option>
<option value="Kenya">Kenya</option>
<option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option>
<option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option>
<option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</option>
<option value="Laos">Laos</option>
<option value="Latvia">Latvia</option>
<option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option>
<option value="Lesotho">Lesotho</option>
<option value="Liberia">Liberia</option>
<option value="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</option>
<option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</option>
<option value="Lithuania">Lithuania</option>
<option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</option>
<option value="Macao">Macao</option>
<option value="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</option>
<option value="Madagascar">Madagascar</option>
<option value="Malawi">Malawi</option>
<option value="Malaysia">Malaysia</option>
<option value="Maldives">Maldives</option>
<option value="Mali">Mali</option>
<option value="Malta">Malta</option>
<option value="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</option>
<option value="Martinique">Martinique</option>
<option value="Mauritania">Mauritania</option>
<option value="Mauritius">Mauritius</option>
<option value="Mayotte">Mayotte</option>
<option value="Mexico">Mexico</option>
<option value="Micronesia, Federated States of">Micronesia, Federated States of</option>
<option value="Moldova">Moldova</option>
<option value="Monaco">Monaco</option>
<option value="Mongolia">Mongolia</option>
<option value="Montenegro">Montenegro</option>
<option value="Montserrat">Montserrat</option>
<option value="Morocco">Morocco</option>
<option value="Mozambique">Mozambique</option>
<option value="Myanmar">Myanmar</option>
<option value="Namibia">Namibia</option>
<option value="Nauru">Nauru</option>
<option value="Nepal">Nepal</option>
<option value="Netherlands">Netherlands</option>
<option value="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</option>
<option value="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</option>
<option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option>
<option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</option>
<option value="Niger">Niger</option>
<option value="Nigeria">Nigeria</option>
<option value="Niue">Niue</option>
<option value="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</option>
<option value="North Korea">North Korea</option>
<option value="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</option>
<option value="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</option>
<option value="Norway">Norway</option>
<option value="Oman">Oman</option>
<option value="Pakistan">Pakistan</option>
<option value="Palau">Palau</option>
<option value="Palestine">Palestine</option>
<option value="Panama">Panama</option>
<option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</option>
<option value="Paraguay">Paraguay</option>
<option value="Peru">Peru</option>
<option value="Philippines">Philippines</option>
<option value="Pitcairn">Pitcairn</option>
<option value="Poland">Poland</option>
<option value="Portugal">Portugal</option>
<option value="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</option>
<option value="Qatar">Qatar</option>
<option value="Reunion">Reunion</option>
<option value="Romania">Romania</option>
<option value="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</option>
<option value="Rwanda">Rwanda</option>
<option value="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</option>
<option value="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option>
<option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</option>
<option value="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option>
<option value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option>
<option value="Samoa">Samoa</option>
<option value="San Marino">San Marino</option>
<option value="Sao Tome and Principe">Sao Tome and Principe</option>
<option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</option>
<option value="Senegal">Senegal</option>
<option value="Serbia">Serbia</option>
<option value="Seychelles">Seychelles</option>
<option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</option>
<option value="Singapore">Singapore</option>
<option value="Slovakia">Slovakia</option>
<option value="Slovenia">Slovenia</option>
<option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</option>
<option value="Somalia">Somalia</option>
<option value="South Africa">South Africa</option>
<option value="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</option>
<option value="South Korea">South Korea</option>
<option value="South Sudan">South Sudan</option>
<option value="Spain">Spain</option>
<option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</option>
<option value="Sudan">Sudan</option>
<option value="Suriname">Suriname</option>
