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Submission: On March 27 via api from US — Scanned from DE
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<h1><a href="/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940">Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)</a></h1>
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<p>Acid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus. This can cause heartburn and other signs and symptoms. Frequent
or constant reflux can lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).</p>
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<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus.</p>
<p>Many people experience acid reflux from time to time. <abbr title="gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD</abbr> is mild acid reflux that occurs at least twice a week, or moderate to severe acid reflux that occurs at least once a week.
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<p>Most people can manage the discomfort of <abbr title="gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD</abbr> with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. But some people with <abbr title="gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD</abbr>
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<h2>Symptoms</h2>
<p>Common signs and symptoms of <abbr title="gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD</abbr> include:</p>
<ul>
<li>A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night</li>
<li>Chest pain</li>
<li>Difficulty swallowing</li>
<li>Regurgitation of food or sour liquid</li>
<li>Sensation of a lump in your throat</li>
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<p>If you have nighttime acid reflux, you might also experience:</p>
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<li>Chronic cough</li>
<li>Laryngitis</li>
<li>New or worsening asthma</li>
<li>Disrupted sleep</li>
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<h3>When to see a doctor</h3>
<p>Seek immediate medical care if you have chest pain, especially if you also have shortness of breath, or jaw or arm pain. These may be signs and symptoms of a heart attack.</p>
<p>Make an appointment with your doctor if you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Experience severe or frequent <abbr title="gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD</abbr> symptoms</li>
<li>Take over-the-counter medications for heartburn more than twice a week</li>
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<h2>Causes</h2>
<p><abbr title="gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD</abbr> is caused by frequent acid reflux.</p>
<p>When you swallow, a circular band of muscle around the bottom of your esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter) relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow into your stomach. Then the sphincter closes again.</p>
<p>If the sphincter relaxes abnormally or weakens, stomach acid can flow back up into your esophagus. This constant backwash of acid irritates the lining of your esophagus, often causing it to become inflamed.</p>
<h2>Risk factors</h2>
<p>Conditions that can increase your risk of <abbr title="gastroesophageal reflux disease">GERD</abbr> include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Obesity</li>
<li>Bulging of the top of the stomach up into the diaphragm (hiatal hernia)</li>
<li>Pregnancy</li>
<li>Connective tissue disorders, such as scleroderma</li>
<li>Delayed stomach emptying</li>
</ul>
<p>Factors that can aggravate acid reflux include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Smoking</li>
<li>Eating large meals or eating late at night</li>
<li>Eating certain foods (triggers) such as fatty or fried foods</li>
<li>Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol or coffee</li>
<li>Taking certain medications, such as aspirin</li>
</ul>
<h2>Complications</h2>
<p>Over time, chronic inflammation in your esophagus can cause:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Narrowing of the esophagus (esophageal stricture).</strong> Damage to the lower esophagus from stomach acid causes scar tissue to form. The scar tissue narrows the food pathway, leading to problems with swallowing.</li>
<li><strong>An open sore in the esophagus (esophageal ulcer).</strong> Stomach acid can wear away tissue in the esophagus, causing an open sore to form. An esophageal ulcer can bleed, cause pain and make swallowing difficult.</li>
<li><strong>Precancerous changes to the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus).</strong> Damage from acid can cause changes in the tissue lining the lower esophagus. These changes are associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
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<a href="/diseases-conditions/gerd/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20362042">Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) care at Mayo Clinic</a>
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<div class="pubdate"> May 22, 2020 </div>
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<li>Kahrilas PJ. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Feldman M, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016.
http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>AskMayoExpert. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (adult). Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2014.</li>
<li>Schwaitzberg SD. Surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Townsend CM Jr, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia. In: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012.
