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Animalia
Ganges River Dolphin

 * Description
 * Appearance
 * Distribution
 * Lifestyle
 * Diet
 * Mating Habits
 * Population
 * Facts
 * References
 * Related Animals


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Generally solitary
Ganges River Dolphin


GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN

Susu, Sisu, Shushuk,


13 languages

English
Українська
Español
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Français
Deutsch
Português
Polski
Dansk
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Nederlands
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Subphylum
Vertebrata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Artiodactyla
Infraorder
Cetacea
Family
Platanistidae
Genus
Platanista
SPECIES
Platanista gangetica
Population size
5,200
Life Span
30 years
Weight
85
187
kglbs
kg lbs 
Length
2-2.6
6.6-8.5
mft
m ft 

The Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is a species of toothed whale
found in South Asia. It is also known by the name susu (popular name) or "Sisu"
(Assamese language) and shushuk (Bengali). The Ganges river dolphin has been
recognized by the Government of India as its National Aquatic Animal and is the
official animal of the Indian city of Guwahati. Its first occurrence, within the
Hooghly River, was documented by William Roxburgh.



Ca

Cathemeral

Ca

Carnivore

Pi

Piscivores

Aq

Aquatic

Pr

Precocial

Na

Natatorial

No

Nomadic

Te

Territorial

Co

Congregatory

Vi

Viviparous

Pr

Predator

Ge

Generally solitary

Mi

Migrating

G

starts with



APPEARANCE

The Ganges River dolphin has a rectangular, ridgelike dorsal fin and females
tend to be larger than males. These dolphins are usually tan, chocolate brown,
dark grey, or light blue. They have an elongated, slender snout with sharp and
very pointed teeth, similar to most river dolphins. The river dolphin has a
rounded belly which, combined with their rectangular dorsal fin, makes them look
particularly stocky in build compared to other dolphins. Their flippers and tail
flukes are large and broad. They have a large melon head used for echolocation
because they cannot see well. Their eyes are usually small due to the cloudy
water.


DISTRIBUTION


GEOGRAPHY

Continents
Asia
Subcontinents
South Asia
Countries
Bangladesh, India, Nepal
Biogeographical realms
Indomalayan

These dolphins live along the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu
river systems of Bangladesh and India, and the Sapta Koshi and Karnali Rivers in
Nepal. They favor deep pools, eddy countercurrents located downstream of the
convergence of rivers and of sharp meanders, and upstream and downstream of
midchannel islands.





BIOME

Lakes
Rivers
Estuaries
Wetlands
Brackish water
Freshwater
Neritic zone


CLIMATE ZONES

Tropical
Ganges River Dolphin
Bubblesorg
Attribution-ShareAlike License


HABITS AND LIFESTYLE

Ganges River dolphins prefer to spend time singly or in pairs. They are shy in
nature and are not known to do acrobatic maneuvers near boats. They may
occasionally gather in small groups of up to 30 individuals where the best
fishing spots are. Ganges River dolphins are active throughout the day. They
swim almost constantly with only brief periods of sleep, which add up to seven
hours per day. They swim on their sides when in shallow water. River dolphins
generally surface with the rostrum, head, and dorsal fin breaking the water and
rarely breach or raise the tail fluke, though surface activity can vary based on
age, distance from shore, and time of day. Diving may last as long as 8 minutes
among adults and subadults; dives of newborns and juveniles are not as long.
Ganges River dolphins have poor eyesight and rely on echolocation to find prey.
When hunting at the surface, dolphins listen for the movements of schooling fish
which are then herded with spins, side-swimming, and lobtailing. Echolocation
signals are not frequently used at the surface, since many fish at this level
can hear ultrasound. At the mid-surface level, the dolphins use more
echolocation clicks to find prey hidden in clutter and vegetation as far as 20 m
(66 ft) away. They flush out bottom-dwelling prey by digging around. The prey is
held in their jaws and swallowed. During the monsoon, Ganges River dolphins tend
to migrate to tributaries of the main river systems. Some individuals may swim
along with their beaks emerging from the water, and they may "breach"; jumping
partly or completely clear of the water and landing on their sides. Ganges River
dolphins are highly vocal and most typically communicate with the help of
echolocation sounds such as clicks, bursts, and twitters.