<option value="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</option>
<option value="Swaziland">Swaziland</option>
<option value="Sweden">Sweden</option>
<option value="Switzerland">Switzerland</option>
<option value="Syria">Syria</option>
<option value="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</option>
<option value="Tanzania">Tanzania</option>
<option value="Thailand">Thailand</option>
<option value="The Democratic Republic of Congo">The Democratic Republic of Congo</option>
<option value="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</option>
<option value="Togo">Togo</option>
<option value="Tokelau">Tokelau</option>
<option value="Tonga">Tonga</option>
<option value="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</option>
<option value="Tunisia">Tunisia</option>
<option value="Turkey">Turkey</option>
<option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</option>
<option value="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</option>
<option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</option>
<option value="Uganda">Uganda</option>
<option value="Ukraine">Ukraine</option>
<option value="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</option>
<option value="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</option>
<option value="Uruguay">Uruguay</option>
<option value="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</option>
<option value="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</option>
<option value="Venezuela">Venezuela</option>
<option value="Vietnam">Vietnam</option>
<option value="Virgin Islands, British">Virgin Islands, British</option>
<option value="Virgin Islands, U.S.">Virgin Islands, U.S.</option>
<option value="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</option>
<option value="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</option>
<option value="Yemen">Yemen</option>
<option value="Zambia">Zambia</option>
<option value="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</option>
</select><label for="pdf-newsletter">Ready to spark your curiosity? Get our newsletter full of awesome, inspiring, and strange science.</label><span class="mt-sm">You can unsubscribe at any time. View
our<a class="privacy-link ml-sm" href="/privacy-policy" target="_blank">privacy policy</a> and terms below.</span><select class="mt-sm" id="pdf-newsletter" type="">
<option value="">Please Choose</option>
<option value="Yes">Yes</option>
<option value="No">No</option>
</select>
<div class="submit-button mt-l mb-l"><button class="flex" id="submit-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="16" viewBox="0 0 12 16" fill="black">
<path
d="M11.5312 3.0625L8.9375 0.4375C8.65625 0.15625 8.25 0 7.875 0H1.5C0.65625 0 0 0.6875 0 1.5V14.5C0 15.3438 0.65625 16 1.5 16H10.5C11.3125 16 12 15.3438 12 14.5V4.125C12 3.75 11.8125 3.34375 11.5312 3.0625ZM10.375 4H8V1.625L10.375 4ZM1.5 14.5V1.5H6.5V4.75C6.5 5.1875 6.8125 5.5 7.25 5.5H10.5V14.5H1.5ZM9.3125 10.0312C8.9375 9.65625 7.84375 9.75 7.28125 9.8125C6.75 9.5 6.40625 9.03125 6.15625 8.375C6.25 7.875 6.46875 7.09375 6.3125 6.625C6.1875 5.8125 5.125 5.875 4.96875 6.4375C4.84375 6.9375 4.96875 7.65625 5.1875 8.53125C4.875 9.28125 4.40625 10.2812 4.09375 10.875C3.46875 11.1875 2.625 11.6875 2.5 12.3125C2.40625 12.8125 3.3125 14.0312 4.875 11.3438C5.5625 11.0938 6.34375 10.8125 7 10.6875C7.59375 11.0312 8.28125 11.2188 8.75 11.2188C9.5625 11.2188 9.625 10.3438 9.3125 10.0312ZM3.125 12.4688C3.28125 12.0312 3.875 11.5312 4.0625 11.375C3.46875 12.3125 3.125 12.4688 3.125 12.4688ZM5.65625 6.5C5.90625 6.5 5.875 7.5 5.71875 7.78125C5.59375 7.34375 5.59375 6.5 5.65625 6.5ZM4.90625 10.7812C5.21875 10.25 5.46875 9.625 5.6875 9.0625C5.9375 9.53125 6.25 9.90625 6.625 10.1562C5.96875 10.3125 5.40625 10.5625 4.90625 10.7812ZM9 10.625C9 10.625 8.84375 10.8125 7.84375 10.375C8.9375 10.2812 9.125 10.5312 9 10.625Z"
fill="inherit"></path>
</svg>
<p class="ml-sm">GET PDF</p>
</button><button class="pdf-close-modal mt-sm" type="button">
<p>Cancel and go back</p>
</button></div>
</form><form id="audio-form" role="form" data-hs-cf-bound="true"><label id="modal-article-no">0</label><label for="audio-email">Email</label><input class="mt-sm" id="audio-email" type="email" required="required"><label
for="audio-country">Country</label><select class="mt-sm" id="audio-country" type="select" required="required">
<option value="">Please Choose</option>
<option value="Australia">Australia</option>
<option value="Canada">Canada</option>
<option value="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</option>
<option value="United States">United States</option>
<option value="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</option>
<option value="Albania">Albania</option>
<option value="Algeria">Algeria</option>
<option value="American Samoa">American Samoa</option>
<option value="Andorra">Andorra</option>
<option value="Angola">Angola</option>
<option value="Anguilla">Anguilla</option>
<option value="Antarctica">Antarctica</option>
