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Occupational Outlook Handbook > Education, Training, and Library >


LIBRARIANS AND LIBRARY MEDIA SPECIALISTS

PRINTER-FRIENDLY

 * Summary
 * What They Do
 * Work Environment
 * How to Become One
 * Pay
 * Job Outlook
 * State & Area Data
 * Similar Occupations
 * More Info


SUMMARY

Please enable javascript to play this video.


Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyOpL1Q8N-Y.

Quick Facts: Librarians and Library Media Specialists 2021 Median Pay $61,190
per year
$29.42 per hour Typical Entry-Level Education Master's degree Work Experience in
a Related Occupation None On-the-job Training None Number of Jobs, 2020 143,500
Job Outlook, 2020-30 9% (As fast as average) Employment Change, 2020-30 13,000


WHAT LIBRARIANS AND LIBRARY MEDIA SPECIALISTS DO

Librarians and library media specialists help people find information and
conduct research for personal and professional use.


WORK ENVIRONMENT

Librarians and library media specialists work for local governments, schools,
and other organizations. Most work full time, although part-time work is common.


HOW TO BECOME A LIBRARIAN OR LIBRARY MEDIA SPECIALIST

Librarians typically need a master’s degree in library science (MLS). School
librarians and library media specialists typically need a bachelor’s or master’s
degree in a related field, along with a teaching certificate; requirements vary
by state.


PAY

The median annual wage for librarians and library media specialists was $61,190
in May 2021.


JOB OUTLOOK

Employment of librarians and library media specialists is projected to grow 9
percent from 2020 to 2030, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

About 15,200 openings for librarians and library media specialists are projected
each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to
result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or
exit the labor force, such as to retire.


STATE & AREA DATA

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for librarians and
library media specialists.


SIMILAR OCCUPATIONS

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of librarians and library
media specialists with similar occupations.


MORE INFORMATION, INCLUDING LINKS TO O*NET

Learn more about librarians and library media specialists by visiting additional
resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and
occupations.


What They Do ->



WHAT LIBRARIANS AND LIBRARY MEDIA SPECIALISTS DO ABOUT THIS SECTION

Librarian's job duties vary based on the type of library they work in, such as a
public, school, or medical library.

Librarians and library media specialists help people find information and
conduct research for personal and professional use. Their job duties may change
based on the type of setting they work in, such as public, school, or medical
libraries.


DUTIES

Librarians and library media specialists typically do the following:

 * Create and use databases of library materials
 * Organize library materials so they are easy to find
 * Help library patrons to conduct research to evaluate search results and
   reference materials
 * Research new books and materials by reading book reviews, publishers’
   announcements, and catalogs
 * Maintain existing collections and choose new books, videos, and other
   materials for purchase
 * Plan programs for different audiences, such as story time for children
 * Teach classes about information resources
 * Research computers and other equipment for purchase, as needed
 * Train and supervise library technicians, assistants, other support staff, and
   volunteers
 * Prepare library budgets

In small libraries, these workers are often responsible for many or all aspects
of library operations. In large libraries, they usually focus on one aspect of
the library, such as user services, technical services, or administrative
services.

The following are examples of types of librarians and library media specialists:

Academic librarians assist students, faculty, and staff in postsecondary
institutions. They help students research topics related to their coursework and
teach students how to access information. They also assist faculty and staff in
locating resources related to their research projects or studies. Some campuses
have multiple libraries, and librarians may specialize in a particular subject.

Administrative services librarians manage libraries, prepare budgets, and
negotiate contracts for library materials and equipment. Some conduct public
relations or fundraising activities for the library.

Public librarians work in their communities to serve all members of the public.
They help patrons find books to read for pleasure; conduct research for
schoolwork, business, or personal interest; and learn how to access the
library’s resources. Many public librarians plan programs for patrons, such as
story time for children, book clubs, or educational activities.

School librarians, sometimes called school library media specialists, typically
work in elementary, middle, and high school libraries. They teach students how
to use library resources, including technology. They also help teachers develop
lesson plans and find materials for classroom instruction.

