www.niddk.nih.gov Open in urlscan Pro
2600:141b:f000:d82::2d30  Public Scan

Form analysis
1 forms found in the DOM

GET /search

<form class="dk-site-search" id="site-search" action="/search" method="GET" aria-label="Site search">
  <button type="button" class="close-mobile-site-search" aria-label="Close search"><i class="i-times"></i></button>
  <div class="site-search-info">Search for Information from NIDDK</div>
  <button type="button" class="ss-options" title="Change search scope" aria-label="Select scope" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="site-search-opts">
    <i class="i-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i>
  </button>
  <ul id="site-search-opts" role="menu" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Scope options">
    <li role="menuitemradio" data-value="all" aria-checked="true">Entire Site</li>
    <li role="menuitemradio" data-value="research">Research &amp; Funding</li>
    <li role="menuitemradio" data-value="health-info">Health Information</li>
    <li role="menuitemradio" data-value="news">News</li>
    <li role="menuitemradio" data-value="about">About NIDDK</li>
  </ul>
  <input type="hidden" name="s" value="all">
  <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search Entire Site…" aria-label="Site search terms">
  <button type="submit" class="ss-go" title="Search Entire Site">Search</button>
</form>

Text Content

Skip to main content


An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Here’s how you know
Official government website icon

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United
States.

icon-https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( Lock Locked padlock icon ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to
the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Menu
Search for Information from NIDDK
 * Entire Site
 * Research & Funding
 * Health Information
 * News
 * About NIDDK

Search
Home
Research & Funding Expand Research & Funding
Current Funding Opportunities
Research Programs & Contacts
Human Subjects Research
Funding Process
Research Training & Career Development
Funded Grants & Grant History
Research Resources
Research at NIDDK
Technology Advancement & Transfer
Meetings & Workshops
Health Information Expand Health Information
Health Topics
Diabetes
Digestive Diseases
Kidney Disease
Weight Management
Liver Disease
Urologic Diseases
Endocrine Diseases
Diet & Nutrition
Blood Diseases
Diagnostic Tests
La información de la salud en español
Health Statistics
Healthy Moments Radio Broadcast
Clinical Trials
For Health Professionals
Diabetes Discoveries & Practice Blog
Community Health & Outreach
News Expand News
News Archive
For Reporters
Meetings & Workshops
Media Library
Follow Us
About NIDDK Expand About NIDDK
Meet the Director
Offices & Divisions
Staff Directory
Budget & Legislative Information
Advisory & Coordinating Committees
Strategic Plans & Reports
Research Areas
FAQs
Jobs at NIDDK
Visit Us
Contact Us
NIDDK 75th Anniversary

 1. Home
 2. Health Information
 3. Weight Management
 4. Helping Your Child Who Is Overweight

Related Topics
English
 * English
 * Español

Weight Management
 * Binge Eating Disorder Show child pages
   * Definition & Facts
   * Symptoms & Causes
   * Diagnosis & Treatment
   * Clinical Trials
 * Body Weight Planner
 * Choosing a Safe & Successful Weight-loss Program
 * Food Portions: Choosing Just Enough for You
 * Healthy Eating & Physical Activity for Life Show child pages
   * Health Tips for Adults
   * Health Tips for Pregnant Women
   * Health Tips for Older Adults
   * Clinical Trials
 * Helping Your Child Who Is Overweight
 * Keep Active & Eat Healthy to Improve Well-being & Feel Great
 * Prescription Medications to Treat Overweight & Obesity
 * Some Myths about Nutrition & Physical Activity
 * Staying Active at Any Size
 * Take Charge of Your Health: A Guide for Teenagers
 * Tips to Help You Get Active Show child pages
   * Benefits
   * Starting Physical Activity
   * Keep Moving
   * Clinical Trials
 * Understanding Adult Overweight & Obesity Show child pages
   * Definition & Facts
   * Factors Affecting Weight & Health
   * Am I at a Healthy Weight?
   * Health Risks
   * Eating & Physical Activity
   * Treatment
   * Clinical Trials
 * Weight-loss (Metabolic & Bariatric) Surgery Show child pages
   * Types of Weight-loss Surgery
   * Weight-loss Surgery Benefits
   * Weight-loss Surgery Side Effects
   * Potential Candidates for Weight-loss Surgery
   * Clinical Trials


