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Explore Search Britannica Click here to search Search Britannica Click here to search Subscribe Now Subscribe Login Search Britannica Click here to search Games & QuizzesHistory & SocietyScience & TechBiographiesAnimals & NatureGeography & TravelArts & CultureMoneyVideos July 18, 2024 CELEBRATING A CIVIL RIGHTS ICON Today is Nelson Mandela International Day, a celebration that honors his legacy and promotes community service around the world. Mandela, the first Black president of South Africa, spent 27 years in prison for fighting against the country’s apartheid system of racial segregation. In the early 1990s his negotiations with South African Pres. F.W. de Klerk helped end apartheid and usher in a peaceful transition to majority rule, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993. The Incredible Life of Nelson Mandela Trinity Mirror—Mirrorpix/Alamy 15 Nelson Mandela Quotes © Joao Silva—AAI Fotostock/age fotostock Uncovering Apartheid History in Cape Town’s District Six Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Rüdiger Wölk DISCOVER MORE Video: Mandela’s Rise from Shepherd to President Quiz: On Freedom BEHIND THE HEADLINES The stock market has been on a roller coaster, but is that so unusual? Meanwhile, Paris prepares to host the Summer Olympic Games, and a new study looks at a dog’s compassion. How much is the market moving? The tech-heavy Nasdaq-100 dropped 599 points yesterday on trade tensions related to chipmakers such as NVIDIA and Taiwan Semiconductor. On Tuesday the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose more than 700 points. These might seem like big numbers, but these days, they’re well within typical market fluctuation. For perspective, when the Dow fell 508 points on Black Monday in 1987, the index lost 22.6 percent of its value. Today, with the Dow at about 41,000, a 508-point move would equal about 1.24 percent of its value. Put another way, a market move today of Black Monday magnitude would be roughly 9,266 points in the Dow or 4,530 points in the Nasdaq-100. In Seine Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo swam in the Seine River yesterday to demonstrate its cleanliness, as the City of Light gets ready to host the Summer Olympic Games. Several swimming events are scheduled to be held in the Seine, despite its checkered past. Swimming in the river has been banned for more than 100 years, and it tested positive for unsafe levels of E. coli bacteria as recently as last month. The Summer Olympic Games are set to begin on Friday, July 26. Puppy love Dogs can empathize with humans, becoming distressed when we are, according to a recent study in Animal Behaviour. Researchers played recordings of people crying to pet dogs and pet pigs and charted the resulting stress levels of the animals. The pigs didn’t react negatively to the crying, but the stress response in dogs suggests that they really can feel our pain—as dog owners have long suspected. POPULAR ON BRITANNICA ARTICLES 1. J.D. Vance 2. The Ohio State University 3. MAGA movement 4. Battle of Karbala 5. St. Swithin’s Day 6. United States Senate 7. Lee Harvey Oswald 8. Antichrist 9. ʿĀshūrāʾ 10. list of presidents of the United States Show More Show Less FEATURES 1. What’s the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? 2. 9 Infamous Assassins and the World Leaders They Dispatched 3. How Many Electoral College Votes Does Each U.S. State Have? 4. Ten Days That Vanished: The Switch to the Gregorian Calendar 5. Was Martin Luther King, Jr., a Republican or a Democrat? 6. What’s the Difference Between Venomous and Poisonous? 7. Nuclear Exclusion Zones 8. Nostradamus and His Prophecies 9. Did the Vikings Discover America? 10. Why Does Drinking Give You a Hangover? Show More Show Less LISTS 1. Secret Service Code Names of 11 U.S. Presidents 2. 7 Deadliest Weapons in History 3. 10 Devastating Dystopias 4. 15 Nelson Mandela Quotes 5. A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps 6. 9 of the World’s Deadliest Snakes 7. 8 Deadliest Wars of the 21st Century 8. 6 Lost Civilizations 9. 11 Egyptian Gods and Goddesses 10. 5 Remarkably Close U.S. Presidential Elections Show More Show Less Investing Retirement Household Finance Companies Micro-investing: Your gateway to financial empowerment? The franchise disclosure document (FDD): An all-in-one rulebook, guidebook, and almanac Understanding sequence risk and its impact on your retirement savings Cryptocurrency ETFs: Crypto exposure, listed on traditional exchanges NEW ON BRITANNICA The shortest-serving leaders A 20-minute king? A month-long presidency? Here are seven of history’s shortest-serving leaders. Chinese zodiac This astrological system is still prominent in Chinese culture and is especially celebrated during Chinese New Year. Barred owl This bird of prey is one of the most common owls in North America, and traces its lineage back at least 11,000 years. 