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REPORT TO CONGRESS ON NUCLEAR-ARMED SEA-LAUNCHED CRUISE MISSILE

U.S. Naval Institute Staff
October 18, 2024 12:38 PM


The following is the Oct. 17, 2024, Congressional Research Service In Focus
report, Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N).


FROM THE REPORT

The U.S. Navy first deployed a nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile in the
mid-1980s, when it placed the TLAM- N—a nuclear-armed version of the Tomahawk
land-attack cruise missile—on surface ships and attack submarines. With a range
of 2,500 kilometers (about 1,550 miles), the missiles were not included in the
limits in U.S.-Soviet arms control agreements.

In 1991, at the end of the Cold War, President George H.W. Bush announced that
the United States would withdraw all land-based tactical nuclear weapons (those
that could travel less than 300 miles) from overseas bases and all sea-based
tactical nuclear weapons from surface ships, submarines, and naval aircraft. The
Navy withdrew the TLAM-N missiles by mid-1992 and eliminated the nuclear mission
for U.S. surface ships, but retained the option to return the TLAM-N to attack
submarines. Some observers characterized this redeployment ability as
demonstrating the credibility of U.S. defense commitments to allies in Asia.

In 2010, the Obama Administration recommended that the Navy retire the TLAM-N
missiles. The 2010 NPR stated that “this system serves a redundant purpose,” as
it was one of several weapons the United States could deploy in support of U.S.
allies. The Navy completed the retirement of these missiles in 2013.

The Trump Administration reversed this decision, arguing in the 2018 NPR that a
nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile (now known as SLCM-N) would provide
the United States with a “non-strategic regional presence” that would address
the “need for flexible and low-yield options.” SLCM-N was one of two systems
that the 2018 NPR characterized as “modest supplements” that would “strengthen
deterrence of regional adversaries” and assure U.S. allies. The other 2018
NPR-recommended system was a low-yield version of the W76 nuclear warhead (known
as the W76-2) for the Trident D5 long-range submarine- launched ballistic
missile (SLBM). The 2018 NPR stated that the W76-2 was an option for the
“near-term,” while SLCM-N would be an option implemented over “the longer term.”
DOD announced the deployment of the W76-2 in 2020. At the same time, the Navy
conducted an Analysis of Alternatives on the SLCM-N.

In its FY2022 budget request, the Biden Administration sought $5.2 million for
Department of Defense (DOD) research and development work on the SLCM-N. It also
requested $10 million for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to
study adapting the W80-4 nuclear warhead, intended for the Long-Range Standoff
Weapon (LRSO) air-launched cruise missile, for delivery carried by the SLCM-N.
The Administration also stated that it would review the program in the 2022 NPR.

The Biden Administration proposed cancelling the SLCM- N in the 2022 NPR,
arguing that the missile was “no longer necessary” because of the W76-2 SLBM
warhead’s “deterrence contribution.” The Navy’s FY2023 budget request eliminated
funding for the SLCM-N, stating that the missile was “cost prohibitive and the
acquisition schedule would have delivered capability late to need.”



Download the document here.


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