www.barracuda.com Open in urlscan Pro
20.26.48.74  Public Scan

URL: https://www.barracuda.com/company/legal/esg-vulnerability
Submission: On May 31 via api from IN — Scanned from GB

Form analysis 2 forms found in the DOM

GET

<form class="cmp-header__mobile__search-form" accept-charset="utf-8" method="GET">
  <input class="cmp-header__mobile__search-form__input addsearch addsearch-written" type="text" data-analytics-id="search" autocomplete="off" size="20" name="addsearch" title="search" data-addsearch-field="true" id="mobile-search-input"
    aria-label="Search field" style="cursor: auto;">
</form>

GET

<form accept-charset="utf-8" class="cmp-header__top-menu__search-form" data-cmp-hook-header="desktopSearchForm" method="GET">
  <input type="text" data-analytics-id="search" autocomplete="off" size="20" data-cmp-hook-header="desktopSearchInput" class="cmp-header__top-menu__search-form__input addsearch addsearch-written" name="addsearch" title="search"
    data-addsearch-field="true" id="desktop-search-input" aria-label="Search field" style="cursor: auto;">
</form>

Text Content

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 1. Company
 2. Legal
 3. Barracuda Email Security Gateway Appliance (ESG) Vulnerability


BARRACUDA EMAIL SECURITY GATEWAY APPLIANCE (ESG) VULNERABILITY

WE ARE COMMITTED TO

SECURING YOUR DATA




BARRACUDA EMAIL SECURITY GATEWAY APPLIANCE (ESG) VULNERABILITY

 


MAY 30TH, 2023:


PRELIMINARY SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS

Barracuda Networks priorities throughout this incident have been transparency
and to use this as an opportunity to strengthen our policies, practices, and
technology to further protect against future attacks. Although our investigation
is ongoing, the purpose of this document is to share preliminary findings,
provide the known Indicators of Compromise (IOCs), and share YARA rules to aid
our customers in their investigations, including with respect to their own
environments.

Timeline

 * On May 18, 2023, Barracuda was alerted to anomalous traffic originating from
   Barracuda Email Security Gateway (ESG) appliances.
 * On May 18, 2023, Barracuda engaged Mandiant, leading global cyber security
   experts, to assist in the investigation.
 * On May 19, 2023, Barracuda identified a vulnerability (CVE-2023-28681) in our
   Email Security Gateway appliance (ESG).
 * On May 20, 2023, a security patch to remediate the vulnerability was applied
   to all ESG appliances worldwide.
 * On May 21, 2023, a script was deployed to all impacted appliances to contain
   the incident and counter unauthorized access methods.
 * A series of security patches are being deployed to all appliances in
   furtherance of our containment strategy.

Key Findings

While the investigation is still on-going, Barracuda has concluded the
following:

 * The vulnerability existed in a module which initially screens the attachments
   of incoming emails. No other Barracuda products, including our SaaS email
   security services, were subject to the vulnerability identified.
 * Earliest identified evidence of exploitation of CVE-2023-2868 is currently
   October 2022.
 * Barracuda identified that CVE-2023-2868 was utilized to obtain unauthorized
   access to a subset of ESG appliances.
 * Malware was identified on a subset of appliances allowing for persistent
   backdoor access.
 * Evidence of data exfiltration was identified on a subset of impacted
   appliances.

Users whose appliances we believe were impacted have been notified via the ESG
user interface of actions to take. Barracuda has also reached out to these
specific customers. Additional customers may be identified in the course of the
investigation.

CVE-2023-2868

On May 19, 2023, Barracuda Networks identified a remote command injection
vulnerability (CVE-2023-2868) present in the Barracuda Email Security Gateway
(appliance form factor only) versions 5.1.3.001-9.2.0.006. The vulnerability
stemmed from incomplete input validation of user supplied .tar files as it
pertains to the names of the files contained within the archive. Consequently, a
remote attacker could format file names in a particular manner that would result
in remotely executing a system command through Perl's qx operator with the
privileges of the Email Security Gateway product.

Barracuda's investigation to date has determined that a third party utilized the
technique described above to gain unauthorized access to a subset of ESG
appliances.