Special librarians work in settings other than school or public libraries. They
are sometimes called information professionals. Businesses, museums, government
agencies, and many other groups have their own libraries that use special
librarians. The main purpose of these libraries and information centers is to
serve the information needs of the organization that houses the library.
Therefore, special librarians collect and organize materials focused on those
subjects. Special librarians may need an additional degree in the subject that
they specialize in. The following are examples of special librarians:

 * Corporate librarians assist employees of private businesses in conducting
   research and finding information. They work for a wide range of
   organizations, including insurance companies, consulting firms, and
   publishers.
 * Law librarians conduct research or help lawyers, judges, law clerks, and law
   students locate and analyze legal resources. They often work in law firms and
   law school libraries.
 * Medical librarians, also called health science librarians, help health
   professionals, patients, and researchers find health and science information.
   They may provide information about new clinical trials and medical treatments
   and procedures, teach medical students how to locate medical information, or
   answer consumers’ health questions.

Technical services librarians obtain, prepare, and organize print and electronic
library materials. They arrange materials for patrons’ ease in finding
information. They are also responsible for ordering new library materials and
archiving to preserve older items.

User services librarians help patrons conduct research using both electronic and
print resources. They teach patrons how to use library resources to find
information on their own. This may include familiarizing patrons with catalogs
of print materials, helping them access and search digital libraries, or
educating them on Internet search techniques. Some user services librarians work
with a particular audience, such as children or young adults.




<- Summary Work Environment ->



WORK ENVIRONMENT ABOUT THIS SECTION

Librarians plan outreach programs targeted toward different groups, such as
story time for children.

Librarians and library media specialists held about 143,500 jobs in 2020. The
largest employers of librarians and library media specialists were as follows:

Elementary and secondary schools; state, local, and private 33% Local
government, excluding education and hospitals 29 Colleges, universities, and
professional schools; state, local, and private 17 Information 8

Most librarians and library media specialists typically work on the floor with
patrons, behind the circulation desk, or in offices. Some have private offices,
but those in small libraries usually share work space with others.


WORK SCHEDULES

Most librarians and library media specialists work full time, although part-time
work is common. Public and academic librarians often work on weekends and
evenings and may work holidays. School librarians and library media specialists
usually have the same work and vacation schedules as teachers, including summers
off. Special librarians, such as corporate librarians, typically work normal
business hours but may need to work more than 40 hours per week to help meet
deadlines.


<- What They Do How to Become One ->



HOW TO BECOME A LIBRARIAN OR LIBRARY MEDIA SPECIALIST ABOUT THIS SECTION

Some librarians assist patrons with research.

Librarians typically need a master’s degree in library science (MLS). School
librarians and library media specialists typically need a bachelor’s or master’s
degree in a related field, along with a teaching certificate; requirements vary
by state.


EDUCATION

Librarians typically need a master's degree in library science. Some colleges
and universities have other names for their library science programs, such as
Master of Information Studies or Master of Library and Information Studies.
Students need a bachelor’s degree in any major to enter MLS or similar programs.

MLS programs usually take 1 to 2 years to complete. Coursework typically covers
information such as learning different research methods and strategies, online
reference systems, and Internet search techniques. The American Library
Association accredits master’s degree programs in library and information
studies.

Requirements for public school librarians and library media specialists vary by
state. Most states require an MLS or a bachelor’s or master’s degree in
education, often with a specialization related to library media.

Special librarians, such as those in a corporate, law, or medical library,
usually supplement a master’s degree in library science with knowledge of their
specialized field. Some employers require special librarians to have a master’s
degree, a professional degree, or a Ph.D. in that subject. For example, a law
librarian may be required to have a law degree.


LICENSES, CERTIFICATIONS, AND REGISTRATIONS

Public school librarians and library media specialists typically need a
teacher’s certification. Some states require school librarians to pass a
standardized test, such as the PRAXIS II Library Media Specialist test. Contact
your state department of education for details about requirements in your state.
 

Some states also require certification for librarians in public libraries.
Contact your state’s licensing board for specific requirements.


IMPORTANT QUALITIES

Communication skills. Librarians and library media specialists need to be able
to explain ideas and information in ways that patrons understand.

Initiative. New information, technology, and resources constantly change
librarians’ and library media specialists' duties. Workers must be able and
willing to continually update their knowledge of these changes to be effective
at their jobs.

Interpersonal skills. Librarians and library media specialists must be able to
work both as part of a team and with the public or with researchers.

Organizational skills. Librarians and library media specialists help patrons
research topics efficiently. They should be able to direct the logical use of
resources, databases, and other materials.

Problem-solving skills. These workers need to be able to identify a problem,
figure out where to find information to solve the problem, and draw conclusions
based on the information found.