<option value="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</option>
<option value="Argentina">Argentina</option>
<option value="Armenia">Armenia</option>
<option value="Aruba">Aruba</option>
<option value="Austria">Austria</option>
<option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</option>
<option value="Bahamas">Bahamas</option>
<option value="Bahrain">Bahrain</option>
<option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</option>
<option value="Barbados">Barbados</option>
<option value="Belarus">Belarus</option>
<option value="Belgium">Belgium</option>
<option value="Belize">Belize</option>
<option value="Benin">Benin</option>
<option value="Bermuda">Bermuda</option>
<option value="Bhutan">Bhutan</option>
<option value="Bolivia">Bolivia</option>
<option value="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option>
<option value="Botswana">Botswana</option>
<option value="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</option>
<option value="Brazil">Brazil</option>
<option value="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</option>
<option value="Brunei">Brunei</option>
<option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</option>
<option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</option>
<option value="Burundi">Burundi</option>
<option value="Cambodia">Cambodia</option>
<option value="Cameroon">Cameroon</option>
<option value="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</option>
<option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</option>
<option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</option>
<option value="Chad">Chad</option>
<option value="Chile">Chile</option>
<option value="China">China</option>
<option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</option>
<option value="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option>
<option value="Colombia">Colombia</option>
<option value="Comoros">Comoros</option>
<option value="Congo">Congo</option>
<option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</option>
<option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</option>
<option value="Croatia">Croatia</option>
<option value="Cuba">Cuba</option>
<option value="Cyprus">Cyprus</option>
<option value="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</option>
<option value="Denmark">Denmark</option>
<option value="Djibouti">Djibouti</option>
<option value="Dominica">Dominica</option>
<option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</option>
<option value="East Timor">East Timor</option>
<option value="Ecuador">Ecuador</option>
<option value="Egypt">Egypt</option>
<option value="El Salvador">El Salvador</option>
<option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</option>
<option value="Eritrea">Eritrea</option>
<option value="Estonia">Estonia</option>
<option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</option>
<option value="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</option>
<option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</option>
<option value="Fiji Islands">Fiji Islands</option>
<option value="Finland">Finland</option>
<option value="France">France</option>
<option value="French Guiana">French Guiana</option>
<option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</option>
<option value="French Southern territories">French Southern territories</option>
<option value="Gabon">Gabon</option>
<option value="Gambia">Gambia</option>
<option value="Georgia">Georgia</option>
<option value="Germany">Germany</option>
<option value="Ghana">Ghana</option>
<option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</option>
<option value="Greece">Greece</option>
<option value="Greenland">Greenland</option>
<option value="Grenada">Grenada</option>
<option value="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</option>
<option value="Guam">Guam</option>
<option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option>
<option value="Guernsey">Guernsey</option>
<option value="Guinea">Guinea</option>
<option value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</option>
<option value="Guyana">Guyana</option>
<option value="Haiti">Haiti</option>
<option value="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</option>
<option value="Holy See (Vatican City State)">Holy See (Vatican City State)</option>
<option value="Honduras">Honduras</option>
<option value="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</option>
<option value="Hungary">Hungary</option>
<option value="Iceland">Iceland</option>
<option value="India">India</option>
<option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option>
<option value="Iran">Iran</option>
<option value="Iraq">Iraq</option>
<option value="Ireland">Ireland</option>
<option value="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</option>
<option value="Israel">Israel</option>
<option value="Italy">Italy</option>
<option value="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</option>