Malware

This section details the malware that has been identified to date.

SALTWATER

SALTWATER is a trojanized module for the Barracuda SMTP daemon (bsmtpd) that
contains backdoor functionality. The capabilities of SALTWATER include the
ability to upload or download arbitrary files, execute commands, as well as
proxy and tunneling capabilities.

Identified at path: /home/product/code/firmware/current/lib/smtp/modules on a
subset of ESG appliances.

The backdoor is implemented using hooks on the send, recv, close syscalls and
amounts to five components, most of which are referred to as “Channels” within
the binary. In addition to providing backdoor and proxying capabilities, these
components exhibit classic backdoor functionality.  The five (5) channels can be
seen in the list below.

 * DownloadChannel
 * UploadChannel
 * ProxyChannel
 * ShellChannel
 * TunnelArgs

Mandiant is still analyzing SALTWATER to determine if it overlaps with any other
known malware families. Table 1 below provides the file metadata related to a
SALTWATER variant.

Table 1 below provides the file metadata related to a SALTWATER variant.

Name SHA256 mod_udp.so
1c6cad0ed66cf8fd438974e1eac0bc6dd9119f84892930cb71cb56a5e985f0a4

 

MD5 File Type Size (Bytes) 827d507aa3bde0ef903ca5dec60cdec8 ELF x86 1,879,643

Table 1: SALTWATER variant metadata

SEASPY

SEASPY is an x64 ELF persistence backdoor that poses as a legitimate Barracuda
Networks service and establishes itself as a PCAP filter, specifically
monitoring traffic on port 25 (SMTP). SEASPY also contains backdoor
functionality that is activated by a "magic packet".

Identified at path: /sbin/ on a subset of ESG appliances.

Mandiant analysis has identified code overlap between SEASPY and cd00r, a
publicly available backdoor.

Table 2 below provides the file metadata related to a SEASPY variant.

Name SHA256 BarracudaMailService
3f26a13f023ad0dcd7f2aa4e7771bba74910ee227b4b36ff72edc5f07336f115

 

MD5 File Type Size (Bytes) 4ca4f582418b2cc0626700511a6315c0 ELF x64 2,924,217

Table 2: SEASPY variant metadata

SEASIDE

SEASIDE is a Lua based module for the Barracuda SMTP daemon (bsmtpd) that
monitors SMTP HELO/EHLO commands to receive a command and control (C2) IP
address and port which it passes as arguments to an external binary that
establishes a reverse shell.

Table 3 below provides the file metadata related to a SEASIDE.

Name SHA256 mod_require_helo.lua
fa8996766ae347ddcbbd1818fe3a878272653601a347d76ea3d5dfc227cd0bc8

 

MD5 File Type Size (Bytes) cd2813f0260d63ad5adf0446253c2172 Lua module 2,724

Table 3: SEASIDE metadata

Recommendations For Impacted Customers

 1. Ensure your ESG appliance is receiving and applying updates, definitions,
    and security patches from Barracuda. Contact Barracuda support
    (support@barracuda.com) to validate if the appliance is up to date.
 2. Discontinue the use of the compromised ESG appliance and contact Barracuda
    support (support@barracuda.com) to obtain a new ESG virtual or hardware
    appliance.
 3. Rotate any applicable credentials connected to the ESG appliance:
    o  Any connected LDAP/AD
    o  Barracuda Cloud Control
    o  FTP Server
    o  SMB
    o  Any private TLS certificates
 4. Review your network logs for any of the IOCs listed below and any unknown
    IPs. Contact compliance@barracuda.com if any are identified.

To support customers in the investigations of their environments, we are
providing a list of all endpoint and network indicators observed over the course
of the investigation to date. We have also developed a series of YARA rules that
can be found in the section below.

Endpoint IOCs

Table 4 lists the endpoint IOCs, including malware and utilities, attributed to
attacker activity during the investigation.

