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* Economics * Precious Metals * Gold * Silver * Energy & Critical Metals * Lithium * Uranium * Rare Earths * Base Metals * Iron Ore * Copper * Nickel * Companies Directory * Stocks In Play * Companies Newsroom * Articles * Today’s News * Financing News * Drilling News * Logout * Account * My Newsletter * Profile * Newsletter Management * Sign In * Sign Up * Newsletter Connect with us * * * NXTMINE EUROPE’S DEPLETED GAS STORAGE MIGHT NOT GET REFILLED AHEAD OF NEXT WINTER * Economics * Precious Metals * Gold * Silver * Energy & Critical Metals * Lithium * Uranium * Rare Earths * Base Metals * Iron Ore * Copper * Nickel * Companies Directory * Stocks In Play * Companies Newsroom * Articles * Today’s News * Financing News * Drilling News * Logout * Account * My Newsletter * Profile * Newsletter Management * Sign In * Sign Up * Newsletter ECONOMICS EUROPE’S DEPLETED GAS STORAGE MIGHT NOT GET REFILLED AHEAD OF NEXT WINTER Europe’s Depleted Gas Storage Might Not Get Refilled Ahead Of Next Winter Europe may have trouble replenishing its natural gas storage facilities… SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * Published 2 days ago on March 1, 2022 This article was originally published by Zero Hedge Europe’s Depleted Gas Storage Might Not Get Refilled Ahead Of Next Winter Europe may have trouble replenishing its natural gas storage facilities by next winter as storage levels are at decade lows. Russia, which supplies one-third of Europe’s natgas needs, has said delivery of gas through vast networks of pipelines will continue. On Monday, Russia’s gas producer Gazprom published a statement warning there will be “serious challenges” in replenishing European gas storage facilities for next winter considering “such significant gas volumes” are needed and never has this happened ahead of the summer months. Gazprom said there could be daily restrictions on injections because of the technological capacities of the pipeline infrastructure. Then there’s also the risk of damage to pipelines that transit gas from Russia through Ukraine. On top of this, European markets will be competing with increasing demand from Asian markets. Bloomberg data shows that German underground storages “are depleted” by 70.6%, while French ones are 77.1%. Gas withdrawal from European storage lasts until late March and, in some cases, early April. Gas injections begin shortly after to resupply the continent for the summer months and ahead of next winter. However, since storage levels are at decade-low levels, filling up ahead of next winter could be a challenge. Then there’s the risk of Russia limiting natgas flows to Europe in retaliation for a raft of fresh sanctions that froze Russian central bank assets, and some Russian banks were removed from the SWIFT financial messaging system, which has caused utter chaos in Russian markets on Monday, especially in FX markets. Wood Mackenzie analyst Kateryna Filippenko told Reuters, “Europe might have to pull every lever to keep the lights on – reducing gas burn and cranking up mothballed nuclear and coal plants; maximizing indigenous gas production and pipeline imports.” Filippenko said there would be temporary fixes, leaving Europe with “perilously low storage volumes” going into winter, adding that energy prices “could be higher than 2021/22”. Kaushal Ramesh, an analyst at Rystad Energy, also agreed with Filippenko: “End-2022 and going into 2023 may see prices closer to the 2021 winter and could be higher.” Although the European benchmark, Dutch gas prices, are below December’s record highs, prices did jump 60% on Thursday after Moscow invaded Ukraine. Higher energy prices have rippled through the economy and resulted in a massive surge of power prices that have crushed households across Europe. Governments in the region are spending billions of euros shielding consumers from soaring power prices. “Rising commodities prices will further fuel already high levels of inflation, putting Western central banks between a rock and a hard place,” said Teeuwe Mevissen, senior market economist at Rabobank. > “Raising interest rates will increase the chance of hurting the pace of > economic recovery, not raising rates might lead to increased inflation > expectations and might still lead to a deflationary environment because of > lower purchase power putting pressure on spending power and, therefore, > demand,” said Mevissen. The good news so far is that “western nations have excluded Russian commodity exports from sanctions,” said Mark Haefele, chief investment officer for global wealth management at UBS Group AG. > “But positions are shifting fast, and Western