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No. 59 (2018)
An Eastern Europe Vision
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Editors: Ana Tostões

Keywords: Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war
housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing.

While visiting the MAO (Museum of Architecture and Design) in Ljubljana one can
appreciate the architectural power of Stanko Kristl’s work. The impressive
buildings of this Slovenian architect revealed through the exhibition "Humanity
and Space", illuminate the beauty of the museum space with some astonishing
works and show why Eastern Europe deserves to be included in the historiography
of the Modern Movement, to clearly demonstrate the contribution of Iron Curtain
countries to the modern avant-garde. As Matevz Celik recognizes, “through his
architecture he worked to provide responses to the needs of the people — for
whom it was intended. This basic premise served as a guiding principle in
experiments and his search for spatial and social innovation in architecture."

Published: 2018-11-01


EDITORIAL

 * Towards a fresh reading of MoMo historiography
   Ana Tostões
    * PDF
   
   While visiting the MAO (Museum of Architecture and Design) in Ljubljana one
   can appreciate the architectural power of Stanko Kristl’s work. The
   impressive buildings of this Slovenian architect revealed through the
   exhibition "Humanity and Space", illuminate the beauty of the museum space
   with some astonishing works and show why Eastern Europe deserves to be
   included in the historiography of the Modern Movement, to clearly demonstrate
   the contribution of Iron Curtain countries to the modern avant-garde. As
   Matevz Celik recognizes, “through his architecture he worked to provide
   responses...


INTRODUCTION

 * Is there something behind the Iron Curtain? Documentation and conservation of
   Modernism in former Eastern Europe
   Henrieta Moravčíková
    * PDF
   
   Although many 20th century phenomena have seen comparisons made across the
   European continent, divided by the former Iron Curtain for a half of the
   century, there is still room for confrontation and reconciliation. Firstly,
   because research continues, new contexts are emerging, the perspective of
   evaluation and the perception of the heritage of Modernism is changing, but
   also because, in addition to the artificial political structure of the Iron
   Curtain, which has disappeared along with the disappearance of the Eastern
   and Western Blocs, a number of constructs such as the territorial or...


ESSAYS

 * Historiography of post-war modern architecture in Hungary – evaluation –
   research – preservation
   Mariann Simon
    * PDF
   
   Reviewing the research on post-war modern Hungarian architecture we find a
   serious backwardness. This paper presents an overview of the situation and an
   explanation focusing on three factors. The first is the underestimation of
   the socialist modern architecture by the lay public, but also by some
   professionals. The second field of investigation is the research background:
   institutes, researchers, funds and the accessibility of archival material,
   and the results achieved despite the difficulties. The paper also surveys the
   preservation of this heritage, and finally presents a recent...

 * Revisiting interbellum architecture of Hungary
   András Ferkai
    * PDF
   
   Though there are fans of the “Bauhaus style” and the term is largely used by
   the real estate market (in an incorrect way), modern architecture cannot
   arouse interest and sympathy in the majority of Hungarian society. Far from
   being a closed chapter, interwar architecture does not stand in the
   lime-light of Hungarian historiography either. This paper tries to find
   causes of this indifference and highlight achievements in historiography and
   preservation. Its aim is in particular to report on new scholarly
   publications as well as case studies that are occasionally good examples but
   more...

 * Communicating “space and form?”: The history and impact of the journal Tér és
   Forma as the Hungarian pipeline of Modernism
   Pál Ritoók, Ágnes Anna Sebestyén
    * PDF
   
   In the interwar era, architectural journals were at the forefront of
   professional attention and had the power to disseminate the Modern Movement
   in architecture globally. The Hungarian journal Tér és Forma (1928-1948) took
   the lead to introduce international modern architecture to the Hungarian
   public, while continually reporting on the newest building projects in
   interwar Hungary. Virgil Bierbauer, the periodical’s long-time editor
   (1928-1942), presented the broad panorama of contemporary architecture and
   his followers from 1943 intended to continue his legacy even in wartime.
   The...

 * Ignoring and erasing: collective housing in 20th century Czechoslovakia
   Hubert Guzik
    * PDF
   
   A concept of a collective house that would include apartments and a wide
   array of communal facilities was a topic of intensive debate in
   Czechoslovakia throughout the 20th century. This topic was popular not only
   among architects, but most importantly among feminists, social activists,
   sociologists, politicians or businessmen. Debaters projected onto these
   houses their ideas of a future political and social system of Czechoslovakia.
   For some, shared living was a way to facilitate the arrival of communism, for
   others it represented a means to develop liberal capitalism. This article...

 * Czech hotels in the late-modernist style set against the landscape
   Petr Vorlík
    * PDF
   
   This paper looks at the changes in hotel architecture in post-war
   Czechoslovakia. In particular, the way in which architects, either with the
   support of or, in some cases, in resistance to the political dictate, handled
   the inspirational influences that came from abroad. Namely the Soviet models
   forced on them, or the ideas that seeped through from the other side of the
   Iron Curtain that were closer to the Czech modernist environment. The
   resulting approach of compromises and mixing influences, typical for a small
   country in the middle of Europe, gave rise to imaginative combinations of...