       File Name   MD5 Hash Type  1 appcheck.sh N/A Bash script 2 aacore.sh N/A
Bash script 3 1.sh N/A Bash script 4 mod_udp.so 827d507aa3bde0ef903ca5dec60cdec8
SALTWATER Variant 5 intent N/A N/A 6 install_helo.tar
2ccb9759800154de817bf779a52d48f8 TAR Package 7 intent_helo
f5ab04a920302931a8bd063f27b745cc Bash script 8 pd
177add288b289d43236d2dba33e65956 Reverse Shell 9 update_v31.sh
881b7846f8384c12c7481b23011d8e45 Bash script 10 mod_require_helo.lua
cd2813f0260d63ad5adf0446253c2172 SEASIDE 11 BarracudaMailService
82eaf69de710abdc5dea7cd5cb56cf04 SEASPY 12 BarracudaMailService
e80a85250263d58cc1a1dc39d6cf3942 SEASPY 13 BarracudaMailService
5d6cba7909980a7b424b133fbac634ac SEASPY 14 BarracudaMailService
1bbb32610599d70397adfdaf56109ff3 SEASPY 15 BarracudaMailService
4b511567cfa8dbaa32e11baf3268f074 SEASPY 16 BarracudaMailService
a08a99e5224e1baf569fda816c991045 SEASPY 17 BarracudaMailService
19ebfe05040a8508467f9415c8378f32 SEASPY 18 mod_udp.so
1fea55b7c9d13d822a64b2370d015da7 SALTWATER Variant 19 mod_udp.so
64c690f175a2d2fe38d3d7c0d0ddbb6e SALTWATER Variant 20 mod_udp.so
4cd0f3219e98ac2e9021b06af70ed643 SALTWATER Variant

Table 4: Endpoint IOCs

Network IOCs

Table 5 lists the network IOCs, including IP addresses and domain names,
attributed to attacker activity during the investigation.

    Indicator ASN Location 1 xxl17z.dnslog.cn N/A N/A 2
mx01.bestfindthetruth.com N/A N/A 3 64.176.7.59 AS-CHOOPA US 4 64.176.4.234
AS-CHOOPA US 5 52.23.241.105 AMAZON-AES US 6 23.224.42.5 CloudRadium L.L.C US 7
192.74.254.229 PEG TECH INC US 8 192.74.226.142 PEG TECH INC US 9 155.94.160.72
QuadraNet Enterprises LLC US 10 139.84.227.9 AS-CHOOPA US 11 137.175.60.253 PEG
TECH INC US 12 137.175.53.170 PEG TECH INC US 13 137.175.51.147 PEG TECH INC US
14 137.175.30.36 PEG TECH INC US 15 137.175.28.251 PEG TECH INC US 16
137.175.19.25 PEG TECH INC US 17 107.148.219.227 PEG TECH INC US 18
107.148.219.55 PEG TECH INC US 19 107.148.219.54 PEG TECH INC US 20
107.148.219.53 PEG TECH INC US 21 107.148.219.227 PEG TECH INC US 22
107.148.149.156 PEG TECH INC US 23 104.223.20.222 QuadraNet Enterprises LLC US
24 103.93.78.142 EDGENAP LTD JP 25 103.27.108.62 TOPWAY GLOBAL LIMITED HK

Table 5: Network IOCs

YARA Rules

CVE-2023-2868

The following three (3) YARA rules can be used to hunt for the malicious TAR
file which exploits CVE-2023-2868:

rule M_Hunting_Exploit_Archive_2
 {
     meta:
         description = "Looks for TAR archive with /tmp/ base64 encoded being
part of filename of enclosed files"
         date_created = "2023-05-26"
         date_modified = "2023-05-26"
         md5 = "0d67f50a0bf7a3a017784146ac41ada0"
         version = "1.0"
     strings:
         $ustar = { 75 73 74 61 72 }
         $b64_tmp = "/tmp/" base64
     condition:
         filesize < 1MB and

         $ustar at 257 and

         for any i in (0 .. #ustar) : (

             $b64_tmp in (i * 512 .. i * 512 + 250)