Reading skills. Librarians and library media specialists must be excellent
readers. Those working in special libraries are expected to read the latest
literature in their field of specialization.




<- Work Environment Pay ->



PAY ABOUT THIS SECTION


LIBRARIANS AND LIBRARY MEDIA SPECIALISTS

Median annual wages, May 2021

Librarians and media collections specialists





$61,190

Librarians, curators, and archivists





$49,060

Total, all occupations





$45,760

 













Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage
Statistics

The median annual wage for librarians and library media specialists was $61,190
in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an
occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10
percent earned less than $37,300, and the highest 10 percent earned more than
$97,870.



In May 2021, the median annual wages for librarians and library media
specialists in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state, local, and private
$62,550 Elementary and secondary schools; state, local, and private 61,640 Local
government, excluding education and hospitals 60,130 Information 50,340

Most librarians and library media specialists work full time, although part-time
work is common. Public and academic librarians often work on weekends and
evenings, and may work holidays. School librarians and library media specialists
usually have the same work and vacation schedules as teachers, including summers
off. Special librarians, such as corporate librarians, typically work normal
business hours but may need to work more than 40 hours per week to help meet
deadlines.


<- How to Become One Job Outlook ->



JOB OUTLOOK ABOUT THIS SECTION


LIBRARIANS AND LIBRARY MEDIA SPECIALISTS

Percent change in employment, projected 2020-30

Librarians and media collections specialists





9%

Total, all occupations





8%

Librarians, curators, and archivists





7%

 













Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program

Employment of librarians and library media specialists is projected to grow 9
percent from 2020 to 2030, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

About 15,200 openings for librarians and library media specialists are projected
each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to
result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or
exit the labor force, such as to retire.


EMPLOYMENT

Communities are increasingly turning to libraries for a variety of services and
activities. Therefore, there will be a need for librarians to manage libraries
and help patrons find information. Parents value the learning opportunities that
libraries present for children because libraries have information and learning
materials that children often cannot access from home. In addition, the
availability of electronic information and media materials is expected to
increase the demand for these workers in research and special libraries, where
patrons may need help sorting through the large amount of digital information
and collections materials.

Employment projections data for librarians and library media specialists,
2020-30 Occupational Title SOC Code Employment, 2020 Projected Employment, 2030
Change, 2020-30 Employment by Industry Percent Numeric

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program

Librarians and media collections specialists

25-4022 143,500 156,500 9 13,000 Get data


<- Pay State & Area Data ->



STATE & AREA DATA ABOUT THIS SECTION


OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE STATISTICS (OEWS)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces
employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates
are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OEWS data maps
for employment and wages by state and area.

 * Librarians and media collections specialists


PROJECTIONS CENTRAL

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market
Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state
projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on
this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared
among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce
projections for areas; there are links to each state’s websites where these data
may be retrieved.


CAREERONESTOP

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by
state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare
occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro
area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.


<- Job Outlook Similar Occupations ->



SIMILAR OCCUPATIONS ABOUT THIS SECTION

This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those
of librarians and library media specialists.

Occupation Job Duties ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION 2021 MEDIAN PAY Adult Basic and
Secondary Education and ESL Teachers

Adult basic and secondary education and ESL (English as a Second Language)
teachers instruct adults in fundamental skills, such as reading and speaking
English. They also help students earn their high school equivalency credential.

Bachelor's degree $59,720 Archivists, Curators, and Museum Workers

Archivists and curators oversee institutions’ collections, such as of historical
items or of artwork. Museum technicians and conservators prepare and restore
items in those collections.

See How to Become One $50,120 High School Teachers

High school teachers teach academic lessons and various skills that students
will need to attend college and to enter the job market.

Bachelor's degree $61,820 Instructional Coordinators

Instructional coordinators oversee school curriculums and teaching standards.
They develop instructional material, implement it, and assess its effectiveness.

Master's degree $63,740 Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers

Kindergarten and elementary school teachers instruct young students in basic
subjects in order to prepare them for future schooling.

Bachelor's degree $61,350 Library Technicians and Assistants

Library technicians and assistants help librarians with all aspects of running a
library.

See How to Become One $34,050 Middle School Teachers

Middle school teachers educate students, typically in sixth through eighth
grades.

Bachelor's degree $61,320 Postsecondary Teachers

Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a variety of academic subjects
beyond the high school level.