HELPING YOUR CHILD WHO IS OVERWEIGHT

On this page:

 * How common are overweight and obesity among children?
 * What causes overweight and obesity in children?
 * What are the health risks of being overweight or having obesity?
 * How can I tell if my child is overweight?
 * Does my child need to lose weight?
 * How can I help my child reach and stay at a healthy weight?
 * How can I support my child?
 * What other treatments may help my child reach a healthy weight?
 * Clinical Trials for Overweight and Obesity in Children

Children gain weight as they grow and develop, so it’s not always easy to tell
if your child is overweight. For some children, extra weight goes away as they
grow taller. But some children who continue to gain too much weight over time
may develop obesity. Obesity is a disease that increases the risk of developing
many health problems. Having obesity as a child or teen also makes it more
likely your child will have obesity and related health problems as an adult.1

It’s not always easy to tell if your child is overweight.

As a parent or other caregiver, you may be able to help your child reach and
stay at a healthy weight by working together to adopt healthy lifestyle habits,
such as

 * consuming healthy foods and beverages
 * being physically active every day
 * limiting screen time
 * getting enough sleep

If you’re not sure what changes to make, ask a health care professional for
guidance. Your child’s doctor, a nurse practitioner, a registered dietitian, a
weight-control specialist, or another health care professional can identify
lifestyle habits that support healthy child growth and development. These habits
may also help your child reach and stay at a healthy weight. A health care
professional can also discuss other treatments for overweight and obesity that
may help your child reach a healthy weight.


HOW COMMON ARE OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG CHILDREN?

Overweight and obesity are common among children and teens in the United States.
Among young people ages 2 to 19 years, about

 * 16.1% are overweight2
 * 19.7% have obesity3

Obesity rates increase as children get older. Obesity is also more common among
children from certain racial and ethnic minority groups. Among children and
teens ages 2 to 19, obesity affects about3

 * 26.2% of Hispanic youth
 * 24.8% of non-Hispanic Black youth
 * 16.6% of non-Hispanic White youth
 * 9.0% of non-Hispanic Asian youth


WHAT CAUSES OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN CHILDREN?

Many factors can contribute to overweight and obesity in children, including4,5

 * genes and family history
 * regularly taking in more calories from foods and beverages than their bodies
   need
 * not getting enough physical activity
 * not getting enough sleep
 * some medical conditions and medicines

A child’s weight can also be affected by the mother’s pregnancy. If a mother has
obesity or gains too much weight during pregnancy, it increases the chance that
the child will be born larger than expected and develop obesity later in life.6

Genes and family history can also affect your child’s weight.


WHAT ARE THE HEALTH RISKS OF BEING OVERWEIGHT OR HAVING OBESITY?

Being overweight or having obesity can increase the chances that your child may
develop health problems, such as4

 * breathing problems
 * joint pain
 * high blood pressure
 * high cholesterol
 * nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
 * type 2 diabetes

Some children who are overweight or have obesity may experience weight-related
teasing or bullying, which can affect their mental health. Children with
overweight or obesity may have a higher risk of developing mental health
problems, including5

 * low self-esteem
 * depression NIH external link
 * eating disorders NIH external link


HOW CAN I TELL IF MY CHILD IS OVERWEIGHT?

One way to find out if your child is at a healthy weight is by calculating his
or her body mass index (BMI), a measurement based on a person’s height and
weight. The next step is to compare your child’s BMI with the BMI of other
children who are the same age and sex, based on growth charts from the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This will give your child’s
“BMI-for-age percentile,” a number that can tell you if your child is
underweight, is at a healthy weight, is overweight, or has obesity.

