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THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE HAS SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED

Author : TIKTOKSUROTOK1988
Publish Date : 2022-01-06



The James Webb Space Telescope has successfully launched

It's a moment that has been decades in the making. The James Webb Space
Telescope, NASA's premier space observatory of the next decade, successfully
launched on Christmas morning.

The telescope lifted off atop an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe's Spaceport in
French Guiana at 7:20 a.m. ET.
"We have LIFTOFF of the @NASAWebb Space Telescope!" NASA shared on Twitter. "At
7:20am ET (12:20 UTC), the beginning of a new, exciting decade of science
climbed to the sky. Webb's mission to #UnfoldTheUniverse will change our
understanding of space as we know it."



The Webb telescope has endured years of delays, including a combination of
factors brought on by the pandemic and technical challenges. But the world's
most powerful and complex space observatory will answer questions about our
solar system, study exoplanets in new ways and look deeper into the universe
than we've ever been able to.
The European Space Agency aptly referred to it as "an awesome Christmas present"
for the international launch teams, as well as the whole of space science, on
Twitter.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson shared his gratitude for the international teams
that made the mission and the Christmas Day launch possible.
"This is a great day for planet Earth," Nelson said shortly after the launch.
"Thanks to the team. You all have just been incredible. Over three decades, you
produced this telescope that is now going to take us back to the very beginnings
of the universe. We are going to discover incredible things that we never
imagined."



Webb will peer into the very atmospheres of exoplanets, some of which are
potentially habitable, and it could uncover clues in the ongoing search for life
outside of Earth.
The telescope comes equipped with a mirror that can extend 21 feet and 4 inches
(6.5 meters) -- a massive length that will allow the mirror to collect more
light from the objects it observes once the telescope is in space. The more
light the mirror can collect, the more details the telescope can observe.
The mirror includes 18 hexagonal gold-coated segments, each 4.3 feet (1.32
meters) in diameter.
It's the largest mirror NASA has ever built, the agency said, but its size
created a unique problem. The mirror was so large that it couldn't fit inside a
rocket. So the NASA team designed the telescope as a series of moving parts that
can fold origami-style and fit inside a 16-foot (5-meter) space for launch.
Webb will act as an infrared detective, detecting light that is invisible to us
and revealing otherwise hidden regions of space, according to NASA.Ball
Aerospace optical technician Scott Murray inspects the first gold primary mirror
segment of the telescope.
Since 2004, thousands of scientists, technicians and engineers from 14 countries
have spent 40 million hours building the telescope. The telescope includes
instruments from the Canadian Space Agency and the European Space Agency.
Now, Webb is ready to help us understand the origins of the universe and begin
to answer key questions about our existence, such as where we came from and if
we're alone in the cosmos.



The Webb telescope will look at every phase of cosmic history, including the
first glows after the big bang that created our universe and the formation of
the galaxies, stars and planets that fill it today. Its capabilities will enable
the observatory to answer questions about our own solar system and investigate
faint signals from the first galaxies formed 13.5 billion years ago.

The telescope will take a closer look at a selection of exoplanets to peer
inside their atmospheres, if they have them, and help answer questions about how
the planets formed and evolved. Data collected by the telescope can tell
scientists if methane, carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is in the atmosphere.
The gases within these alien atmospheres could reveal the very building blocks
of life.
Other objects of interest for the initial science campaign include observing the
supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, actively forming
planetary systems, bright quasars at the center of galaxies, and leftovers from
the formation of our solar system known as Kuiper Belt Objects.



With all of its superlatives, engineering Webb was an extraordinary challenge.
The observatory is comprised of three main elements.
One is the Integrated Science Instrument Module, which holds Webb's suite of
four instruments. These instruments will mainly be used for capturing images or
spectroscopy -- breaking down light into different wavelengths to determine
physical and chemical components.
The main eye of the observatory, called the Optical Telescope Element, includes
the mirrors and backplane, or spine, that supports the mirrors. And then there's
the Spacecraft Element, which includes the spacecraft bus and sunshield



The spacecraft bus includes the six main subsystems needed to operate the
spacecraft, including propulsion, electrical power, communication, data and
thermal controls. This "bus" design, which doesn't actually resemble a bus, is
used to support the spacecraft's infrastructure.
The five-layer sunshield unfurls to reach the size of a tennis court and it will
protect Webb's giant mirror and instruments from the sun's heat -- because they
need to be kept at a very frigid negative 370 degrees Fahrenheit (negative 188
degrees Celsius) to operate.

The observatory will travel for about a month until it reaches an orbit about 1
million miles (1.6 million kilometers) away from Earth. During those 29 days,
Webb will unfold its mirrors and unfurl the sunshield. This process involves
thousands of parts that must work perfectly in the right sequence.
Fortunately, each step can be controlled from the ground in case there are
issues.
And then it will go through a period of commissioning in space that lasts for
six months. That includes cooling down the instruments, alignment and
calibration. All of the instruments will go through a checkout process to see
how they're functioning.
"The launch of the Webb Space Telescope is a pivotal moment -- this is just the
beginning for the Webb mission," said Gregory L. Robinson, Webb's program
director at NASA Headquarters, in a statement.
"Now we will watch Webb's highly anticipated and critical 29 days on the edge.
When the spacecraft unfurls in space, Webb will undergo the most difficult and
complex deployment sequence ever attempted in space. Once commissioning is
complete, we will see awe-inspiring images that will capture our imagination."

Webb will begin to collect data and its first images later in 2022. Thousands of
scientists have been waiting for years to see what the observatory can show us.
"The initial year of Webb's observations will provide the first opportunity for
a diverse range of scientists around the world to observe particular targets
with NASA's next great space observatory," said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate
administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA, in a statement.
"The amazing science that will be shared with the global community will be
audacious and profound."





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