nations have already begun > implementing measures that seemed unlikely a few days ago, and the White House > has stated that energy sanctions are on the table,” Haefele said. Even though Gazprom continues to pump gas into the energy crisis-stricken continent, there are genuine risks that supply disruptions could be seen or at least pipeline capacity into Europe might not be able to inject enough gas to refill supplies ahead of next winter, which could very well result in higher energy prices. Tyler Durden Tue, 03/01/2022 – 04:15 inflation commodities commodity markets interest rates central bank deflationary AUTHOR: TYLER DURDEN SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * RELATED CHAOS ERUPTS IN ENERGY MARKETS AS EUROPEAN GAS JUMPS 60% Chaos Erupts In Energy Markets As European Gas Jumps 60% The invasion of Ukraine has transformed Russia into a commercial outcast as refiners... March 2, 2022 In "Economics" FURIOUS EUROPEANS PROTEST ELECTRICITY HYPERINFLATION: LAGARDE ARE YOU WATCHING? Furious Europeans Protest Electricity Hyperinflation: Lagarde Are You Watching? While a faint glimpse of reality did sneak through into the... September 9, 2021 In "Economics" GERMAN REGULATORS SUSPEND NORD STREAM 2 APPROVAL; EUROPEAN GAS PRICES SURGE German Regulators Suspend Nord Stream 2 Approval; European Gas Prices Surge European natural gas prices surged as much as 12% Tuesday after... November 16, 2021 In "Economics" Related Topics:inflationInterest RatesdeflationaryCommoditiescommoditymarketscentral bankaggregated Continue Reading Advertisement YOU MAY LIKE Verde to reach 3 million tonnes potash production capacity in 2022 High Tide to Acquire Crossroads Cannabis, Adding Four Established Cannabis Retail Stores in Ontario IsoEnergy Appoints Graham du Preez as Chief Financial Officer GATO LAWSUIT ALERT: Levi & Korsinsky Notifies Gatos Silver, Inc. Investors of a Class Action Lawsuit and Upcoming Deadline Markets Sometimes Do The Work That Armies Can’t China almost certainly owns more gold than the US – here’s why that matters ECONOMICS MARKETS SOMETIMES DO THE WORK THAT ARMIES CAN’T #CKStrong The instant immiseration of a big economy [by sanctions] is unprecedented and will cause alarm around the world, not least in China, which will… SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * #CKStrong > The instant immiseration of a big economy [by sanctions] is unprecedented and > will cause alarm around the world, not least in China, which will recalculate > the costs of a war over Taiwan. The West’s priority must be to win the > economic confrontation with Russia. Then it must create a doctrine to govern > these weapons in order to prevent a broader shift towards autarky. – Economist 1997 Asian Financial Crisis Forces Indonesia’s Dictator From Office During the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, Indonesia was hit hardest. The economic and political chaos that ensued forced Indonesia’s Suharto government from power in May 1998, after ruling unopposed for 31 years. Something that domestic political pressure and periodic military unrest could not. Suharto consolidated his power in 1967 after the 1965 military coup, which is the basis for the excellent Australian movie, The Year of Living Dangerously. Massive capital flight from Indonesia coupled with its current account deficit caused the rupiah to lose 80 percent of its value against the dollar from August 1997 to January 1998. > By 1998, Suharto became increasingly seen as the source of the country’s > mounting economic and political crises, and prominent political figures began > speaking out against his presidency…Rioting and looting across Jakarta and > other cities began over the following days…On 20 May, there was a “massive > show of force” from the military, with soldiers and armored vehicles on the > streets of Jakarta. Facing a threat of impeachment from Harmoko, and having > received a letter from 14 cabinet members rejecting the formation of a new > cabinet, Suharto decided to resign. — Wikidpedia Unlike Putin, Suharto didn’t have a real external enemy to deflect blame for the country’s economic woes, though the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad did single out Geroge Soros. Sound familiar? The hard-right scapegoating of George Soros for all the world’s ills is now commonplace, but Mahathir did it a decade before Sean Hannity and two decades before Laura Ingram hit the airwaves at Fox News. However, not himself personally, Soros’ firm did go after the vulnerable Asian currencies, as did Morgan Stanley and almost all the big Wall Street firms and hedge funds. But that is what they do. As one trader told me during the