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A Royal Saudi Air Force F-15 Strike Eagle departs for a training mission over
the Nevada Test and Training Range in the U.S., Jan. 27, 2011. Photo by Senior
Airman Brett Clashman/U.S. Air Force via Wikimedia Commons.
featureAbraham Accords


ISRAELI-SAUDI SECURITY COOPERATION ‘WOULD BE IRAN’S NIGHTMARE’


DESPITE THE ABSENCE OF FORMAL NORMALIZATION, RIYADH AND JERUSALEM ARE RIPE FOR
GREATER COOPERATION, OBSERVERS SAY.

Yaakov Lappin
July 19, 2023
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(July 19, 2023 / JNS)

Despite the lack of a formal normalization event between Israel and Saudi
Arabia, the countries have a shared interest and desire in developing defense
cooperation, including the joint detection of Iranian aerial threats with
American assistance, observers in Israel and the United States say.

Earlier this month, the head of United States Air Forces Central, which is the
air component of the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) in the Middle East, Lt. Gen.
Alexus Grynkewich, told The Jerusalem Post that the U.S. is working on creating
a digital connection between Israel and Gulf Arab states that can be used to
issue alerts over fast-moving threats such as cruise and ballistic missiles.

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TEHRAN’S WORST DAY

Bradley Bowman, senior director of the Center on Military and Political Power at
the Washington-based Foundation for Defense of Democracies, and former national
security adviser to members of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations
committees, told JNS that the establishment of an Israeli-Gulf-U.S. defense
architecture in the region would be a “nightmare scenario for Tehran.”

“As far as I can tell, Israel and Saudi Arabia are already engaging in some
level of security cooperation below the radar, but they have just barely begun
to tap into the potential.” Bowman, a former Black Hawk helicopter pilot and
assistant professor at the West Point military academy, stated.

“If normalization between Riyadh and Jerusalem occurs, this security cooperation
can go to a whole other level and that would serve the interests of Washington,
Riyadh and Jerusalem.”

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Iran, for its part, wants to keep its adversaries “weak and divided,” said
Bowman, and that means trying to counter any movement towards a combined
American-Arab-Israeli regional security architecture.

“Tehran’s worst day would be when Gulf Cooperation Council countries, Israel and
the U.S. establish a combined regional security architecture that enables each
country to more quickly detect and defeat threats emanating from Iran and its
proxies,” said Bowman.

He noted that senior American government officials traveled to Saudi Arabia in
February for U.S.-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Working Group meetings focusing
on integrated air and missile defense, maritime security, Iran and
counterterrorism.

“Step one is the understanding that Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, Manama and Jerusalem
confront a common threat. Most Arab leaders have known for a long time that
Israel is not the threat. What is new, after the Abraham Accords, is some Arab
governments are finally willing to say it publicly and act accordingly,” said
Bowman. “It is widely understood that the Islamic Republic of Iran and its
terror proxies are the real threat to regional security.”

Bowman said that establishing a “single pane of glass,” meaning creating the
technical means for each partner country to see a common threat picture, would
make it more difficult for Iran to conduct drone and missile strikes.

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“One of the challenges is to create sufficient trust so that the participants
are willing to share information with one another and potentially join common
networks,” he said. “The U.S. military could ease and expedite this process by
playing the role of aggregator and integrator, potentially serving as a central
node in the effort to create some sort of common threat picture.

“For those of us interested in deterring and defeating Iranian aggression, few
things are more important than advancing a combined regional security
architecture,” Bowman said. “If there is political will in each of the capitals,
it is absolutely feasible.”


NO DECLARATIONS OF AN “ARAB-ISRAELI NATO”

Professor Uzi Rabi, director of the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and
African Studies Studies at Tel Aviv University, said it is highly likely that
Israel and Saudi Arabia would be interested in promoting such cooperation, but
that Riyadh is also not interested in any public declarations of “an
Arab-Israeli NATO. The Saudis don’t want reports like that floating around.”

In addition, said Rabi, for the U.S., extending the Abraham Accords in this
manner is a way of telling Saudi Arabia “that they’re not leaving the region,
and that it’s wrong to assume that they are. In light of the fact that China
brokered the Saudi-Iran [rapprochement] agreement, the U.S. is also conducting
damage control.”

According to Rabi, it is certainly reasonable to assume that the Saudis will be
interested in developing such cooperation, but at this stage, under the radar
and not publicly. As always with Saudi Arabia, the scope and depth of
cooperation with Israel are based on the U.S. approach towards Saudi Arabia.
This is the litmus test, and what Israel does is less important. The Palestinian
issue is not decisive.

What is decisive is how the U.S. responds to Saudi requests for a military
umbrella, a civilian nuclear program and the full known Saudi wish list.

“This would be the required ‘payment.’ The more the Americans meet Saudi
requests, the more the extension of the Abraham Accords grows,” said Rabi.
“Hence, this is not a bilateral Israeli-Saudi platform. One must look at all of
the table’s legs.”

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Rabi argued that even when normalization occurs, it likely won’t be full-scale,
adding that the seeds of normalization are already evident. Relations with
Israel are progressing “at the Saudi pace—it’s crawling,” he said. “[Crown
Prince] Mohammed bin Salman is not yet king, and there are still issues with the
U.S., hence normalization greatly depends on how attentive the U.S. is to Saudi
Arabia,” he said.

Rabi described the decision by Saudi Arabia to reestablish relations with Iran
as “hedging and risk management. Of course, the Iranian regime is still a danger
to the Saudis. The logic here is to keep your friends close and your enemies
closer.”

Despite a certain degree of improved Saudi-Iranian relations, which join
existing trade between the United Arab Emirates and Iran, viewing these
developments as a zero-sum game as far as Israel is concerned would be
inaccurate, said Rabi.

“This does not decrease chances of normalization. It’s not an either-or
situation, but one in which both things can happen. Twenty years ago, Iran would
demand that the Gulf states disconnect ties with Israel, but today, they are in
no position to do that. It’s an open game in the new Middle East,” he said.


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