Group name
pod, school, herd
Lifestyle
Aquatic, Precocial, Natatorial, Nomadic, Territorial, Congregatory, Viviparous,
Predator
Seasonal behavior
Migrating


DIET AND NUTRITION



Ganges River dolphins are carnivores (piscivores). They feed on a variety of
shrimp and freshwater fish, including carp and catfish.



Diet Carnivore, Piscivores



MATING HABITS

REPRODUCTION SEASON
year-round, March-May
PREGNANCY DURATION
8-12 months
BABY CARRYING
1 calf
INDEPENDENT AGE
1 year
FEMALE NAME
cow
MALE NAME
bull
BABY NAME
calf

Ganges River dolphins do not have a specific mating season. Births appear to be
most frequent between December and January and between March and May. Courtship
and mating behavior for this species has been documented from March to May when
the water level is lower; multiple males chase one female and this typically
ends with one of the males earning the right to mate. Females give birth to a
single calf after the gestation period which usually lasts 8-12 months. The calf
will stay with its mother for one year and become reproductively mature at about
10 years of age.


Population Trend
Decreasing
POPULATION STATUS
Endangered (EN)
ne dd lc nt vu en cr ew ex



POPULATION


POPULATION THREATS

The most serious threat to Ganges River dolphins comes from human activities.
These animals have been adversely affected by human use of river systems in
South Asia. Entanglement in fishing nets as bycatch can cause significant damage
to local populations, and individuals are taken each year by hunters; their oil
and meat are used as a liniment, an aphrodisiac, and as bait for catfish.
Poisoning of the water supply from industrial and agricultural chemicals may
have also been a contributing factor to population decline, as these chemicals
are biomagnified in the bodies of the dolphins. Perhaps the most significant
issue is the building of more than 50 dams along many rivers, causing the
segregation of populations and a narrowed gene pool in which dolphins can breed.
An immediate danger for the populations in the National Chambal Sanctuary is the
decrease in river depth and the appearance of sand bars dividing the river
course into smaller segments, as irrigation has lowered water levels throughout
their range.


POPULATION NUMBER

According to the IUCN Red List, the total population size of the Ganges River
dolphin is around 5,200 individuals. Currently, this species is classified as
Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List, and its numbers today are decreasing.


ECOLOGICAL NICHE

Ganges river dolphins play an important role as top predators in their river
ecosystem. They prey on a range of fish and crustacean species, thus controlling
their populations.


FUN FACTS FOR KIDS

 * Ganges River dolphins are unique among cetaceans in that they swim on their
   sides. This adaptation aids them in finding prey in the murky water by using
   one flipper that helps them feel for prey.
 * Being mammals, Ganges River dolphins cannot breathe in the water and must
   surface every 30-120 seconds. Because of the sound, they produce when
   breathing, these dolphins are popularly referred to as susu.
 * These dolphins are also referred to as the "blind dolphins". Their eyes lack
   a lens and have evolved a flat cornea. The combination of these traits makes
   the eye incapable of forming clear images on the retina and renders the
   dolphin effectively blind. However, the eye may still serve as a light
   receptor and the dolphin still uses it to locate itself.
 * South Asian river dolphins have a slit similar to a blowhole on the top of
   the head, which acts as a nostril.
 * South Asian river dolphins have very flexible necks and are able to turn
   their heads while searching for food. They can also swim upside down.


COLORING PAGES

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A4 PDF Letter PDF



REFERENCES

1. Ganges River Dolphin on Wikipedia -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin
2. Ganges River Dolphin on The IUCN Red List site -
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41756/50383346
3. Ganges River Dolphin illustration -
https://creazilla.com/nodes/842964-south-asian-river-dolphin-vector


INCLUDED IN LISTS

Wetlands animals of India
Endangered Species of India
Endangered Species of Bangladesh
Threatened Species of Bangladesh
more lists with Ganges River Dolphin



RELATED ANIMALS

Common Bottlenose Dolphin
Tursiops truncatus
Australian Snubfin Dolphin
Orcaella heinsohni
Long-Beaked Common Dolphin
Delphinus capensis
Irrawaddy Dolphin
Orcaella brevirostris
Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin
Tursiops aduncus
Burrunan Dolphin
Tursiops australis
Tursiops truncatus gillii
Tursiops truncatus gillii
Indus River Dolphin
Platanista minor


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