http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Kahrilas PJ. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Kahrilas PJ. Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Vakil NB. Antiulcer medications: Mechanism of action, pharmacology, and side effects. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Zak Y, et al. The use of LINX for gastroesophageal reflux. Advances in Surgery. 2016;50:41.</li>
<li>Licorice. Natural Medicines. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=881. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>German chamomile. Natural Medicines. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=951. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Rakel D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Integrative Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.</li>
<li>Ravi K, et al. Esophageal impedance monitoring: Clinical pearls and pitfalls. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2016;111:1245.</li>
<li>Brown A. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Jan. 24, 2017.</li>
<li>Bazerbachi F, et al. Endoscopic GERD therapy: A primer for the transoral incisionless fundoplication procedure. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2019; doi:10.1016/j.gie.2019.05.028.</li>
<li>Abu Dayyeh B (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. April 20, 2020.</li>
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GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
Sectionsfor Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
* Symptoms & causes
* Diagnosis & treatment
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OVERVIEW
How heartburn and GERD occur Open pop-up dialog box
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HOW HEARTBURN AND GERD OCCUR
HOW HEARTBURN AND GERD OCCUR
Acid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus
relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus.
This can cause heartburn and other signs and symptoms. Frequent or constant
reflux can lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows
back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash
(acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus.
Many people experience acid reflux from time to time. GERD is mild acid reflux
that occurs at least twice a week, or moderate to severe acid reflux that occurs
at least once a week.
Most people can manage the discomfort of GERD with lifestyle changes and
over-the-counter medications. But some people with GERD may need stronger
medications or surgery to ease symptoms.
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
* Book: Mayo Clinic on Digestive Health
SYMPTOMS
Common signs and symptoms of GERD include:
* A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which
might be worse at night
* Chest pain
* Difficulty swallowing
* Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
* Sensation of a lump in your throat
If you have nighttime acid reflux, you might also experience:
* Chronic cough
* Laryngitis
* New or worsening asthma
* Disrupted sleep
WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR
Seek immediate medical care if you have chest pain, especially if you also have
shortness of breath, or jaw or arm pain. These may be signs and symptoms of a
heart attack.
Make an appointment with your doctor if you:
* Experience severe or frequent GERD symptoms
* Take over-the-counter medications for heartburn more than twice a week
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MORE INFORMATION
* Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) care at Mayo Clinic
* GERD: Can certain medications make it worse?
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic
CAUSES
GERD is caused by frequent acid reflux.
When you swallow, a circular band of muscle around the bottom of your esophagus
(lower esophageal sphincter) relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow into your
stomach. Then the sphincter closes again.
If the sphincter relaxes abnormally or weakens, stomach acid can flow back up
into your esophagus. This constant backwash of acid irritates the lining of your
esophagus, often causing it to become inflamed.
RISK FACTORS
Conditions that can increase your risk of GERD include:
* Obesity
* Bulging of the top of the stomach up into the diaphragm (hiatal hernia)
* Pregnancy
* Connective tissue disorders, such as scleroderma
* Delayed stomach emptying
Factors that can aggravate acid reflux include:
* Smoking
* Eating large meals or eating late at night
* Eating certain foods (triggers) such as fatty or fried foods
* Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol or coffee
* Taking certain medications, such as aspirin
COMPLICATIONS
Over time, chronic inflammation in your esophagus can cause:
* Narrowing of the esophagus (esophageal stricture). Damage to the lower
esophagus from stomach acid causes scar tissue to form. The scar tissue
narrows the food pathway, leading to problems with swallowing.
* An open sore in the esophagus (esophageal ulcer). Stomach acid can wear away
tissue in the esophagus, causing an open sore to form. An esophageal ulcer
can bleed, cause pain and make swallowing difficult.
* Precancerous changes to the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus). Damage from acid
can cause changes in the tissue lining the lower esophagus. These changes are
associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
MORE INFORMATION
* Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) care at Mayo Clinic
* What causes laryngospasm?
By Mayo Clinic Staff
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) care at Mayo Clinic
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic
Diagnosis & treatment
May 22, 2020
Print
Share on: FacebookTwitter
Show references
1. Kahrilas PJ. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gastroesophageal
reflux in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.
2. Feldman M, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Sleisenger and
Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis,
Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016.
http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 17, 2017.
3. AskMayoExpert. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (adult). Rochester,
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