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CNN VALUES YOUR FEEDBACK 1. How relevant is this ad to you? 2. Did you encounter any technical issues? No Video player was slow to load content Video content never loaded Ad froze or did not finish loading Video content did not start after ad Audio on ad was too loud Other issues Ad never loaded Ad prevented/slowed the page from loading Content moved around while ad loaded Ad was repetitive to ads I've seen previously Other issues Cancel Submit Thank You! Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much appreciated. 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Play Video Ad Feedback The germiest place in your house? It might not be where you think 02:01 - Source: CNN Your Health 16 videos Video Ad Feedback Here's why your allergies are getting worse and lasting longer 02:00 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback The murky science behind cold water immersion 03:11 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback He wanted to end his life at 15. Why his family turned to ketamine 04:48 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback This is what happens to your body when temperatures soar 03:24 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback The germiest place in your house? 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Why his family turned to ketamine 04:48 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback This is what happens to your body when temperatures soar 03:24 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback The germiest place in your house? It might not be where you think 02:01 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback Over half of Black patients expect to be insulted by medical professionals, study shows 02:27 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback 'What are the odds?': She's pregnant with twins, but they don't share a womb 02:05 Now playing - Source: CNN Video Ad Feedback Arkansas man receives world's first whole eye surgery 03:32 Now playing - Source: CNN See More Videos Get inspired by a weekly roundup on living well, made simple. Sign up for CNN’s Life, But Better newsletter for information and tools designed to improve your well-being. CNN — At-home holiday parties are on many people’s calendars right now, and germ-conscious hosts are faced with a dilemma: Should I require my guests to take off their shoes at the door, especially if the gathering is cocktail or formal attire — or the guest is a stylish shoeaholic like Carrie Bradshaw? In a 2003 “Sex and the City” episode, Carrie (Sarah Jessica Parker) is asked to leave her $485 Manolo Blahnik shoes at the door during a New York City baby shower hosted by her friend Kyra (Tatum O’Neal) and soon finds they have been stolen. “I hadn’t even done a full lap around the party,” Carrie lamented later at a lunch with her friends. The iconic TV character had been forced to walk home in her party dress and old gray sneakers lent by her host. Ad Feedback “Why in the h*ll did you take off your shoes to begin with?” asked Carrie’s friend Samantha Jones (Kim Cattrall). “We had to!” Carrie explained. “For their kids — apparently we drag things in on our heels that make children sick.” Sarah Jessica Parker as Carrie Bradshaw walks home in borrowed sneakers in an August 2003 episode of "Sex and the City" that aired on HBO, which is owned by CNN’s parent company. Her Manolo Blahnik shoes were stolen after her friend asked guests to leave their shoes at the front door. HBO/Everett Collection While the episode, “A Woman’s Right to Shoes,” was designed to discuss dilemmas facing single people in a world focused on families with children, the underlying question — and debate — around footwear and health remains: Is there significant evidence going shoeless stops the spread of germs in a home? Ad Feedback “Absolutely,” said Gabriel Filippelli, chancellor’s professor for the department of Earth sciences at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and executive director of Indiana University’s Environmental Resilience Institute. “We can track in all sorts of bacteria, but certainly some of the ones we’re most concerned about are E. coli that cause severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting,” he said. “There’s been studies that swab the bottom of shoes and something like 99% of the shoes test positive for fecal material.” HEAVY METALS AND MORE However, bacteria are not the only danger that rides along with the dust and dirt surrounding rural and urban homes, gardens and parks, said Jill Litt, a professor of environmental studies at the University of Colorado in Boulder who is currently working as a senior researcher at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, or ISGlobal, in Spain. Young woman suffering from cold sebra/Adobe Stock Scientists finally know why people get more colds and flu in winter “Studies have shown that in urban areas where there are older homes, lead in dust can be tracked into the home on the surface of shoes,” she said. “Other studies have shown that you can bring in pesticide residues from gardens via shoes.” Heavy metals like lead and copper and zinc permeate the soils of urban parks and streets from decades of pollutants, while pesticide levels can be high in rural agricultural areas, Litt added. Homes built before 1978 are very likely to contain lead-based paint, which can chip, peel and disintegrate into dangerous dust, experts say. There is no safe level of lead at any age, but children are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of heavy metals and pesticides due to their small size and proximity to contaminants as they crawl, roll and play on the floors of the home. “For little ones, hand to mouth is one of the primary ways children get exposed to toxic substances and infectious disease agents,” said Litt, who is also a leader of Reimagining Environments for Connection and Engagement: Testing Actions for Social Prescribing in Natural Spaces. Funded by the European Union, the project aims to fight loneliness with natural spaces. WET MOP FIRST Before you ask folks to take off their shoes, be sure the home is as dust-free as possible, experts