<option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option>
<option value="Japan">Japan</option>
<option value="Jersey">Jersey</option>
<option value="Jordan">Jordan</option>
<option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option>
<option value="Kenya">Kenya</option>
<option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option>
<option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option>
<option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</option>
<option value="Laos">Laos</option>
<option value="Latvia">Latvia</option>
<option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option>
<option value="Lesotho">Lesotho</option>
<option value="Liberia">Liberia</option>
<option value="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</option>
<option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</option>
<option value="Lithuania">Lithuania</option>
<option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</option>
<option value="Macao">Macao</option>
<option value="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</option>
<option value="Madagascar">Madagascar</option>
<option value="Malawi">Malawi</option>
<option value="Malaysia">Malaysia</option>
<option value="Maldives">Maldives</option>
<option value="Mali">Mali</option>
<option value="Malta">Malta</option>
<option value="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</option>
<option value="Martinique">Martinique</option>
<option value="Mauritania">Mauritania</option>
<option value="Mauritius">Mauritius</option>
<option value="Mayotte">Mayotte</option>
<option value="Mexico">Mexico</option>
<option value="Micronesia, Federated States of">Micronesia, Federated States of</option>
<option value="Moldova">Moldova</option>
<option value="Monaco">Monaco</option>
<option value="Mongolia">Mongolia</option>
<option value="Montenegro">Montenegro</option>
<option value="Montserrat">Montserrat</option>
<option value="Morocco">Morocco</option>
<option value="Mozambique">Mozambique</option>
<option value="Myanmar">Myanmar</option>
<option value="Namibia">Namibia</option>
<option value="Nauru">Nauru</option>
<option value="Nepal">Nepal</option>
<option value="Netherlands">Netherlands</option>
<option value="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</option>
<option value="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</option>
<option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option>
<option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</option>
<option value="Niger">Niger</option>
<option value="Nigeria">Nigeria</option>
<option value="Niue">Niue</option>
<option value="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</option>
<option value="North Korea">North Korea</option>
<option value="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</option>
<option value="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</option>
<option value="Norway">Norway</option>
<option value="Oman">Oman</option>
<option value="Pakistan">Pakistan</option>
<option value="Palau">Palau</option>
<option value="Palestine">Palestine</option>
<option value="Panama">Panama</option>
<option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</option>
<option value="Paraguay">Paraguay</option>
<option value="Peru">Peru</option>
<option value="Philippines">Philippines</option>
<option value="Pitcairn">Pitcairn</option>
<option value="Poland">Poland</option>
<option value="Portugal">Portugal</option>
<option value="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</option>
<option value="Qatar">Qatar</option>
<option value="Reunion">Reunion</option>
<option value="Romania">Romania</option>
<option value="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</option>
<option value="Rwanda">Rwanda</option>
<option value="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</option>
<option value="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option>
<option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</option>
<option value="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option>
<option value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option>
<option value="Samoa">Samoa</option>
<option value="San Marino">San Marino</option>
<option value="Sao Tome and Principe">Sao Tome and Principe</option>
<option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</option>
<option value="Senegal">Senegal</option>
<option value="Serbia">Serbia</option>
<option value="Seychelles">Seychelles</option>
<option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</option>
<option value="Singapore">Singapore</option>
<option value="Slovakia">Slovakia</option>
<option value="Slovenia">Slovenia</option>
<option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</option>
<option value="Somalia">Somalia</option>
<option value="South Africa">South Africa</option>
<option value="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</option>
<option value="South Korea">South Korea</option>