 * Friedrich Weinwurm: Slovakia’s nearly forgotten contribution to the European
   architectural avant-garde
   Henrieta Moravčíková
    * PDF
   
   Work of the architect Friedrich Weinwurm represents the most consistent
   contribution from within Slovakia to the activities of the international
   architectural avant-garde. Friedrich Weinwurm fully matched the idea of a
   socialist-minded architect, organizer of public life and visionary of a new
   social order. The new way that Friedrich Weinwurm followed in his
   architectural work ran parallel to the paths of the leading representatives
   of the European left-wing avant-garde. In Slovakia, these works represented
   the most coherent allegiance to the program of the New Objectivity, and
   the...

 * Metallic brutalism and its present embellishment. The addition to the Slovak
   National Gallery in Bratislava
   Peter Szalay
    * PDF
   
   This paper summarizes the creation and formulation of the modern addition to
   the Slovak National Gallery, an iconic architectural work of post-war
   Modernism in Czechoslovakia which instigated a major discussion between
   specialists and the general public already from its construction time. In the
   second part of the text, related to the reconstruction currently underway, I
   attempt to interpret the actual process of this building’s reconstruction and
   remodeling, which could be viewed as a physical dimension of the discussion
   on the polarizing effects of Modern Movement architectonic...

 * Edvard Ravnikar and The Heart of the City. The genesis of cultural centers in
   Slovenia and in ex-Yugoslavia
   Nataša Koselj
    * PDF
   
   This article discussess Cankarjev Dom and Republic Square in Ljubljana,
   Slovenia, by Edvard Ravnikar with the focus on three stage of the genesis of
   cultural centers in Slovenia, starting with the pre-war Slovenian cultural
   centers by Max Fabiani, Danilo Fürst and Gustav Trenz. The second phase is
   represented by the cultural centers of the architects Oton Gaspari, Marko
   Župančič and Emil Navinšek from the 1950s built in the Slovenian industrial
   towns of Trbovlje, Velenje, and Zagorje, and the third phase by Edvard
   Ravnikar and his students such as Biro71 and Marko Mušič from the late...

 * Slovenian industrial heritage – complexity of meanings, their preservation
   and regeneration
   Sonja Ifko
    * PDF
   
   Industrialization caused the biggest technological changes in human history,
   which called for not only new ways of working but also of living, education,
   and life as a whole. Eventually the world became the global market that we
   know today, when we are on the threshold of 5.0 Industry, when utopia is
   becoming reality. Despite its peripheral role, Slovenia started to change
   quite early under the influences of industrialization; these changes
   accelerated in the 19th century and gained momentum during socialist
   industrialization, when organized heritage protection started to develop...

 * New Belgrade: past-present-future, and the future that never came
   Jelica Jovanović
    * PDF
   
   It was an event that rarely happens in this part of the world: the
   construction of a brand-new capital city in a country which was not famous
   for its achievements in city building. Furthermore, it was in a country
   ravaged by WWII, rural and mostly agricultural, with modest industrial
   capacities. Today, 70 years after the beginning of its construction, New
   Belgrade is still one of the most contentious topics of architecture and
   urban planning in Serbia. It is the most beloved and the most hated, biggest
   success story and biggest failure, most beautiful and ugliest architecture of
   the city...

 * On the wings of modernity: WWII memorials in Yugoslavia
   Vladana Putnik Prica, Nenad Lajbenšperger
    * PDF
   
   Memorial sites dedicated to the National Liberation War, revolution and the
   victims of fascism have played an important role in the cultural and
   political life of the socialist Yugoslavia. The changing political course of
   Yugoslavia from 1948 influenced its cultural strategy. This reflected the
   artists’ sensibility and tendency towards abstract sculpture, which
   culminated during the 1960s and 1970s. In this essay we will examine the
   influx of modern art and architecture on the aesthetics of the memorials from
   the era. We will also focus on their contemporary representation as an...


DOCUMENTATION ISSUES

 * The New Synagogue in Žilina, Slovakia: participation as a method of heritage
   renewal
   Katarína Haberlandová
    * PDF
   
   The Neolog [New] Synagogue in Žilina is an exceptional work, and not only
   through its having been designed in 1928 by the renowned architect Peter
   Behrens. The present contribution discusses this work by Peter Behrens – an
   important landmark constructed well outside the major urban centers for 20th
   century architecture in a provincial Slovak town. Its most recent
   restoration, completed in May 2017, lasted a full five years. During this
   time, many discussions took place among heritage experts, theorists and
   architects, which eventually formulated the architectonic idea of the...


NEWS

 * Residence: Prefab Estate; Plans, Realization, Housing 1945-1989 Exhibition at
   the Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague Prague, Czech Republic, 24 January –
   20 May 2018
   Henrieta Moravčíková
    * PDF

 * Architect Friedrich Weinwurm: New Path Exhibition at the Slovak National
   Gallery Bratislava, Slovakia, 25 January – 20 May 2018
   Martin Zaiček
    * PDF

 * Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948–1980 Exhibition at
   MoMA New York, US, 10 July 2018 – 13 January 2019
   Ana Miljački
    * PDF


BOOK REVIEWS

 * The Public Private House. Modern Athens and Its Polykatoikia and other book
   reviews
   Docomomo Journal
    * PDF


ANNOUNCEMENTS


HEADQUARTERS OF DOCOMOMO INTERNATIONAL COMING TO TU DELFT

2021-12-27

The Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft will be hosting
the headquarters DOCOMOMO international from January 2022 onwards.

Read More Read more about Headquarters of DOCOMOMO International coming to TU
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