         )
 }

rule M_Hunting_Exploit_Archive_3
 {
     meta:
         description = "Looks for TAR archive with openssl base64 encoded being
part of filename of enclosed files"
         date_created = "2023-05-26"
         date_modified = "2023-05-26"
         md5 = "0d67f50a0bf7a3a017784146ac41ada0"
         version = "1.0"
     strings:
         $ustar = { 75 73 74 61 72 }
         $b64_openssl = "openssl" base64
     condition:

         filesize < 1MB and
         $ustar at 257 and

         for any i in (0 .. #ustar) : (

             $b64_openssl in (i * 512 .. i * 512 + 250)

         )
 }

rule M_Hunting_Exploit_Archive_CVE_2023_2868
 {
     meta:
         description = "Looks for TAR archive with single quote/backtick as
start of filename of enclosed files. CVE-2023-2868"
         date_created = "2023-05-26"
         date_modified = "2023-05-26"
         md5 = "0d67f50a0bf7a3a017784146ac41ada0"
         version = "1.0"
     strings:
         $ustar = { 75 73 74 61 72 }
         $qb = "'`"
     condition:

         filesize < 1MB and
         $ustar at 257 and

         for any i in (0 .. #ustar) : (

             $qb at (@ustar[i] + 255)

         )
 }

SALTWATER

The following three (3) YARA rule can be used to hunt for SALTWATER:

rule M_Hunting_Linux_Funchook
 {
     strings:
         $f = "funchook_"
         $s1 = "Enter funchook_create()"
         $s2 = "Leave funchook_create() => %p"
         $s3 = "Enter funchook_prepare(%p, %p, %p)"
         $s4 = "Leave funchook_prepare(..., [%p->%p],...) => %d"
         $s5 = "Enter funchook_install(%p, 0x%x)"
         $s6 = "Leave funchook_install() => %d"
         $s7 = "Enter funchook_uninstall(%p, 0x%x)"
         $s8 = "Leave funchook_uninstall() => %d"
         $s9 = "Enter funchook_destroy(%p)"
         $s10 = "Leave funchook_destroy() => %d"
         $s11 = "Could not modify already-installed funchook handle."
         $s12 = "  change %s address from %p to %p"
         $s13 = "  link_map addr=%p, name=%s"
         $s14 = "  ELF type is neither ET_EXEC nor ET_DYN."
         $s15 = "  not a valid ELF module %s."
         $s16 = "Failed to protect memory %p (size=%"
         $s17 = "  protect memory %p (size=%"
         $s18 = "Failed to unprotect memory %p (size=%"
         $s19 = "  unprotect memory %p (size=%"
         $s20 = "Failed to unprotect page %p (size=%"
         $s21 = "  unprotect page %p (size=%"
         $s22 = "Failed to protect page %p (size=%"
         $s23 = "  protect page %p (size=%"
         $s24 = "Failed to deallocate page %p (size=%"
         $s25 = " deallocate page %p (size=%"
         $s26 = "  allocate page %p (size=%"
         $s27 = "  try to allocate %p but %p (size=%"
         $s28 = "  allocate page %p (size=%"
         $s29 = "Could not find a free region near %p"
         $s30 = "  -- Use address %p or %p for function %p"
     condition:
         filesize < 15MB and uint32(0) == 0x464c457f and (#f > 5 or 4 of ($s*))
 }

rule M_Hunting_Linux_SALTWATER_1
 {
     strings:
         $s1 = { 71 75 69 74 0D 0A 00 00 00 33 8C 25 3D 9C 17 70 08 F9 0C 1A 41
71 55 36 1A 5C 4B 8D 29 7E 0D 78 }
         $s2 = { 00 8B D5 AD 93 B7 54 D5 00 33 8C 25 3D 9C 17 70 08 F9 0C 1A 41
71 55 36 1A 5C 4B 8D 29 7E 0D 78 }
     condition:
         filesize < 15MB and uint32(0) == 0x464c457f and any of them
 }

rule M_Hunting_Linux_SALTWATER_2
 {
     strings:
         $c1 = "TunnelArgs"
         $c2 = "DownloadChannel"
         $c3 = "UploadChannel"
         $c4 = "ProxyChannel"
         $c5 = "ShellChannel"
         $c6 = "MyWriteAll"
         $c7 = "MyReadAll"
         $c8 = "Connected2Vps"
         $c9 = "CheckRemoteIp"
         $c10 = "GetFileSize"
         $s1 = "[-] error: popen failed"
         $s2 = "/home/product/code/config/ssl_engine_cert.pem"
         $s3 = "libbindshell.so"
     condition:
         filesize < 15MB and uint32(0) == 0x464c457f and (2 of ($s*) or 4 of
($c*))
 }