This online tool External link from the CDC lets you calculate your child’s BMI
and BMI-for-age percentile.


DOES MY CHILD NEED TO LOSE WEIGHT?

If you are worried about your child’s weight, talk with your health care
professional. In many cases, children who are overweight don’t need to lose
weight, but they need to gain weight more slowly as they continue to grow in
height. To determine if your child weighs too much or is gaining weight too
quickly, your health care professional will consider many factors, such as4

 * your child’s age, weight, height, and BMI-for-age percentile
 * your child’s overall health
 * how fast your child is growing
 * whether your child has any weight-related health problems, such as high blood
   pressure or high cholesterol
 * your child’s family history of obesity and related health problems

If you’re worried about your child’s weight, talk with your health care
professional.


HOW CAN I HELP MY CHILD REACH AND STAY AT A HEALTHY WEIGHT?

Your child may be able to reach and stay at a healthy weight if you help them
adopt healthier lifestyle habits, such as following a healthy eating plan,
getting regular physical activity, limiting screen time, and getting enough
sleep.


EATING PLAN

Children need meals and snacks that are high in nutrients to help them grow. The
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025 External link recommend that
children consume a variety of foods and beverages, including

 * fruits External link and vegetables External link
 * whole grains External link
 * fat-free or low-fat dairy products or nondairy beverages fortified with added
   calcium, vitamin A NIH external link, and vitamin D
 * foods high in protein External link

The guidelines also recommend children limit foods and beverages that are high
in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium  or salt. These foods and beverages
can add a lot of extra calories without adding much nutrition. Here are some
tips for replacing them with healthier options.

 * Eat fast food less often. When you do, order healthier side dishes—such as
   soup or fruit salad—instead of fries.
 * Replace high-fat protein foods—such as sausage and fried chicken—with leaner
   options, such as turkey breast, beans, or tofu.
 * Replace highly processed foods with whole foods like fruits, vegetables,
   whole grains, nuts, and seeds.
 * Instead of sugary sodas, serve water, low-fat or fat-free milk, or fortified
   nondairy beverages.
 * Place healthy foods and beverages where they are easy to see and reach. Keep
   high-calorie foods and beverages out of sight—or don’t buy them at all.
   Replace the cookie jar with a fruit bowl.

If your child is overweight or is gaining weight too quickly, cutting back on
high-calorie foods and beverages can help. Here are some ways to help your child
cut back on extra calories.

 * To prevent snacking throughout the day, make sure your child eats regular
   meals, starting with a healthy breakfast.
 * Learn about age-appropriate portion sizes and how to avoid serving oversized
   portions. Repackage high-calorie snacks in smaller containers.
 * Avoid letting your child eat in front of the television, computer, or other
   electronic devices.

Make healthy food options available and within easy reach of your child.

Childhood is the ideal time to develop healthy eating habits that your child can
carry into adulthood. To help your child develop a healthy attitude toward food
and eating

 * Don’t make your child finish all the food on the plate.
 * Don’t use food to reward or punish your child. Promising dessert for eating
   vegetables sends a message that vegetables are less valuable than dessert.

The MyPlate External link website, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
offers many other tips and resources External link on healthy eating, including
guidance on healthy eating on a budget External link.


PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition External link(PDF,
14.5 MB) recommend that children ages 3 to 5 be physically active throughout the
day to help them grow and develop.

Older children ages 6 to 17 should get at least 1 hour of physical activity
every day. Their activities should include

 * aerobic activities, such as running, biking, or dancing.
 * activities that strengthen the muscles, such as climbing on playground
   equipment or playing games such as tug of war. These muscle-strengthening
   activities should be part of your child’s physical activity at least 3 days a
   week.
 * activities that strengthen the bones, such as jumping rope or playing
   basketball. Bone-strengthening activities should be part of your child’s
   physical activity at least 3 days a week.