period, “these economies are so out of balance, it was like shooting fish in a barrel.” Moreover, Indonesia was in a current account deficit and highly dependent on foreign capital. Russia, by comparison, runs a large current account surplus and is hardly dependent on the “hot money” foreign capital as they were, which led to their infamous 1998 default. The head of Russia’s central bank, Elvira Nabiullina, is one of the world’s best, so we doubt the ruble is heading the way of the rupiah during the 1997 crisis though it’s too early to be sure. Well Putin Go The Way Of Suharto? It’s too early to speculate, and the two countries couldn’t be more different. Russia and Indonesia during 1997 are two very different situations. Indonesia collapsed due to market forces exploiting the country’s economic vulnerabilities. Russia’s case, however, is similar to what happened during the first few quarters of the pandemic when the world’s policymakers flipped the global economy’s lights off. Similarly, Western government sanctions are flipping off Russia’s outside lights, and the darkness is rapidly spreading to the domestic economy. Short-term Putin’s fate most likely depends on the support of his inner circle, the heads of the intelligence agencies, for example, which will be dependent on how the war unfolds. How will Russia’s population react to being cut off from the West, such as Apple’s announcement they will stop selling products to Russia? Who knows, it’s way to early but we are highly doubtful the younger population will have much patience as they watch their country morph into another North Korea. Time will only tell. One Last Thing – China The Economist also writes, > Autocracies will be most nervous: they own half of the world’s $20trn pile of > reserves and sovereign wealth assets. While China can inflict huge economic > costs on the West by blocking supply chains, it is now clear that in the event > of a war over Taiwan, the West could freeze China’s $3.3trn reserve pile…Over > the next decade technological changes could create new payments networks that > bypass the Western banking system. > > …Some of this fragmentation has become inevitable. But by applying sanctions > to ever more countries over the past two decades, and now also raising their > potential severity, the West risks pushing more countries to delink from the > Western-led financial system than is desirable. — Economist Will China Dump Its Treasury Securites? The primary reason why nominal interest rates, and real rates, for that matter, are so low in the United States is that central banks, who are price insensitive, own 53.2 percent of all outstanding coupon Treasury securities as of the end of last year. The Fed held $4.9 trillion (29.4 percent) and foreign central banks $3.9 trillion (23.8 percent). In other words, similar to housing, there is an engineered shortage of coupon Treasuries relative to the amount of money in the global financial system, distorting interest rates. Of the total foreign holdings of Treasuries, China is the second-largest, just behind Japan, owning over 27 percent of the foreign-held. The data are illustrated in the chart below. The latter three, UK, Ireland, and Luxemboug, most likely reflect the individual county’s status as a financial center or tax haven. For example, we speculate close to half of Ireland’s holdings reflect Apple and Microsoft’s corporate portfolio. We could be wrong, and if you have better information, please email us or comment at the bottom of the post. We also suspect leaders in China are getting very nervous after seeing the West’s harsh sanctions on Russia, including the freezing of its central bank assets. Is China Still Comfortable Holding Treasuries? Seriously, folks, do you think the regime in China is as comfortable as it was at the beginning of the year, holding almost one-third of their foreign reserves in U.S. Treasuries after the events of the past ten days? We doubt it. Watch This Signal I began my professional career in the private sector, negotiating the sizeable commercial bank sovereign debt restructurings. If negotiations hit a snag, as they often did, we would watch the government’s action regarding their foreign reserves held in custody in the United States. If they began to move them out of the country, it was a signal they may be preparing to declare a debt payment moratorium and suspend payments to gain leverage in the negotiations — the nuclear option. If, say, China begins to dump their Treasury holdings rapidly, it could very well signal they are preparing to take Taiwan. Just a theory and a hypothetical, or it could be they are becoming more politically risk-averse and