<option value="South Sudan">South Sudan</option>
<option value="Spain">Spain</option>
<option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</option>
<option value="Sudan">Sudan</option>
<option value="Suriname">Suriname</option>
<option value="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</option>
<option value="Swaziland">Swaziland</option>
<option value="Sweden">Sweden</option>
<option value="Switzerland">Switzerland</option>
<option value="Syria">Syria</option>
<option value="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</option>
<option value="Tanzania">Tanzania</option>
<option value="Thailand">Thailand</option>
<option value="The Democratic Republic of Congo">The Democratic Republic of Congo</option>
<option value="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</option>
<option value="Togo">Togo</option>
<option value="Tokelau">Tokelau</option>
<option value="Tonga">Tonga</option>
<option value="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</option>
<option value="Tunisia">Tunisia</option>
<option value="Turkey">Turkey</option>
<option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</option>
<option value="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</option>
<option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</option>
<option value="Uganda">Uganda</option>
<option value="Ukraine">Ukraine</option>
<option value="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</option>
<option value="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</option>
<option value="Uruguay">Uruguay</option>
<option value="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</option>
<option value="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</option>
<option value="Venezuela">Venezuela</option>
<option value="Vietnam">Vietnam</option>
<option value="Virgin Islands, British">Virgin Islands, British</option>
<option value="Virgin Islands, U.S.">Virgin Islands, U.S.</option>
<option value="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</option>
<option value="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</option>
<option value="Yemen">Yemen</option>
<option value="Zambia">Zambia</option>
<option value="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</option>
</select><label for="audio-newsletter">Ready to spark your curiosity? Get our newsletter full of awesome, inspiring, and strange science.</label><span class="mt-sm">You can unsubscribe at any time. View
our<a class="privacy-link ml-sm" href="/privacy-policy" target="_blank">privacy policy</a> and terms below.</span><select class="mt-sm" id="audio-newsletter" type="">
<option value="">Please Choose</option>
<option value="Yes">Yes</option>
<option value="No">No</option>
</select>
<div class="submit-button mt-l mb-l"><button class="flex" id="submit-button"><span class="audio-icon" id="audio-icon"><img alt="audio" width="16" height="16" src="https://assets.iflscience.com/svg/_audio_black.svg"></span><span class="audio-icon"
id="spinner-icon"></span>
<p class="ml-sm">Listen</p>
</button><button class="audio-close-modal mt-sm" id="audio-close-modal" type="button">
<p>Cancel and go back</p>
</button></div>
</form>Text Content
CLOSE THANK YOU! We have emailed you a PDF version of the article you requested. CAN'T FIND THE EMAIL? Please check your spam or junk folder You can also addnewsletters@iflscience.comto your safe senders list to ensure you never miss a message from us. CLOSE IFLScience Home Complete the form below and we will email you a PDF version -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0EmailCountryPlease ChooseAustraliaCanadaUnited KingdomUnited StatesAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsColombiaComorosCongoCook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEast TimorEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFiji IslandsFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern territoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuamGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard Island and McDonald IslandsHoly See (Vatican City State)HondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsle of ManIsraelItalyIvory CoastJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyan Arab JamahiriyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacaoNorth MacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesia, Federated States ofMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNetherlands AntillesNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth KoreaNorthern IrelandNorthern Mariana IslandsNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPalestinePanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarReunionRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSaint HelenaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSao Tome and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsSouth KoreaSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan MayenSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandThe