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Business News›News›Defence›Syria chemical weapons: 'large quantities' and major
questions



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SYRIA CHEMICAL WEAPONS: 'LARGE QUANTITIES' AND MAJOR QUESTIONS

SECTIONS
Syria chemical weapons: 'large quantities' and major questions
By AFPLast Updated: Dec 09, 2024, 09:32:00 PM IST
Synopsis


FOLLOWING THE OVERTHROW OF SYRIAN PRESIDENT BASHAR AL-ASSAD BY ISLAMIST REBELS,
CONCERNS HAVE RISEN OVER THE SECURITY OF SYRIA'S CHEMICAL WEAPONS STOCKPILE. THE
OPCW HAS LONG SUSPECTED UNDECLARED WEAPONS REMAIN, AND PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
HAVE BLAMED SYRIA FOR CHEMICAL ATTACKS.

IANSJerusalem/Damascus, Dec 9 (IANS) Israel will broaden its military operations
in Syria to target advanced weapons storage facilities, Israeli officials said
Monday.
The world's chemical weapons watchdog has been probing Syria's stockpiles since
2013, encountering delays, obstructions, and suspicions that Damascus was not
giving a full picture.

Here are some key questions in the wake of President Bashar al-Assad's dramatic
overthrow by Islamist rebels that has thrown up uncertainty over control of the
suspected arsenal.



Israel has already announced bombing raids on "remaining chemical weapons" to
stop them falling into the wrong hands.


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WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION?

The director-general of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
(OPCW) voiced his "serious concern" over Syria's potential stockpiles on
November 25.

Fernando Arias said there could be "large quantities of potentially undeclared
or unverified chemical warfare agents and chemical munitions" still in Syria.


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Since 2014, the OPCW has raised 26 separate questions over potential stockpiles
with the Syrian authorities. Only seven have been resolved.



"Despite more than a decade of intensive work, the Syrian Arab Republic chemical
weapons dossier still cannot be closed," he said at the OPCW annual meeting.



On Monday, the OPCW said it had contacted Syrian authorities to stress the
"paramount importance" of securing the weapons.




WHAT DID SYRIA DECLARE?

Under Russian and US pressure, Syria in September 2013 agreed to join the OPCW
and disclose and hand over its toxic stockpile to avert the threat of US and
allied air strikes.

This came after a chemical attack in the Ghouta suburb of Damascus that crossed
the "red line" set by then US president Barack Obama.

The attack on East Ghouta, which killed more than 1,000 according to US
intelligence, was attributed to the Syrian government, which denied involvement
and blamed the rebels.

In January 2016, the OPCW announced the complete removal and destruction of
1,300 metric tonnes of chemical weapons from Syria that the authorities had
declared.

But the OPCW suspects that Syria's initial 2013 declaration was riddled with
"gaps and inconsistencies".

Lennie Phillips, senior research fellow at the London-based Royal United
Services Institute, told AFP: "I think it's fairly clear that the declaration
never was complete and they do have chemical weapons still stored somewhere."




WHY DID THE OPCW SUSPEND SYRIA?

In 2021, OPCW members stripped Syria of voting rights after a probe blamed
Damascus for poison gas attacks carried out after they had claimed the stockpile
was no more.

The watchdog found the Syrian air force had used the nerve agent sarin and
chlorine gas in three attacks on the village of Lataminah in 2017.

Pressure further mounted when a second OPCW investigation concluded a Syrian
helicopter dropped a chlorine bomb on the rebel-held town of Saraqib in 2018.

Damascus then failed to adhere to a 90-day deadline to declare the weapons used
in the attacks, reveal its remaining stocks and comply with OPCW inspections.




WHAT EVIDENCE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS USE?

In 2014, the OPCW set up what it called a "fact-finding mission" to investigate
chemical weapons use in Syria.

This team has issued 21 reports covering 74 instances of alleged chemical
weapons use, according to the OPCW.

Investigators concluded that chemical weapons were used or likely used in 20
instances.

In 14 of these cases, the chemical used was chlorine. Sarin was used in three
cases and mustard agent was employed in the remaining three.




WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE?

The OPCW also established a second unit, known as the investigation and
identification team (IIT), to establish responsibility for the use of chemical
weapons.

Using forensic analysis, witness interviews, and medical tests on victims, this
team concluded the Syrian army was behind three attacks.

In addition to the 2017 Lataminah attack and the 2018 attack on Saraqib, this
team also accused Syria of a chlorine attack on the rebel-held town of Douma in
2018 that killed 43 people.

The IIT also concluded that the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant carried out
a chemical weapons attack in September 2015 in the Syrian town of Marea.




WHAT NEXT?

World powers are scrambling to ensure the stockpiles do not now fall into the
wrong hands.

A senior US administration official said the US military has "good fidelity" on
the weapons' location.

"We're doing everything we can to prudently ensure that those materials...
obviously are either not available to anyone or are cared for."

Meanwhile, Israel's foreign minister said his country's warplanes had struck
"remaining chemical weapons in order that they will not fall in the hands of
extremists."

The Islamist Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) rebels who deposed Assad have said they
"do not have any intention or desire" to use chemical weapons.

"I would think that they would want some sort of external input to help them
either remove those chemical weapons or destroy those chemical weapons," RUSI's
Phillips said.






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READ MORE NEWS ON

Syria chemical weaponsOPCWchemical warfare agentsIsrael bombing Syriachemical
weapons inspectionsIslamist rebels Syriachemical weapons stockpilesOPCW
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 * USE LIMITED DATA TO SELECT CONTENT 109 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE
   
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   Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such
   as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device
   type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example,
   to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
   
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   Object to Legitimate Interests Remove Objection

List of IAB Vendors‎

USE PRECISE GEOLOCATION DATA 233 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS SPECIAL FEATURE

Use precise geolocation data


With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500
metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.

List of IAB Vendors‎

ACTIVELY SCAN DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS FOR IDENTIFICATION 113 PARTNERS CAN USE
THIS SPECIAL FEATURE

Actively scan device characteristics for identification


With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be
requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed
fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes
explained in this notice.

List of IAB Vendors‎

ENSURE SECURITY, PREVENT AND DETECT FRAUD, AND FIX ERRORS 473 PARTNERS CAN USE
THIS SPECIAL PURPOSE

Always Active

Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent
activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure
systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct
any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery
of content and ads and in your interaction with them.

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DELIVER AND PRESENT ADVERTISING AND CONTENT 471 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS SPECIAL
PURPOSE

Always Active

Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to
ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to
facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.

List of IAB Vendors‎ | View Illustrations 

MATCH AND COMBINE DATA FROM OTHER DATA SOURCES 332 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS FEATURE

Always Active

Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with
other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for
instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card
in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in
this notice.

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LINK DIFFERENT DEVICES 302 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS FEATURE

Always Active

In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be
considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your
household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both
your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet
connection on both devices).

List of IAB Vendors‎

IDENTIFY DEVICES BASED ON INFORMATION TRANSMITTED AUTOMATICALLY 441 PARTNERS CAN
USE THIS FEATURE

Always Active

Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it
automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of
your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the
purposes exposed in this notice.

List of IAB Vendors‎

SAVE AND COMMUNICATE PRIVACY CHOICES 309 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS SPECIAL PURPOSE

Always Active

The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice
are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals
(such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this
service and those entities to respect such choices.

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