 


MAY 23RD, 2023:

Barracuda identified a vulnerability (CVE-2023-2868) in our Email Security
Gateway appliance (ESG) on May 19, 2023. A security patch to eliminate the
vulnerability was applied to all ESG appliances worldwide on Saturday, May 20,
2023. The vulnerability existed in a module which initially screens the
attachments of incoming emails. No other Barracuda products, including our SaaS
email security services, were subject to this vulnerability.

We took immediate steps to investigate this vulnerability. Based on our
investigation to date, we’ve identified that the vulnerability resulted in
unauthorized access to a subset of email gateway appliances. As part of our
containment strategy, all ESG appliances have received a second patch on May 21,
2023. Users whose appliances we believe were impacted have been notified via the
ESG user interface of actions to take. Barracuda has also reached out to these
specific customers.

We will continue actively monitoring this situation, and we will be transparent
in sharing details on what actions we are taking. Information gathering is
ongoing as part of the investigation. We want to ensure we only share validated
information with actionable steps for you to take. As we have information to
share, we will provide updates via this product status page
(https://status.barracuda.com) and direct outreach to impacted customers.
Updates are also located on Barracuda’s Trust Center
(https://www.barracuda.com/company/legal).

Barracuda’s investigation was limited to the ESG product, and not the customer’s
specific environment. Therefore, impacted customers should review their
environments and determine any additional actions they want to take.

Your trust is important to us. We thank you for your understanding and support
as we work through this issue and sincerely apologize for any inconvenience it
may cause. If you have any questions, please reach out to support@barracuda.com.

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HOW BARRACUDA USES COOKIES




YOUR PRIVACY


YOUR PRIVACY

Barracuda Sites may request cookies to be set on your device. We use cookies to
let us know when you visit our Barracuda Sites, to understand how you interact
with us, to enrich and personalize your user experience, to enable social media
functionality and to customize your relationship with Barracuda, including
providing you with more relevant advertising. Note that blocking some types of
cookies may impact your experience on our Barracuda Sites and the services we
are able to offer.


 * STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES
   
   
   STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES
   
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   Strictly Necessary Cookies
   
   These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be
   switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions
   made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your
   privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser
   to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will
   not then work.


 * ANALYTICS COOKIES
   
   
   ANALYTICS COOKIES
   
   Analytics Cookies
   
   These cookies help Barracuda to understand how visitors to our pages engage
   within their session. Analytics Cookies assist in generating reporting site
   usage statistics which do not personally identify individual users.


 * PERFORMANCE COOKIES
   
   
   PERFORMANCE COOKIES
   
   Performance Cookies
   
   These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure
   and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are
   the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. If you
   do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site,
   and will not be able to monitor its performance.


 * TARGETING COOKIES
   
   
   TARGETING COOKIES
   
   Targeting Cookies
   
   These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They
   may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show
   you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not directly identify you, but
   are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do
   not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.


 * FUNCTIONAL COOKIES
   
   
   FUNCTIONAL COOKIES
   
   Functional Cookies
   
   These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
   personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
   services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then
   some or all of these services may not function properly.

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COOKIE ACCEPTANCE

We use cookies to make our website work. We and our partners would also like to
set optional cookies for analytics purposes, as well as to measure and improve
the performance of the website, and to remember your preferences and provide you
enhanced functionality and personalization. Click on the Cookies Preferences
button to find out more and set your preferences.

Click on the Accept All button if you consent to the use of all such cookies. If
you choose to allow the use of such cookies, you will be able to withdraw your
consent at any time. Please refer to our Privacy Policy to better understand
your rights.Privacy Policy

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