Democratic Republic of CongoTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited States Minor Outlying IslandsUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamVirgin Islands, BritishVirgin Islands, U.S.Wallis and FutunaWestern SaharaYemenZambiaZimbabweReady to spark your curiosity? Get our newsletter full of awesome, inspiring, and strange science.You can unsubscribe at any time. View ourprivacy policy and terms below.Please ChooseYesNo GET PDF Cancel and go back IFLScience needs the contact information you provide to us to contact you about our products and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time. For information on how to unsubscribe, as well as our privacy practices and commitment to protecting your privacy, check out ourPrivacy Policy CLOSE IFLScience Home Complete the form below to listen to the audio version of this article -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0EmailCountryPlease ChooseAustraliaCanadaUnited KingdomUnited StatesAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsColombiaComorosCongoCook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEast TimorEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFiji IslandsFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern territoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuamGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard Island and McDonald IslandsHoly See (Vatican City State)HondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsle of ManIsraelItalyIvory CoastJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyan Arab JamahiriyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacaoNorth MacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesia, Federated States ofMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNetherlands AntillesNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth KoreaNorthern IrelandNorthern Mariana IslandsNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPalestinePanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarReunionRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSaint HelenaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSao Tome and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsSouth KoreaSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan MayenSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandThe Democratic Republic of CongoTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited States Minor Outlying IslandsUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamVirgin Islands, BritishVirgin Islands, U.S.Wallis and FutunaWestern SaharaYemenZambiaZimbabweReady to spark your curiosity? Get our newsletter full of awesome, inspiring, and strange science.You can unsubscribe at any time. View ourprivacy policy and terms below.Please ChooseYesNo Listen Cancel and go back IFLScience needs the contact information you provide to us to contact you about our products and services. You may unsubscribe from these communications at any time. For information on how to unsubscribe, as well as our privacy practices and commitment to protecting your privacy, check out ourPrivacy Policy Advertisement IFLScience Home Search * Topics * Humans * Health & Medicine * Nature * Space & Physics * Technology * Culture & Society * Latest * Trending * Video * Podcasts * Events * NewsLetters * Magazine * More * Features * eBooks * About Us * Trending * Latest * Topics * Humans * Health & Medicine * Nature * Space & Physics * Technology * Culture & Society * Features * Video * Podcasts * Events * NewsLetters * Magazine * More * eBooks * About Us Subscribe today for our Weekly Newsletter in your inbox! Subscribe Today YouTubeYoutube Subscribe today for our Weekly Newsletter in your inbox! Subscribe Today YouTubeYoutube link to article Goat-Fish Carving Is First-Ever Zodiac Symbol In Egyptian Rock ArtGoat-Fish Carving Is First-Ever Zodiac Symbol In Egyptian Rock Art GOAT-FISH CARVING IS FIRST-EVER ZODIAC SYMBOL IN EGYPTIAN ROCK ART The figure of Capricornus was invented by ancient Mesopotamians over 4,000 years ago. 15 hours ago 35 link to article Highest-Resolution Images Of The Sun's Surface Ever Revealed – And They're Breathtaking Astronomy HIGHEST-RESOLUTION IMAGES OF THE SUN'S SURFACE EVER REVEALED – AND THEY'RE BREATHTAKING 16 hours ago 56 link to article Growing Bones And Gut Feelings: The Latest Steps On The Quest To Map Every Human Cell Health and Medicine GROWING BONES AND GUT FEELINGS: THE LATEST STEPS ON THE QUEST TO MAP EVERY HUMAN CELL 15 hours ago 67 RARE FALKLAND FALCONS SET NEW STANDARDS FOR AVIAN INTELLIGENCE AND CURIOSITY Yesterday FOUR TROPICAL STORMS PRESENT OVER SOUTHEAST ASIA SIMULTANEOUSLY IN RECORD-BREAKING NOVEMBER 14 hours ago LACKING COMPANY, A DOLPHIN IN THE BALTIC IS TALKING TO HIMSELF 13 hours ago Advertisement Advertisement TRENDING link to article World First 35,000-Year-Old Saber-Toothed Kitten Found Mummified In Permafrost animals WORLD FIRST 35,000-YEAR-OLD SABER-TOOTHED KITTEN