hedging after observing what happened to Russia’s central bank. If our speculation is correct, U.S. interest rates will be moving closer to a market-driven price. That is, much higher or forcing the Fed to step in to keep a lid on interest rates, which cause inflation to move higher. > The more they [sanctions] are used, the more countries will seek to avoid > relying on Western finance..It would also lead to a dangerous fragmentation of > the world economy. > > …Today it is hard to park trillions of dollars outside Western markets, but in > time more countries may seek to diversify their reserves by investing more > elsewhere. – Economist Dayam, the current world situation is starting to read like a Tom Clancy novel. > …the second phase of the Japanese offensive: an economic attack, where Japan > engineers the collapse of the U.S. stock market by hiring a programmer who is > a consultant for an exchange firm to insert a logic bomb into the system, > which when triggered blocks the storage of all trade records made after noon > on Friday. They also assassinate the President of the Federal Reserve Bank. – > Wikipedia The Times They Are a-Changin’. Here’s to hoping the policymakers have thought this through and have a contingency plan. Only sweat the things you can control. Stay frosty, folks. > dollar inflation markets reserve interest rates fed central bank AUTHOR: MACROMON SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * RELATED Continue Reading PRECIOUS METALS CHINA ALMOST CERTAINLY OWNS MORE GOLD THAN THE US – HERE’S WHY THAT MATTERS If you thought the West was unprepared for inflation – or indeed for Russia – wait and see just how unprepared it is for this bombshell. This is the… SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * If you thought the West was unprepared for inflation – or indeed for Russia – wait and see just how unprepared it is for this bombshell. This is the biggest story in world finance, and yet nobody, bar your intrepid blogger, is reporting on it. For those without the attention spans to read all the way to the end, let’s cut to the chase and get the main point out upfront: China has more gold than the United States. WHY CHINA MIGHT WANT TO OWN A LOT MORE GOLD THAN IT’S ADMITTING We’ve seen many examples over the last few decades of how the United States weaponises the dollar, exploiting its status as global reserve currency. The sanctions on Russia and its removal from the Swift messaging system this week are perhaps the most dramatic example of all. Russian civilians have had their wealth decimated (in fact, probably significantly more than decimated for most) almost overnight. China will be surely watching all of this, learning from Russia’s mistakes and thinking it needs to de-dollarise as swiftly and discreetly as possible. Whether to protect its citizens’ wealth or its national interests, China cannot be beholden to a banking system that is run by the West – the US especially – and which is one of their weapons of war. Both Russia and China have known they must de-dollarise for some considerable time, which is why both have been so steadily increasing their gold holdings. Let’s start with Russia’s gold. The chart is courtesy of Nick Laird of goldchartsrus.com and it shows the Russian Central Bank’s accumulation to today’s figure of, give or take, 2,300 tonnes – roughly 74 million ounces (there are 32,150 troy ounces in a tonne). That makes Russia, according to official figures at least, the fifth-largest gold owner in the world. The table below, courtesy of the World Gold Council, shows the top 19 owners of gold, also their foreign exchange reserves and their percentage allocation to gold. The US has the most – 8,134 tonnes – followed by Germany, Italy, France and Russia. The UK sits proudly in 17th position. Behind Kazakhstan, Turkey and Uzbekistan. Thank you Gordon Brown. Country FX reserves $m Total reserves $m Gold holdings % Gold reserves Oz (m) Gold reserves (tonnes) 1 USA 239,485 695,225 65.55 455,741 8,133.5 2 Germany 99,513 287,732 65.41 188,219 3,359.1 3 Italy 83,583 220,966 62.17 137,383 2,451.8 4 France 102,439 238,954 57.13 136,515 2,436.4 5 Russian 485,462 614,255 20.97 128,793 2,298.5 6 China 3,264,064 3,373,233 3.24 109,169 1,948.3 7 Switzerland 1,019,165 1,077,439 5.41 58,274 1,040.0 8 Japan 1,358,141 1,405,543 3.37 47,402 845.9 9 India 598,057 639,736 6.52 41,679 743.8 10 Netherlands 28,229 62,547 54.87 34,318 612.4 11 Taiwan 544,899 568,636 4.17 23,7367 423.6 12 Kazakhstan 13,407 35,664 62.41 22,257 397.2 13 Turkey 81,176 103,186 21.33 22,010 392.8 14 Uzbekistan 13,070 34,558 62.18 21,489 383.5 15 Portugal 11,606 33,042 64.88 21,436 382.6 16 Saudi Arabia 