See How to Become One $79,640


<- State & Area Data More Info ->



CONTACTS FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS SECTION

For more information about librarians and library media specialists, including
accredited library education programs, visit

American Library Association

For more information about becoming a school librarian or library media
specialist, contact your state board of education.

For information about medical librarians, visit

Medical Library Association

For information about law librarians, visit

American Association of Law Libraries

For information about many different types of special librarians, visit

Special Libraries Association


O*NET

Librarians and Media Collections Specialists


<- Similar Occupations

Suggested citation:

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook
Handbook, Librarians and Library Media Specialists,
at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/librarians.htm
(visited April 19, 2022).



Last Modified Date: Monday, April 18, 2022


WHAT THEY DO

The What They Do tab describes the typical duties and responsibilities of
workers in the occupation, including what tools and equipment they use and how
closely they are supervised. This tab also covers different types of
occupational specialties.


WORK ENVIRONMENT

The Work Environment tab includes the number of jobs held in the occupation and
describes the workplace, the level of physical activity expected, and typical
hours worked. It may also discuss the major industries that employed the
occupation. This tab may also describe opportunities for part-time work, the
amount and type of travel required, any safety equipment that is used, and the
risk of injury that workers may face.


HOW TO BECOME ONE

The How to Become One tab describes how to prepare for a job in the occupation.
This tab can include information on education, training, work experience,
licensing and certification, and important qualities that are required or
helpful for entering or working in the occupation.


PAY

The Pay tab describes typical earnings and how workers in the occupation are
compensated—annual salaries, hourly wages, commissions, tips, or bonuses. Within
every occupation, earnings vary by experience, responsibility, performance,
tenure, and geographic area. For most profiles, this tab has a table with wages
in the major industries employing the occupation. It does not include pay for
self-employed workers, agriculture workers, or workers in private households
because these data are not collected by the Occupational Employment and Wage
Statistics (OEWS) survey, the source of BLS wage data in the OOH.


STATE & AREA DATA

The State and Area Data tab provides links to state and area occupational data
from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program, state
projections data from Projections Central, and occupational information from the
Department of Labor's CareerOneStop.


JOB OUTLOOK

The Job Outlook tab describes the factors that affect employment growth or
decline in the occupation, and in some instances, describes the relationship
between the number of job seekers and the number of job openings.


SIMILAR OCCUPATIONS

The Similar Occupations tab describes occupations that share similar duties,
skills, interests, education, or training with the occupation covered in the
profile.


CONTACTS FOR MORE INFORMATION

The More Information tab provides the Internet addresses of associations,
government agencies, unions, and other organizations that can provide additional
information on the occupation. This tab also includes links to relevant
occupational information from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET).


2021 MEDIAN PAY

The wage at which half of the workers in the occupation earned more than that
amount and half earned less. Median wage data are from the BLS Occupational
Employment and Wage Statistics survey. In May 2021, the median annual wage for
all workers was $45,760.


ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

Additional training needed (postemployment) to attain competency in the skills
needed in this occupation.


ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION

Typical level of education that most workers need to enter this occupation.


WORK EXPERIENCE IN A RELATED OCCUPATION

Work experience that is commonly considered necessary by employers, or is a
commonly accepted substitute for more formal types of training or education.


NUMBER OF JOBS, 2020

The employment, or size, of this occupation in 2020, which is the base year of
the 2020-30 employment projections.


JOB OUTLOOK, 2020-30

The projected percent change in employment from 2020 to 2030. The average growth
rate for all occupations is 8 percent.


EMPLOYMENT CHANGE, 2020-30

The projected numeric change in employment from 2020 to 2030.


ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION

Typical level of education that most workers need to enter this occupation.


ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

Additional training needed (postemployment) to attain competency in the skills
needed in this occupation.


EMPLOYMENT CHANGE, PROJECTED 2020-30

The projected numeric change in employment from 2020 to 2030.


GROWTH RATE (PROJECTED)

The percent change of employment for each occupation from 2020 to 2030.


PROJECTED NUMBER OF NEW JOBS

The projected numeric change in employment from 2020 to 2030.


PROJECTED GROWTH RATE

The projected percent change in employment from 2020 to 2030.


2021 MEDIAN PAY

The wage at which half of the workers in the occupation earned more than that
amount and half earned less. Median wage data are from the BLS Occupational
Employment and Wage Statistics survey. In May 2021, the median annual wage for
all workers was $45,760.

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