say. Never vacuum or sweep with a broom first, as that will only stir up all the toxins, sending them airborne. Instead, reach for the wet or spray mop. As counterintuitive as it may be to add water to dirt, it’s actually the best way to remove toxins, Litt said. Some water pipes may contain lead, resulting in lead exposure through drinking water. Replacing those pipes helps, but other sources of exposure remain. Grace Cary/Moment RF/Getty Images Why is it important to remove lead from water pipes? A doctor explains The same goes for any horizontal surface, Filippelli said, but stay away from feather dusters. “Do more regular cleaning of horizontal surfaces with a damp cloth — that’s windowsills, tables, coffee tables, chair bottoms, chair seats and other furniture in addition to the floor.” Use the “three-bucket” method if you live in an older home with lead paint or an area with high levels of lead outside. Have one bucket ready with an all-purpose cleaning solution, another to rinse and an empty bucket. “Some folks also use a very weak vinegar solution in their wash water, which works really well,” Filippelli said. “There are some super sterilizers on the market, but when cleaners are really good at killing bacteria, they’re usually not very good for us as human beings. Whenever you can smell a superstrong smell from something, you got to at least think twice about it.” Dip your mop into the cleaning solution, squeeze the excess water into the empty bucket, and begin to mop, starting from the farthest point from the door. Work toward the door, using the clean water as a rinse as you go. Flush water into the toilet when it looks dirty or with each new room — don’t throw it outside. “The highest concentration of germs is in the interior entry way and levels go down as you move greater distances from this area,” Litt said. “Carpeting retains a lot of dust so that would be one thing I would remove if you had concerns about dusts and potential health concerns.” Carpeted areas should be vacuumed with a device that has a high-efficiency particulate air, or HEPA, filter, not bagless vacuums, and throw the bag or filter away in an outside trash can when done. HONOR COLD FEET Taking off shoes at the door may be the best way to limit germs and potentially toxic dust from coming inside, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t think of your guests’ comfort, Filippelli said. Providing washable slippers or nonslip socks can be a thoughtful gesture. Clostridioides difficile or C. Diff is a bacteria that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon. Every year there 223,900 cases of infection and 12,800 deaths from the bacteria. The pathogen is listed as one of the CDC's five urgent threats to antibiotic resistance. Centers for Disease Control Road trip germs and how to avoid the grossness this holiday “I do not like to walk around with bare feet inside, so here’s my hack. I have some warm slippers right inside my front door — a lot of other cultures do that as well,” he said. “Go to any Asian household, or even a Middle Eastern one and there’s often a little cubby right inside the door with washable slippers. You’re supposed to take your shoes off there and take the slippers and put those on.” Would that have solved Carrie’s shoe-removal problems? No, those were taken care of when she asked Kyra to buy new Manolo’s as a gift for Carrie’s impending marriage — to herself. “That’s all she registered for?” Kyra asked the salesperson, as her kids ran around the swanky Manolo Blahnik store on Madison Avenue. 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List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations CREATE PROFILES FOR PERSONALISED ADVERTISING 31 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Create profiles for personalised advertising Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations USE PROFILES TO SELECT PERSONALISED CONTENT 7 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Use profiles to select personalised content Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations CREATE PROFILES TO PERSONALISE CONTENT 11 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Create profiles to personalise content Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations MEASURE ADVERTISING PERFORMANCE 32 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Measure advertising performance Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations MEASURE CONTENT PERFORMANCE 13 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Measure content performance Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations UNDERSTAND AUDIENCES THROUGH STATISTICS OR COMBINATIONS OF DATA FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES 20 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents). List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations DEVELOP AND IMPROVE SERVICES 30 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Develop and improve services Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations ENSURE SECURITY, PREVENT AND DETECT FRAUD, AND FIX ERRORS 40 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Always Active Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations DELIVER AND PRESENT ADVERTISING AND CONTENT 32 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Always Active Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device. List of IAB Vendors | View Illustrations MATCH AND COMBINE DATA FROM OTHER DATA SOURCES 27 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Always Active Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice. List of IAB Vendors LINK DIFFERENT DEVICES 26 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Always Active In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices). List of IAB Vendors IDENTIFY DEVICES BASED ON INFORMATION TRANSMITTED AUTOMATICALLY 30 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE Always Active Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice. List of IAB Vendors STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES Always Active These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. 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