FOUND MUMMIFIED IN PERMAFROST The appearance of the extinct animal has been a mystery – until now. 5 days ago 3 810 link to article Why Do Some People Wake Up At 3am Every Night? psychology WHY DO SOME PEOPLE WAKE UP AT 3AM EVERY NIGHT? We've all been there. November 2, 2024 47 650 More Trending MOST READ link to article Skynet-1A: Military Spacecraft Launched 55 Years Ago Has Been Moved By Persons Unknown Astronomy SKYNET-1A: MILITARY SPACECRAFT LAUNCHED 55 YEARS AGO HAS BEEN MOVED BY PERSONS UNKNOWN The dead satellite should be in a geostationary arc at a longitude of around 40 East. But it isn't. November 11, 2024 72 460 link to article Scientists Dropped Gophers Onto Mount St Helens For 1 Day. 40 Years Later, The Effect Is Astonishing environment SCIENTISTS DROPPED GOPHERS ONTO MOUNT ST HELENS FOR 1 DAY. 40 YEARS LATER, THE EFFECT IS ASTONISHING Shortly after the devastating eruption, some gophers went on a very confusing day trip. November 11, 2024 35 1.3k More Most Read LATEST link to article 60,000-Year-Old Glue-Making Oven Found In Neanderthals' Seaside Cave ancient ancestors 60,000-YEAR-OLD GLUE-MAKING OVEN FOUND IN NEANDERTHALS' SEASIDE CAVE Neanderthals are often assumed to be dim-witted, but this suggests they shouldn't all be tarred with that brush. 13 hours ago 2 150 link to article NASA's Curiosity Rover About To Enter “Spiderweb” Region Of Mars' Mount Sharp Astronomy NASA'S CURIOSITY ROVER ABOUT TO ENTER “SPIDERWEB” REGION OF MARS' MOUNT SHARP 14 hours ago 39 link to article Newly Discovered Transiting Exoplanet Is The Youngest Ever Found At Under 3 Million Years Old Astronomy NEWLY DISCOVERED TRANSITING EXOPLANET IS THE YOUNGEST EVER FOUND AT UNDER 3 MILLION YEARS OLD 15 hours ago 120 link to article In 1177 BCE, Civilizations Fell Apart In A Mysterious Simultaneous Collapse ancient ancestors IN 1177 BCE, CIVILIZATIONS FELL APART IN A MYSTERIOUS SIMULTANEOUS COLLAPSE 20 hours ago 10 180 More Latest Advertisement Advertisement HUMANS link to article Did An Unsung Hero Complete The First Atlantic To Pacific Circling Of The Globe? Humans DID AN UNSUNG HERO COMPLETE THE FIRST ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC CIRCLING OF THE GLOBE? Yesterday 1 80 link to article Neanderthal Children May Have Collected Fossils, Just Like Modern Kids Collect Stickers ancient ancestors NEANDERTHAL CHILDREN MAY HAVE COLLECTED FOSSILS, JUST LIKE MODERN KIDS COLLECT STICKERS 2 days ago 5 160 link to article The Freak Timing Of Our Uranus Visit May Have Misled Us For Years, The World’s Largest Coral Colony Has Been Discovered, And Much More This Week Humans THE FREAK TIMING OF OUR URANUS VISIT MAY HAVE MISLED US FOR YEARS, THE WORLD’S LARGEST CORAL COLONY HAS BEEN DISCOVERED, AND MUCH MORE THIS WEEK 4 days ago 47 link to article Aztec Death Whistles Have A Terrifying Effect On Listeners’ Brains ancient ancestors AZTEC DEATH WHISTLES HAVE A TERRIFYING EFFECT ON LISTENERS’ BRAINS 5 days ago 2 60 More Humans Stories HEALTH AND MEDICINE link to article Can Exercise Help Heal Damaged Neurons? medicine CAN EXERCISE HELP HEAL DAMAGED NEURONS? Yesterday 61 link to article Why Does Spicy Food Make Your Nose Run? health WHY DOES SPICY FOOD MAKE YOUR NOSE RUN? 2 days ago 53 link to article Climate Change Behind 19 Percent Of Global Dengue Burden – And It Could Get Higher health CLIMATE CHANGE BEHIND 19 PERCENT OF GLOBAL DENGUE BURDEN – AND IT COULD GET HIGHER 2 days ago 42 link to article “Exercise-In-A-Pill” Could Bring Dementia-Fighting Benefits To People Who Can't Work Out neuroscience “EXERCISE-IN-A-PILL” COULD BRING DEMENTIA-FIGHTING BENEFITS TO PEOPLE WHO CAN'T WORK OUT 2 days ago 43 More Health and Medicine Stories NATURE link to article The World’s Longest Parasites Can Reach A Stomach-Churning 40 Meters Long animals THE WORLD’S LONGEST PARASITES CAN REACH A STOMACH-CHURNING 40 METERS LONG Yesterday 87 link to article Gray, Red, Or Ethiopian: What Is The Largest Wolf Species? animals GRAY, RED, OR ETHIOPIAN: WHAT IS THE LARGEST WOLF SPECIES? Yesterday 78 link to article Scientists Resurrect 145-Year-Old Shipwreck Seeds. Now, They Want To Make Whiskey plants SCIENTISTS RESURRECT 145-YEAR-OLD SHIPWRECK SEEDS. NOW, THEY WANT TO MAKE WHISKEY Yesterday 54 link to article “Extraordinary” Mouse Created Using Gene That’s Older Than Animal Life Itself animals “EXTRAORDINARY” MOUSE CREATED USING GENE THAT’S OLDER THAN ANIMAL LIFE ITSELF Yesterday 12 140 More Nature Stories SPACE AND PHYSICS link to article What Are The Chances Of An Asteroid Hitting The Earth Soon? Astronomy WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF AN ASTEROID HITTING THE EARTH SOON? Yesterday 6 230 link to article Shape Of A Single Photon Revealed For First Time Thanks To New Computer Model physics SHAPE OF A SINGLE PHOTON REVEALED FOR FIRST TIME THANKS TO NEW COMPUTER MODEL Yesterday 4 150 link to article You Might Be Able To Use A Mug Of Hot Drink As A Particle Detector physics YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO USE A MUG OF HOT DRINK AS A PARTICLE DETECTOR Yesterday 62 link to article Densest Ultra-Short Period Planet Discovered 750 Light-Years From Earth Astronomy DENSEST ULTRA-SHORT PERIOD PLANET DISCOVERED 750 LIGHT-YEARS FROM EARTH 2 days ago 28 More Space and Physics Stories TECHNOLOGY link to article Why Do We Use Gasoline For Small Vehicles And Diesel Fuel For Big Vehicles? Technology WHY DO WE USE GASOLINE FOR SMALL VEHICLES AND DIESEL FUEL FOR BIG VEHICLES? 