As a parent or other caregiver, you can play a key role in helping your child be
more active. Options for adding more physical activity to your child’s daily
routine include

 * organized sports—including team sports—and fitness activities
 * active play, including group walks, biking, outdoor activities and chores,
   and dog walking
 * walking or biking to nearby places, rather than driving or using public
   transportation

Help your child be more active by doing fun activities outdoors.


SCREEN TIME

Research suggests that kids who spend a lot of time watching television and who
have a television in their bedrooms may have a higher risk of having childhood
obesity.7 Experts recommend limiting how much time children spend watching
television, playing video games, or using smartphones or other devices when not
using them for schoolwork.

An easy rule of thumb is to limit screen time not spent on schoolwork to 1 to 2
hours per day.8 Another option is to set screen time limits for each person in
your household. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that parents and
other caregivers of children ages 5 and older work with a health care
professional to create a Family Media Use Plan External link.9

To limit your child’s screen time7,9

 * Turn off televisions and other media when not in use.
 * Turn off all entertainment while your child is doing homework.
 * Keep bedrooms and mealtimes screen-free for everyone in your household.
 * Don’t eat while watching television or using other screens.


SLEEP HABITS

Just like following a healthy eating plan and engaging in regular physical
activity, getting enough sleep is important for your child’s mental and physical
health. Getting enough sleep can help your child do well in school, fight off
illnesses and infections, and reach and maintain a healthy weight.10,11

Children need more sleep than adults. Recommended sleep time varies by age.11
The table below shows the amount of sleep recommended for each age group.

Recommended sleep time for children and teens

 

Age Recommended Hours of Sleep a Day 4 to 12 months 12–16 hours 1 to 2 years
11–14 hours 3 to 5 years 10–13 hours 6 to 12 years 9–12 hours 13 to 18 years
8–10 hours

Having a television, computer, or mobile device in the bedroom—or spending a lot
of time using these devices during the day—may delay or disrupt your child’s
sleep.7,9 The blue light from screens can block the production of a
hormone called melatonin NIH external link that supports healthy sleep,
especially when children have screen time before bedtime. Viewing media content
that is exciting or engaging may also keep children awake past their bedtimes.

Exposure to blue light from screens before bedtime can make it harder for your
child to fall asleep.

To help your child get enough sleep at night

 * Keep televisions, video games, mobile phones, and other screens out of your
   child’s bedroom.
 * Set a bedtime that will allow your child to get a full night of sleep.
 * Provide a calm atmosphere for sleep before bedtime.
 * Help your child avoid screen time in the hour before bedtime.


HOW CAN I SUPPORT MY CHILD?

There are several things you can do to help your child adopt healthy lifestyle
habits.


TEACH YOUR CHILD ABOUT HEALTHY CHOICES

Talk with your child about health, including

 * how regular physical activity, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep help
   our bodies get strong and stay healthy
 * how to make healthy choices about food, drinks, and activities at school, at
   friends’ houses, and at other places outside your home
 * how balancing the amount of food and beverages we take in with how active we
   are during the day will help us reach and maintain a healthy weight


BE A GOOD ROLE MODEL

Children are good learners, and they often copy what they see. Be a good role
model by making healthy lifestyle choices yourself.

 * Adopt healthy lifestyle habits, and encourage your loved ones to do the same.
 * Buy fewer foods and beverages that can lead to weight gain, including
   sugar-sweetened drinks and snacks high in fat and sugar. When buying these
   items for a special event, remove them as soon as the event is over.
 * Get the whole family involved in building healthy eating, drinking, physical
   activity, and sleep habits. Everyone benefits, and your child won’t feel
   singled out.

Help your child build healthy eating habits by being a role model.


BE SUPPORTIVE

Children need support, understanding, and encouragement from caring adults.
Their feelings about themselves are often based on how they think their parents
and other caregivers feel about them. Tell your child that they are loved,
special, and important.