465,059 483,161 3.75 18,102 323.07 17 UK 175,879 193,265 9 17,386 310.3 18 Lebanon 19,430 35,501 45.27 16,072 286.8 19 Spain 75,479 91,256 17.29 15,778 281.6 The country we are focusing on today is the one in sixth place on that table, China. HERE’S WHY CHINA’S GOLD RESERVES MUST BE FAR BIGGER THAN OFFICIAL DATA SUGGESTS First, consider China’s US dollar holdings – over three trillion of them. That’s more than the UK’s annual GDP. Its US dollar holdings eclipse those of every other nation; China is not going to want those to go to zero – not yet, anyway. Then consider its gold holdings. It has 1,948 tonnes, barely 3% of its foreign exchange reserves. The US’s gold holdings equate to over 65% of its reserves. What if China were to approach that level? Well, my argument is that China has much more gold than it says it does. There are two parts to this argument. First, China’s gold mining. In 2007, China overtook South Africa as the world’s largest gold producer. It has remained so ever since. This past decade it has produced about 15% of all the gold mined in the world. Since 2000, China has mined roughly 6,830 tonnes. Over half of Chinese gold production is state-owned – the China National Gold Group Corporation alone accounts for 20%. And China keeps the gold it mines – the export of domestic mine production is not allowed. I say that number again: 6,830 tonnes. Already that official 1,948 figure looks very dubious. With reserves in decline at home, Chinese mining companies have also been buying assets abroad, across Africa, South America and Asia. International production exceeds domestic production – by about 15 tonnes in 2020. Second, there is the fact that, as well as being the biggest producer, China is the world’s biggest importer. Gold imports via Switzerland and Dubai are not always declared, but we do know that via Hong Kong alone, over 6,700 tonnes have entered the country since 2000. Add that to cumulative gold production since 2000, and you get a figure over 13,500 tonnes. Whether imported, mined or recycled, most of the gold that enters China goes through the Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE), including the gold imported from Hong Kong. So SGE withdrawals – for which we do have numbers – can act as something of an approximation for demand. And it is possible to get numbers for SGE withdrawals: since 2008, almost 22,000 tonnes have been withdrawn from the SGE. Then we have to add gold held in China, whether as bullion or jewellery, before 2000. The World Gold Council estimates a figure of 2,500 tonnes in privately-held jewellery. Added to domestic mining and official reserves, you get a figure of around 4,000 tonnes. Cobble it all together – cumulative production, imports and existing stock – and you arrive at a figure not far off 31,000 tonnes. I’ve spoken to some of the world’s top analysts – Ross Norman, Bron Suchecki and Koos Jansen – and they all arrive at similar estimates. Alasdair McLeod of Goldmoney thinks it is higher still. SO WHY WOULD CHINA KEEP ITS GOLD RESERVES QUIET? But there is more, as Ross Norman points out. Not all gold entering China is accounted for by SGE withdrawals. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank, likes to buy 12.5kg bars, which do not trade on the SGE. The PBOC often uses dollars on exchanges in London, Dubai and Switzerland, while the SGE sells its gold in yuan. The Chinese army, too, owns gold and does not have to declare its purchases. And there are other state agencies, as well: the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and China Investment Corporation – the sovereign wealth fund, for example. How much of this gold is state owned? Norman guesses 50%; Suchecki, formerly of the Perth Mint, says 55%. At 50%, the implication is that China owns over 15,000 tonnes – closing in on double the US. “Chinese Central Bank gold holdings have apparently been entirely unchanged since mid-2019 at 1,948 tonnes,” Ross Norman tells me. “But few of us believe that. Put an additional zero on the end (19,480 tonnes) and I should not be surprised if that is not much closer to their official holdings”. Alasdair McLeod goes one stage further. “The PRC probably has as much as 30,000 tonnes hidden in various accounts, but not declared as official reserves”. Whether ten, 15 or 30,000 tonnes, there is no way China can declare such large holdings. Not yet anyway – it would cause an unwanted surge in both the yuan and the gold price. The government’s $3.2trn of US dollar foreign exchange reserves would be devalued. “I don’t think China needs to brag about its largesse,” says Norman. “After all, a stronger currency as a result of that reserve backing