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HOW BIOACOUSTICS AND AI CAN HELP STUDY ANIMAL POPULATIONS IN THE FOREST AND
BENEATH THE WAVES

by University of Copenhagen

Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain

Animal sounds combined with artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize
biodiversity monitoring both on land and in aquatic settings according to
researchers from the University of Copenhagen. By analyzing wildlife sounds, AI
can now identify species more accurately and efficiently than ever before and
provide unique insights into the behaviors and habitats of animals without
disturbing them.



Globally, nature is facing significant challenges. We are in the midst of the
sixth mass extinction, where species are being lost at the same rate as when the
dinosaurs became extinct. As such, there is a tremendous need for the thorough
monitoring of wildlife to protect and preserve endangered species.

In a new perspective article published in Science, researchers from the
University of Copenhagen's Department of Biology argue that the use of
artificial intelligence and so-called bioacoustics is the way forward.
Bioacoustics, the study of animal sounds, is an effective method for monitoring
wildlife.

The research group behind the article is the same group that, over the past few
years, has developed an AI method capable of decoding pigs' vocalizations—a
method that can also be used to identify other animals in the wild.

With the help of AI, the researchers can analyze massive amounts of sound
recordings quickly and achieve more accurate measurements of the status of
wildlife populations in ecosystems worldwide.

"The method makes it possible for us to distinguish animal sounds from one
another and detect species in densely forested areas or underwater, where
cameras, for example, are often impractical," explains Postdoctoral researcher
Jeppe H. Rasmussen from the Department of Biology, one of the researchers behind
the article.




CAN BE USED ACROSS SPECIES AND ANIMAL GROUPS

In practice, the monitoring involves deploying self-contained recording devices,
capable of capturing animal sounds continuously over months or even years. The
recordings are then analyzed with AI, using the researchers' algorithm to
identify the animals based on their species' specific sounds.

"An algorithm converts the sound clips into 'images' and the AI, which excels at
detecting and classifying objects in pictures, can then identify the animal
calls of interest. This can then be used to classify species and identify which
and how many animals are present—all without the need for human intervention,"
explains Jeppe H. Rasmussen.

"This allows us to process large amounts of data quickly and accurately, instead
of having a person listen to the recordings and try to distinguish between
animal species."

The AI only needs to be trained to recognize the species one seeks to monitor
based on actual recordings of it. According to Rasmussen, the potential
applications are vast. Researchers recently tested the method on birds and frogs
in Malaysia with good results.

"A study showed the AI method could identify 34 out of 39 bird and frog species
in dense tropical forests, an unprecedentedly high success rate that
demonstrates the method's potential in difficult-to-reach environments," says
Rasmussen.


ONLY 1,400 SEALS LEFT

Currently, the researcher is working on several other projects where AI and
bioacoustics are being combined to monitor animals. Among other things,
Rasmussen is, together with the University of California, using the method to
monitor one of the most endangered seal species in the world, the Hawaiian monk
seal, of which there are only 1,400 seals left.

The method also helps the researcher keep an eye on the endangered gray seal,
which is making a gradual comeback in Danish waters after years of decline. He
also plans to use the method on Denmark's bat population, which is protected by
EU directives.

According to Associate Professor Elodie F. Briefer, this advancement marks the
beginning of a new era in nature conservation, where advanced methods are
helping us to understand and protect the planet's diverse wildlife.

"Being able to detect species without disturbing their habitats is a
breakthrough in conservation. The technology has already been applied in marine
ecosystems and urban environments, and we expect that AI-based bioacoustics will
be crucial for future biodiversity protection," says Elodie F. Briefer.

More information: Jeppe H. Rasmussen et al, Sound evidence for biodiversity
monitoring, Science (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2716

Journal information: Science

Provided by University of Copenhagen

Citation: How bioacoustics and AI can help study animal populations in the
forest and beneath the waves (2024, October 23) retrieved 23 October 2024 from
https://phys.org/news/2024-10-bioacoustics-ai-animal-populations-forest.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the
purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the
written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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 * 1
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 * RELATED STORIES
   
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