Studies suggest that a parenting style that combines setting rules and limits
with warmth—called authoritative parenting—may help children adopt healthy
behaviors that support a healthy weight.5,12 Children in homes that use this
style of parenting tend to understand authority and rules, but also feel
comfortable seeking support from their caregivers.

Motivate your child to make healthy lifestyle choices by

 * listening to your child’s concerns
 * encouraging healthy behaviors and setting limits for less healthy choices
 * making it easier to choose healthy foods and beverages by keeping less
   healthy options out of your home
 * helping your child set goals for physical activity and healthy eating, and
   tracking their progress
 * rewarding your child’s successes with praise and love
 * sharing information about these lifestyle choices with other caregivers, such
   as babysitters or grandparents, so they can also help your child adopt the
   new behaviors


WHAT OTHER TREATMENTS MAY HELP MY CHILD REACH A HEALTHY WEIGHT?

Your health care professional may recommend a weight-loss plan tailored to your
child’s needs or refer you to a weight-management specialist or a registered
dietitian. Your local hospital, a community health clinic, or the health
department may offer weight-management programs for children and teens or have
information about where your child can enroll in one. Don’t put your child on a
weight-loss plan without the help of your health care professional.

If your child is 12 or older and has obesity, ask your health care professional
about other treatment options, such as

 * weight-management medicines for children ages 12 and older
 * weight-loss surgery, also called bariatric and metabolic surgery, for teens
   ages 13 and older

Treatments such as medicines and surgery don’t replace lifestyle changes as a
way for your child to lose weight. These treatments work best when your child is
physically active and consumes healthy foods and beverages.13

Tell your child that they are loved, special, and important.


CLINICAL TRIALS FOR OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN CHILDREN

NIDDK conducts and supports clinical trials in many diseases and conditions,
including overweight and obesity. The trials look to find new ways to prevent,
detect, or treat disease and improve quality of life.


WHY ARE CLINICAL TRIALS WITH CHILDREN IMPORTANT?

Children respond to medicines and treatments differently than adults. The way to
get the best treatments for children is through research designed specifically
for them.

We have already made great strides in improving children’s health outcomes
through clinical trials and other types of clinical studies NIH external link.
Vaccines, treatments for children with cancer, and interventions for premature
babies are just a few examples of how this targeted research can help. However,
we still have many questions to answer and more children waiting to benefit.

The data gathered from trials and studies involving children help health care
professionals and researchers

 * find the best dose of medicines for children
 * find treatments for conditions that only affect children
 * treat conditions that behave differently in children than in adults
 * understand the differences in children as they grow


HOW DO I DECIDE IF A CLINICAL TRIAL IS RIGHT FOR MY CHILD?

We understand you have many questions, want to weigh the pros and cons, and need
to learn as much as possible. Deciding to enroll in a study can be life changing
for you and for your child. Depending on the outcome of the study, your child
may find relief from their condition, see no benefit, or help to improve the
health of future generations.

Talk with your child and consider what would be expected. What could be the
potential benefit or harm? Would you need to travel? Is my child well enough to
participate? While parents or guardians must give their permission, or consent,
for their children to join a study, the children must also agree to participate,
if they are capable (verbal). In the end, no choice is right or wrong. Your
decision is about what is best for your child.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is committed to ensuring you get all the
information you need to feel comfortable and make informed decisions. The safety
of children remains the utmost priority for all NIH research studies. For more
resources to help decide if clinical trials are right for your child, visit
Clinical Trials and You: Parents and Children NIH external link.


WHAT ASPECTS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY ARE BEING STUDIED IN CHILDREN?

Researchers are studying many aspects of overweight and obesity, such as

 * parenting approaches that can prevent infants from developing overweight or
   obesity
 * eating behaviors of teens who have overweight or obesity
 * how a mother’s weight during pregnancy may affect the child’s weight
 * how changes in the brain affect the weight of children
 * how children from low-income families are affected by overweight and obesity
 * how treatments such as medicines or surgery may help teens with severe
   obesity

Watch a video of NIDDK Director Dr. Griffin P. Rodgers explaining the importance
of participating in clinical trials.