would be counter-productive, as it would confer competitive disadvantage”. What’s more, to declare so much gold would be a direct challenge to American supremacy, which China is probably not yet ready for. Parity first, then supremacy. For now they follow Deng Xiaoping’s doctrine of “we must not shine too brightly.” Its declared 1,948 tonnes is, perhaps, the bare minimum it could declare and look credible. But a mere 3% of China’s forex reserves in gold? Pull the other one. If China decides to weaponise money, as the US has done, all it has to do is declare its gold holdings, perhaps even partially back the yuan with them. Talk was, at one stage, its central bank digital currency (CBDC) would be partially gold backed. Unbacked Western money risks losing a great deal of its purchasing power in such an event. To back Western fiat even partially with gold would mean a dramatic upwards revaluation of gold – into the tens of thousands. But that is the card China now has with its 20 years of relentless accumulation. He who owns the gold, makes the rules. Dominic’s film, Adam Smith: Father of the Fringe, about the unlikely influence of the father of economics on the greatest arts festival in the world is now available to watch on YouTube. dollar gold inflation reserve mining central bank us dollar reserve currency AUTHOR: DOMINIC FRISBY SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * RELATED Continue Reading PRECIOUS METALS GOLD PRICE OUTLOOK WITH FED’S INTEREST RATE HIKE IN THE HORIZON Gold price is trading within a rather tight range of between $1,935 and $1,925 for the second session in a row following Jerome Powell’s testimony…. SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * Gold price is trading within a rather tight range of between $1,935 and $1,925 for the second session in a row following Jerome Powell’s testimony. At the time of writing, the precious metal was trading at $1,932.14. gold price FED’S INTEREST RATE In his testimony before the US Congress on Wednesday, the Federal Reserve’s Chair – Jerome Powell – indicated that the US central bank will continue with its plan to gradually hike interest rates. On the one hand, he acknowledged that the Russia-Ukraine war have intensified economic uncertainties. Nonetheless, he was quick to add that the situation has not shifted the Fed from its path in dealing with the high inflationary pressures. With regards to the situation in eastern Europe and subsequent reaction of the global economy, Powell stated that the Fed is “going to avoid uncertainty to what is already an extraordinarily challenging and uncertain moment.” Amid the strengthening labour market, rapidly recovering economy, and soaring prices, the Fed Chair is of the opinion that a quarter-point interest rate hike is an apt point to begin its plan of increasing rates and dealing with high inflation. At the beginning, the US central bank is set to gradually hike interest rates. However, it is ready to embrace a more aggressive approach if inflation does not cool down within a reasonable timeframe. The first interest rate hike since December 2018 is expected about two weeks from now after the Fed meeting that will be concluded on 16th March. With that in mind, gold price will likely record curbed gains in the short term. The precious metal is usually sensitive to higher interest rates as it increases the opportunity cost of holding the non-yielding bullion. In fact, following Jerome Powell’s testimony on Wednesday, Treasury yields rallied back above 1.90% to an intraday high of 1.91%. Granted, it has since pulled back to 1.88% as at 08:34 a.m GMT. As the US bond yields continue to find support at 1.85%, gold price is trading within a rather tight range of between $1,935.70 and $1,925.00 for the second session in a row. Nonetheless, the precious metal is still finding support in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and the subsequent demand for safe havens. Explosions have been reported in Ukraine’s capital city, Kyiv while the nation’s second city, Kharkiv remains under severe attack from Russian troops. Besides, Moscow has taken over the southern Ukraine city of Kherson and surrounded Mariupol. The post Gold price outlook with Fed’s interest rate hike in the horizon appeared first on Invezz. gold inflation reserve interest rates fed central bank inflationary AUTHOR: FAITH MAINA SHARE THIS: * Twitter * Facebook * RELATED Continue Reading TRENDING HOW LONG CAN MARKETS KEEP THEIR CALM OVER RUSSIA? Economics2 days ago STAGFLATION ON DECK: ATLANTA FED CUTS Q1 GDP TO 0.0% Economics2 days ago BEAR MARKET STRATEGIES – ARE YOU READY? 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