2 days ago 6 160 link to article How Do Tokamaks Work And Are They The Future Of Energy? future HOW DO TOKAMAKS WORK AND ARE THEY THE FUTURE OF ENERGY? 4 days ago 58 link to article Is Animal Testing Necessary – And Where Are We On Alternatives? Technology IS ANIMAL TESTING NECESSARY – AND WHERE ARE WE ON ALTERNATIVES? 5 days ago 3 130 link to article The World's First AI-Generated Game Is Playable By Anyone Online, And It Is Surreal Technology THE WORLD'S FIRST AI-GENERATED GAME IS PLAYABLE BY ANYONE ONLINE, AND IT IS SURREAL 6 days ago 5 110 More Technology Stories CULTURE AND SOCIETY link to article Don’t Give Birth In Thermal Springs, No Wolf Impressions, And Other Oddly Specific US National Park Rules policy DON’T GIVE BIRTH IN THERMAL SPRINGS, NO WOLF IMPRESSIONS, AND OTHER ODDLY SPECIFIC US NATIONAL PARK RULES Yesterday 47 link to article Cross This Tiny Bridge, And You’ll Be In A New Country – And A New Time Zone Culture and Society CROSS THIS TINY BRIDGE, AND YOU’LL BE IN A NEW COUNTRY – AND A NEW TIME ZONE Yesterday 84 link to article The Most Universally Understood Word In The World Appears In So Many Languages social sciences THE MOST UNIVERSALLY UNDERSTOOD WORD IN THE WORLD APPEARS IN SO MANY LANGUAGES Yesterday 20 72 link to article The World’s Longest Pier Is Over 8,000 Meters From End To End Culture and Society THE WORLD’S LONGEST PIER IS OVER 8,000 METERS FROM END TO END Yesterday 69 More Culture and Society Stories Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement Advertisement FEATURES link to article Are We Breathing Caesar’s Last Breath And Cleopatra’s Perfume With Each Inhale? chemistry ARE WE BREATHING CAESAR’S LAST BREATH AND CLEOPATRA’S PERFUME WITH EACH INHALE? That’s not all of the ancient dictators that we breathe in! 13 hours ago 23 link to article Linear A: One Of Europe's First Writing Systems Remains Undeciphered To This Day Humans LINEAR A: ONE OF EUROPE'S FIRST WRITING SYSTEMS REMAINS UNDECIPHERED TO THIS DAY There is no Rosetta Stone to crack the code of Linear A. 13 hours ago 1 29 More Features MULTIMEDIA link to article The Oldest Text In The World ancient ancestors THE OLDEST TEXT IN THE WORLD November 6, 2024 4 link to article What Are Axolotls? animals WHAT ARE AXOLOTLS? October 25, 2024 110 link to article Take A Glimpse Into The Universe Like Never Before Space and Physics TAKE A GLIMPSE INTO THE UNIVERSE LIKE NEVER BEFORE October 19, 2024 1 52 More Multimedia Advertisement Advertisement IFLScience Home YouTubeYoutube The IFLScience Home Newsletter Sign up today to get weekly science coverage direct to your inbox Subscribe Today NAVIGATION * Home * Team * About * Careers * Subscribe CONTACT * Contact * Write For Us * Submit News * Advertise With Us * Report Website Issues EDITORIAL * Editorial Mission * Correction Policy * Comment Policy * Transparency Policy * Fact-Checking Policy LEGAL * Terms of use * Cookie Policy * Privacy Policy * Advertising Policy * Corporate Social Responsibility * Change Cookie Settings * Do Not Sell © 2024 IFLScience. All Rights Reserved. RSS By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Cookies Settings Accept All Cookies PRIVACY PREFERENCE CENTER * YOUR PRIVACY * PERFORMANCE COOKIES * FUNCTIONAL COOKIES * TARGETING COOKIES * STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES YOUR PRIVACY When you visit any website, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. This information might be about you, your preferences or your device and is mostly used to make the site work as you expect it to. The information does not usually directly identify you, but it can give you a more personalized web experience. Because we respect your right to privacy, you can choose not to allow some types of cookies. Click on the different category headings to find out more and change our default settings. However, blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer. More information PERFORMANCE COOKIES Performance Cookies These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. FUNCTIONAL COOKIES Functional Cookies These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly. TARGETING COOKIES Targeting Cookies These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising. STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES Always Active These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information. Back Button COOKIE LIST Filter Button Consent Leg.Interest checkbox label label checkbox label label checkbox label label Clear checkbox label label Apply Cancel Confirm My Choices Allow All