WHAT CLINICAL STUDIES FOR OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY ARE AVAILABLE FOR CHILD
PARTICIPANTS?

You can view a filtered list of clinical studies on overweight or obesity in
children that are federally funded, open, and recruiting at
www.ClinicalTrials.gov NIH external link. You can expand or narrow the list to
include clinical studies from industry, universities, and individuals; however,
NIH does not review these studies and cannot ensure they are safe. If you find a
trial you think may be right for your child, talk with your child’s health care
provider about how to enroll.


REFERENCES

[1] Drozdz D, Alvarez-Pitti J, Wójcik M, et al. Obesity and cardiometabolic risk
factors: from childhood to adulthood. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):1–20.
doi:10.3390/nu13114176

[2] Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Afful J. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe
obesity among children and adolescents aged 2–19 years: United States, 1963–1965
through 2017–2018. NCHS Health E-Stats. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention; 2020.
www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity-child-17-18/overweight-obesity-child-H.pdf
External link (PDF, 352 KB)

[3] Stierman B, Afful J, Carroll MD, et al. National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey 2017–March 2020 prepandemic data files: Development of files
and prevalence estimates for selected health outcomes. National Health
Statistics Reports. 2021;(158):1–20. doi:10.15620/cdc:106273

[4] Kohut T, Robbins J, Panganiban J. Update on childhood/adolescent obesity and
its sequela. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2019;31(5):645–653.
doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000786

[5] Smith JD, Fu E, Kobayashi MA. Prevention and management of childhood obesity
and its psychological and health comorbidities. Annual Review of Clinical
Psychology. 2020;16:351–378. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-100219-060201

[6] Godfrey KM, Reynolds RM, Prescott SL, et al. Influence of maternal obesity
on the long-term health of offspring. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology.
2017;5(1):53–64. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30107-3

[7] Council on Communications and Media. Media and young minds. Pediatrics.
2016;138(5):1–6. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2591

[8] Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, et al. Pediatric obesity—assessment,
treatment, and prevention: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2017;102(3):709–757.
doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2573

[9] Hill D, Ameenuddin N, Chassiakos YLR, et al. Media use in school-aged
children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):1–6.
doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2592

[10] Daniels SR, Hassink SG, Abrams SA, et al. The role of the pediatrician in
primary prevention of obesity. Pediatrics. 2015;136(1):e275–e292.
doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1558

[11] Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, et al. Recommended amount of sleep for
pediatric populations: a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep
Medicine. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2016;12(6):785–786.
doi:10.5664/jcsm.5866

[12] Kiefner-Burmeister A, Hinman N. The role of general parenting style in
child diet and obesity risk. Current Nutrition Reports. 2020;9(1):14–30.
doi:10.1007/s13668-020-00301-9

[13] Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for
the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity.
Pediatrics. 2023;151(2):e2022060640. doi:10.1542/peds.2022-060640

Last Reviewed March 2023
Share this page
Print Facebook X Email More Options WhatsApp LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest Copy Link

This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of
Health. NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase
knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health
professionals, and the public. Content produced by NIDDK is carefully reviewed
by NIDDK scientists and other experts.




NIDDK would like to thank:
Thomas Robinson, M.D., M.P.H., Stanford University








CONTACT US

Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET, Monday - Friday
Email: healthinfo@niddk.nih.gov Phone: +1-800-860-8747 TTY: +711
@NIDDKgov


CHAT

Live Chat Available
8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. ET
Monday - Friday


FOLLOW US

LinkedIn X Facebook YouTube Instagram

NIH… Turning Discovery Into Health ®

 * Privacy Policy
 * Freedom of Information Act
 * Accessibility
 * Disclaimers
 * Copyright
 * Vulnerability Disclosure Policy

 * Site Map
 * For Staff Only
 * Get Email Updates

 * U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
 * National Institutes of Health

Close navigation