10 of the most expensive weddings in history Very few couples can say “money is no object” when planning their wedding. TRENDING QUIZZES See All Quizzes Where in America is That? Crisscross the U.S. by placing these famous landmarks. From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology Do you know which hero took a dip in the River Styx? Or what mysteries lurk inside the Labyrinth? Ultimate Animals Quiz What is a rattlesnake’s rattle made of? What animals can go over 180 miles an hour? Guess the Language! Quiz Can you recognize a language by its greeting? Best Picture Movie Quote Quiz Take this quiz or you may regret it. Maybe not today, maybe not tomorrow, but soon, and for the rest of your life. American Civil Rights Movement Quiz Test your knowledge of Americans’ tumultuous fight to end racial segregation and discrimination. Name That Thing: Tools A handy quiz to test your tool acumen. The Dog Breed Quiz Find out which breed can outrun a cheetah, which breed was created by monks, and much more. Baking and Baked Goods Quiz You may have a sweet tooth, but how much do you know about baking and baked goods? Test your knowledge with this quiz. First Ladies of the United States Quiz They have been hostesses, helpers, advisers, gatekeepers, guardians, confidantes, and sometimes formidable powers behind... FEATURED VIDEOS See All Videos Uncover the history of the zodiac Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. * Uncover the history of the zodiac * What are coronal mass ejections, or CMEs? * How NASA's Artemis rocket could launch the first woman on the Moon * What happens at the International Space Station? * How to watch a solar eclipse BRITANNICA PREMIUM SUBSCRIPTION UNLOCK EXCLUSIVE CONTENT! BRITANNICA'S CONTENT IS AMONG THE MOST TRUSTED IN THE WORLD. EVERY ARTICLE IS WRITTEN, AND CONTINUALLY FACT-CHECKED, BY OUR EXPERTS. SUBSCRIBE TO BRITANNICA PREMIUM AND UNLOCK OUR ENTIRE DATABASE OF TRUSTED CONTENT TODAY. Subscribe Now! EXPLORE BRITANNICA HISTORY & SOCIETY 6 Lost Civilizations Did the Vikings Discover America? SCIENCE & TECH Everyday Stuff Developed by NASA Who Were Our Human Ancestors? BIOGRAPHIES In Memoriam: Deaths in 2024 Wole Soyinka ANIMALS & NATURE 10 of the World’s Most Dangerous Fish Are Dogs Smarter than Cats? GEOGRAPHY & TRAVEL 6 Lakes That Are Drying Up 5 Famous Border Walls ARTS & CULTURE The Story of 'This Land Is Your Land' 2024 Paris Olympics: Athletes to Watch CALCULATORS Compound Interest Calculator Compounding means getting returns on your previous returns plus your initial investment. Learn how to grow your savings with our compound interest calculator. Mortgage Payment Calculator Estimate your monthly mortgage payments with our free mortgage calculator. Account for interest rates, compound frequency and pay back schedule. Percentage Increase Calculator Calculate the increase from one value to another with our free percentage increase calculator. Evaluate population growth, inflation, stock values and more. Retirement Income Calculator Are you on track for retirement? Use our free retirement calculator to help determine how much you'll need to save each year to retire at your desired age. Time Value of Money (TVM) Calculator The time value of money (TVM) principle asserts that the same amount of money is worth more now than in the future. Use our TVM calculator to estimate future value, present value & more. MORE FROM BRITANNICA ProCon.org Award-winning ProCon.org promotes critical thinking, education, and informed citizenship by presenting the pro and con arguments to controversial issues in a straightforward, nonpartisan, freely accessible way. Britannica Money Discover all you need to know about retirement, investing, and household finance, without the jargon or agenda. Get reliable guidance, insight, and easy-to-understand explanations, written, edited, and verified to Britannica’s exacting standards. Advocacy for Animals Presenting Advocacy for Animals, a blog focused primarily on animal rights, wildlife conservation, environmental health and safety, and the legal and cultural issues related to these topics. This blog is a source of information and a call to action. It is meant to be a provocation and a stimulus to thought regarding humanity’s relationship with nonhuman animals. Alain Elkann Interviews Alain has been writing a weekly interview column for the Italian newspaper La Stampa since 1989. His interviews celebrate some of the best known and successful personalities of the present day. History at your fingertips – Sign up here to see what happened On This Day, every day in your inbox! Enter your email Subscribe By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Click here to view our Privacy Notice. Easy unsubscribe links are provided in every email. Thank you for subscribing! Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. 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