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MASTERING KUBERNETES WITH DYNATRACE

Thomas Schuetz Infrastructure August 24, 2020


IN THIS BLOG POST

 * Observability and monitoring as a source of truth
 * Monitoring your infrastructure
 * OneAgent and its Operator
 * Kubernetes integration
 * Observing your application
 * Dashboards for business insights
 * Conclusion

Kubernetes simplifies the operation and development of distributed applications
by streamlining the deployment of containerized workloads and distributing them
over a set of nodes. To provide its convenient features, Kubernetes relies on
significant amounts of background automation and abstraction, which can lead to
errors that are difficult to find, troubleshoot, and prevent.


OBSERVABILITY AND MONITORING AS A SOURCE OF TRUTH

Kubernetes can keep track of applications using health checks and restart failed
applications, however, the Kubernetes platform has no insight into the internal
state of your applications. When operating an application, it’s helpful to have
deeper insights that show you what’s really going on. To make this possible, the
application code should be instrumented with telemetry data for deep insights,
including:

 * Metrics to find out how the behavior of a system has changed over time
 * Logs represent event data in plain-text, structured or binary format
 * Traces help find the flow of a request through a distributed system

This type of data can be extended by adding additional meta-information, like
real user experience data and topology details.

To provide actionable answers monitoring systems store, baseline, and analyze
telemetry data. Based on this analysis, these systems can take actions such as
alerting or remediation. While many systems follow a declarative approach (where
hosts and services are specified explicitly), Dynatrace discovers your whole
application landscape automatically simply by installing Dynatrace OneAgent into
your Kubernetes cluster and then adding the Kubernetes cluster for monitoring in
Dynatrace.

There are several tools you can use to show the overall state of a cluster and
alert you when anomalies occur, and installing a monitoring agent on Kubernetes
nodes can provide even more valuable information about the status of the nodes.
But there are other related components and processes (for example, cloud
provider infrastructure) that can cause problems in applications running on
Kubernetes. Dynatrace is the only monitoring solution that provides
observability (with no code changes) into every layer of your Kubernetes
deployment, including your cloud infrastructure provider.


MONITORING YOUR INFRASTRUCTURE

Dynatrace AWS monitoring gives you an overview of the resources that are used in
your AWS infrastructure along with their historical usage. Based on this
information, alerting rules can be defined to notify you of any sudden increases
in usage. And because Dynatrace can consume CloudWatch metrics, almost all your
AWS usage information is available to you within Dynatrace.



Similarly, integrations for Azure and VMware are available to help you monitor
your infrastructure both in the cloud and on-premises.

Further reading about infrastructure monitoring:

 * Explore and analyze Amazon CloudWatch synthetics data in Dynatrace
 * Dynatrace VMware and virtualization documentation


DISCOVER THE DYNATRACE INTERACTIVE PRODUCT TOUR TO EXPLORE KUBERNETES
OBSERVABILITY. DYNATRACE AUTOMATICALLY DISCOVERS AND MAPS WORKLOADS, CONTAINERS,
PODS, AND NODES IN REAL-TIME.
EXPLORE DYNATRACE KUBERNETES OBSERVABILITY


ONEAGENT AND ITS OPERATOR

Dynatrace supports full-stack monitoring from the application to the operating
system layer using OneAgent. When OneAgent is installed on the host operating
system, it automatically collects all relevant monitoring data, including load
metrics, memory consumption, and logs—with no configuration required.
Additionally, it discovers all processes running on the host and automatically
activates instrumentation throughout the application stack.

Using OneAgent Operator, OneAgent can be automatically installed on every
Kubernetes Node (DaemonSet), thereby ensuring all nodes are monitored when they
join your cluster. While OneAgent Operator can be installed on most managed
Kubernetes infrastructures, there may be cases where you don’t have access to
the operating system layer. In this case, OneAgent Operator can be used to
inject instrumentation into the pod (otherwise known as “application-only
monitoring”).

Further reading about OneAgent Operator:

 * Address Kubernetes observability configuration chaos with unparalleled
   automation
 * Dynatrace Kubernetes documentation
 * Dynatrace OneAgent documentation


KUBERNETES INTEGRATION

By providing Dynatrace access to the Kubernetes API, many additional insights
are possible, for example, event tracking and over-commitment rate (resource
requests vs. resources available).



There are many reasons why a Kubernetes Pods might not be scheduled and
therefore be in a “pending” state. The Dynatrace Kubernetes integration helps
you find the root cause of such errors and resolve them quickly.

Further reading about Kubernetes cluster monitoring:

 * Get deep Kubernetes observability with cloud application view
 * Monitoring of Kubernetes infrastructure for “Day 2” operations


OBSERVING YOUR APPLICATION

As mentioned, OneAgent automatically instruments your applications. Using this
information, Dynatrace can detect dependencies between services and visualize
those dependencies in the Smartscape topology view. Plus, using PurePath, the
flow of a single request, starting with the request that was sent via the
executed method and extending all the way down to the line of code that was
called, can be analyzed (see example below).



All the monitoring data that’s captured by Dynatrace is analyzed by
the Dynatrace AI engine, Davis®, which has a full picture of your application
and able to find the root cause of application problems, all the way down to the
code-level.

Dynatrace provides two technologies for Digital Experience Monitoring (DEM):
Synthetic Monitoring and Real User Monitoring (RUM). Synthetic Monitoring is
used to simulate defined customer behavior, for example when opening a website
and clicking a certain button. RUM tracks the behavior of real users and
gives you valuable insights into errors and usability issues they
experience (for example, customers who leave your site one click before checking
out).

Further reading about Application Monitoring:

 * Monitor your whole infrastructure using synthetic monitors
 * Dynatrace SaaS-vendor real user monitoring
 * Dynatrace root cause analysis documentation


DASHBOARDS FOR BUSINESS INSIGHTS

Even when the best technologies and features are used, your application won’t be
successful if it doesn’t enable your customers to complete
transactions or achieve their objectives. Fully customizable Dynatrace
dashboards can serve as a bridge between technical considerations, like
application deployment health, and business goals related to revenue and
conversion rates.

With this information, the negative impact of a new feature on customer
satisfaction can be visualized in charts and countermeasures, for
example, rolling back to the last successful version and refactoring the
feature, can be implemented.



Further reading about Business Analytics:

 * Business Analytics
 * Digital Business Analytics: Let’s get started
 * Digital Business Analytics: Accelerate your dashboard journey


CONCLUSION

Kubernetes components like nodes and Pods come and go quickly. As this
dynamic containerized world can cause errors and additional
challenges for applications and their developers, Dynatrace is a monitoring
system that’s designed to handle such dynamic infrastructure
out-of-the-box. Regardless of if your infrastructure is deployed on-premises or
managed on a public cloud, your infrastructure still
relies on conventional components, like servers, networks, and
storages that should be included in your monitoring strategy. When using
autoscaling-mechanisms and having a lot of application containers, tracing
requests through the network is a challenging task. By instrumenting the
application automatically, Dynatrace supports you by finding errors and their
causes instantly.

At last, DEM and the correlation of technical considerations with economic
performance indicators are available to help you identify problems and
features that have a negative impact on the experience of your customers.


ENHANCE YOUR KUBERNETES MONITORING EXPERIENCE TODAY!

Check out the Dynatrace Free Trial.

Start your free trial now


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kubernetes

Thomas Schuetz



The Author

Thomas is a Staff Engineer at Dynatrace with extensive interest in cloud
infrastructures and container technologies. Before joining Dynatrace, he
designed, built and operated IT-infrastructures for about two decades.


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