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 * 1History
 * 2See also
 * 3References

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TRANSPACIFIC CROSSING

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Transpacific crossings are voyages of passengers and cargo across the Pacific
Ocean between Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Transpacific voyages frequently
cross the International Date Line. The first recorded crossing of the Pacific
was the Magellan-Elcano expedition of 1521. Commercial transpacific flights have
been available since 1935.[1]


HISTORY[EDIT]

The Spanish expedition of Magellan-Elcano was the first to cross the Pacific in
1521 and the one to give the ocean its name. After discovering and crossing the
Strait of Magellan in November 1520, the expedition sailed northwest across the
Pacific for over three months and reached the Philippines in March 1521. Juan
Sebastian Elcano would continue the expedition to complete the first world
circumnavigation in 1522. The first navigator to cross the Pacific from west to
east was Andres de Urdaneta, who discovered the easterly route across the
Pacific from the Philippines to Mexico in 1565.

The first transpacific trade route in history was the Spanish Manila galleon
route which lasted from 1565 to 1815 and followed navigator Andres de Urdaneta's
discovery of the easterly route or tornaviaje in 1565. It ended two and a half
centuries later, when most Pacific ports became open to world trade.

Other early transpacific voyages include those of Spanish navigators García
Jofre de Loaísa in 1526, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón in 1527, Alvaro de Mendaña in
1567 and 1595, and Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1606.[citation needed] The
first person to cross the Pacific from Asia to the Americas was Francisco Gali
who completed this journey in 1584.[2]

In the 19th century, the first liners built specially for the transpacific ocean
service were the "Empress" vessels of the Canadian Pacific Railway. After the
railway reached the Pacific seaboard in 1885, the liners began operation in
1891.[3]

In 1928, Charles Kingsford Smith and his crew were the first to cross the
Pacific by flight. Smith and Australian aviator, Charles Ulm, arrived in the
United States and began to search for an aircraft. Famed Australian polar
explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins sold them a Fokker F.VII/3m monoplane, which they
named the Southern Cross.[4] Ulm was the relief pilot. The other crewmen were
Americans, they were James Warner, the radio operator, and Captain Harry Lyon,
the navigator and engineer.[5]

In 1935, the beginning of commercial transpacific flights to and from California
began operation. On November 22, 1935, "Pan American Airlines' China Clipper
launched its first transpacific flight, covering a distance of 8,000 miles". The
route was ready for passenger service by October 1936.[1]

Between March and April 2019, blind sailor Matsuhiro Iwamoto of Japan and Doug
Smith of the United States sailed from San Diego, United States to Fukushima,
Japan, by April 24 making Iwamoto the first blind sailor to cross the Pacific
non-stop.[6] Iwamoto's first attempt in 2013 failed when his boat hit a
whale.[7]


SEE ALSO[EDIT]

 * Transpacific flight
 * Asia-Pacific
 * Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories


REFERENCES[EDIT]

 1. ^ Jump up to: a b Romanowski, David (2014-07-14). "The First Transpacific
    Passenger Flight". National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original
    on 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
 2. ^ Hubert Howe Bancroft (1912). The new Pacific. The Bancroft Company.
    pp. 458–.
 3. ^ E. Mowbray Tate (1986). Transpacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation
    from the Pacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes,
    1867-1941. Associated University Presses. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-0-8453-4792-8.
 4. ^ "7.30 report story about Charles Ulm". ABCnet.au. 31 May 1928. Archived
    from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
 5. ^ Lyon, Harry W. Captain; Kingsford-Smith, Charles Sir, 1897-1935; Warner,
    James. (Interviewee); 2GB (Radio station : Sydney, N.S.W.) (1958),
    Reminiscences of flights in the "Southern Cross", retrieved 2 February
    2017{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
 6. ^ Kragen, Paul (2019-03-09). "Blind San Diego sailor making waves in record
    trans-Pacific crossing". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
 7. ^ Snaith, Emma (2019-04-20). "Blind Japanese sailor 'sets record' in
    non-stop Pacific voyage". The Independent. Retrieved 3 October 2019.

Retrieved from
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 * Transport in the Pacific Ocean

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