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Crypto criminals laundered $540 million by using a service called RenBridge, new
report shows
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Crypto criminals laundered $540 million by using a service called RenBridge, new
report shows
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CRYPTO CRIMINALS LAUNDERED $540 MILLION BY USING A SERVICE CALLED RENBRIDGE, NEW
REPORT SHOWS

Published Wed, Aug 10 20228:00 AM EDTUpdated Wed, Aug 10 202211:04 AM EDT
MacKenzie Sigalos@KENZIESIGALOS
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Key Points
 * RenBridge has been used to launder at least $540 million in crime-related
   crypto cash since 2020, according to new research from blockchain analytics
   firm Elliptic.
 * Cross-chain bridges are used to send digital assets across blockchains,
   bypassing a centralized service that can trace transactions.
 * “They’re effectively ungoverned, and so very vulnerable to hacks, or to being
   used in crimes like money laundering,” said David Carlisle, Elliptic’s vice
   president of policy and regulatory affairs.

Dan Kitwood | Getty Images

A major way criminals in the crypto world launder money is by sending digital
assets across blockchains, bypassing a centralized service that can trace and
freeze transactions.

They use so-called cross-chain bridges to make it happen, and the dollar amounts
are getting large. One particular cross-chain bridge called RenBridge has been
used to launder at least $540 million in crime-related crypto cash since 2020,
according to new research from blockchain analytics firm Elliptic.



Included in that amount is $153 million in ransomware payments, meaning hackers
are using RenBridge when they break into corporate networks and force companies
to pay up to get their data back. Elliptic says RenBridge was “an important
facilitator” for Russia-linked ransomware gangs.

David Carlisle, Elliptic’s vice president of policy and regulatory affairs, said
cross-chain bridges are “a bit of a blessing and a curse” at the moment. Like so
many popular crypto tools, they help expand the market by giving people more
ways to pay and transact. Cross-chain bridges are notably vital to the
development of the decentralized finance, or DeFi, space, which is crypto’s
alternative to the banking system.

The flipside is, “they’re effectively ungoverned, and so very vulnerable to
hacks, or to being used in crimes like money laundering,” Carlisle told CNBC.



Carlisle said he expects regulators to start zeroing in on bridges in the next
six to 12 months, as governments continue to crack down on the darkest corners
of the crypto world.

On Monday, the Treasury Department blacklisted crypto mixing service Tornado
Cash, alleging the service was used to launder more than $7 billion worth of
virtual currency since 2019. Carlisle said the action taken by the Treasury’s
Office of Foreign Assets Control shows that U.S. regulators are prepared to go
after criminal behavior in crypto.



“One major question is whether bridges will become subject to regulation, since
they act a lot like crypto exchanges, which are already regulated,” Carlisle
said.

Developers have built cross-chain bridges to let users send tokens from one
chain to another. Transfers of digital assets between chains rely on Darknodes,
or networks of thousands of pseudonymous validators. That’s allowed them to
become a prime tool for obfuscating crypto cash.

RenBridge became a popular destination to do just that. Elliptic says it’s been
used to launder assets originating from theft, fraud, ransomware, and various
other types of criminal activity.



Other crypto assets laundered across RenBridge were likely stolen by North
Korea, Elliptic said. The service was also used by the Conti cybercrime group,
which recently attacked the Costa Rican government and triggered a national
state of emergency. Elliptic’s research shows that Conti has laundered more than
$53 million through RenBridge.

“Cross-chain bridges are a loophole in the regulatory regime that has been
painstakingly established by governments around the world, to combat crypto
laundering,” said Tom Robinson, Elliptic’s chief scientist. 

RenBridge is a go-to option for those looking to clean stolen cash. More than
$267 million in crypto assets taken from exchanges and DeFi services were
laundered through RenBridge in the last two years, including $33.8 million from
Japanese crypto exchange Liquid, according to Elliptic.

The bridges are particularly vulnerable to attacks.

Blockchain cybersecurity firm CertiK previously noted that when bridges hold
hundreds of millions of dollars of assets in escrow and multiply their possible
vectors of attack by operating across two or more blockchains, they become prime
targets for hackers.

Last week, a bridge known as Nomad lost almost $200 million in a devastating
exploit resulting from a bug. Within hours, the thieves began using RenBridge to
launder the money. Thus far, $2.4 million in crypto assets stolen from Nomad
have been sent through RenBridge, according to Elliptic.

“Ransomware gangs, fraudsters and even North Korean hackers are shifting from
regulated crypto exchanges to a decentralized, unregulated alternative,”
Robinson said.

RenBridge is an open protocol, so it doesn’t operate with a CEO or any central
figureheads. CNBC reached out to the support email address listed on Ren’s
Crunchbase profile to request comment.

WATCH: This crypto winter should be less severe and shorter in duration

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